• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

흙의 입자 크기에 따른 지반-말뚝 시스템의 동적 거동 차이를 알아보기 위해, 단말뚝 및 군말뚝에 대한 1g 진동대모형 실험을 수행하였다. 지반 조성에 사용된 시료는 주문진 표준사와 호주산 세사이며, 흙의 입자 크기에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 다른 실험 조건은 동일하게 하였다. 단말뚝 실험 결과 말뚝의 횡방향 변위는 말뚝 직경의 1%인 탄성 영역 이내로 발생하였다. 단말뚝의 p-y 거동을 살펴보면 동일 변위에서 주문진 표준사 모형 지반의 지반 반력 값이 호주산 세사 모형 지반에서의 지반 반력보다 더 크게 나타났으며, 이는 주문진 표준사 모형 지반에서의 초기 탄성 강성이 더 크게 평가됨을 의미한다. 이러한 입자 크기에 따른 초기 지반 강성 차이는 공진주 실험 및 삼축압축실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 또한 외삽을 통해 단말뚝의 동적 p-y 중추 곡선을 산정한 결과 동적 p-y 중추곡선의 강성이 주문진 표준사 지반에서 호주산세사 지반보다 더 크게 산정되었다. 그러므로 사질토 지반에서 입자크기에 관계없이 동일한 p-y곡선을 적용하여 말뚝의 동적 거동을 예측하는 방법에 오류가 있을 수 있다. 군말뚝 실험에서는 단말뚝 실험과 같은 실험 조건에서 말뚝 직경의 1% 이상의 횡방향 변위가 발생하였으며, 모형 지반 종류와 상관없이 유사한 p-y 거동이 나타났다. 이는 변형율이 큰 비선형 영역에서는 주문진 표준사와 호주산 세사의 강성 차이가 크지 않기 때문이다. 이러한 일련의 단말뚝 및 군말뚝 실험 결과로 볼 때, 군효과를 평가하기 위해 단말뚝의 p-y 곡선에 단순히 p-승수(p-multiplier)를 곱하여 군효과를 고려하는 방법에 오류가 있을 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.265-272
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• 1994

The relative density seems to be important as a factor of controlling the physical properties in the case of cohesionless soil ground as sand. Therefore, the study is more important about the method for reappearing the same relative density when the specimen of shearing test is to be produced or the model test of ground is to be made. In this study, the apparatus making use of the multiple sieving pluviation method - one of the reappearance of relative density - could be made. Using this apparatus, tests were practiced varying the factors such as the size of sieve mesh and the number of sieve, the amount of falling discharge, the falling height etc. about the standard sand in Jumunjin and Hadong sand. When laboratory test is performed by the cohensionless soil , it presents the method for reappearing of the relative density in field.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.5-26
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• 1991

지반의 상대밀도, 응력이력, 말뚝의 표면상태, 매설깊이 및 직경이 상양력을 받는 말뚝의 거동에 미치는 영향에 대한 모형실험결과가 발표되었다. 극한상양지지력은 모래의 상대밀도 뿐만아니라 현위치수평응력에 의존되며, 한계깊이 현상은 깊이에 따른 수평응력의 변화로 설명되고, Ktan 의 값은 말뚝직경의 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.366-369
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• 2002

Subsurface biobarrier technology has potential applications to contain contaminated groundwater and/or to degrade toxic pollutants in groundwater. Most biobarrier studies were conducted under aerobic condition, however there were several obstacles to make aerobic condition. Thus, In this study, we examined biobarrier formation under denitrifying condition by using nitrate as an electron acceptor. Experiments were performed with a sand column inoculated with activated sludge from the nearby WWTP. The substrate medium was pumped to the sand column in an upflow mode. During the low substrate loading rate period, the extent of reduction rate in hydraulic conductivity was found similar throughout the column, and permeability became relatively stable after couple of days. However, during the high substrate loading rate period, the column demonstrated a gradient of permeability reduction, with the greatest reduction in sections nearest the column inlet. Rapid growth of microorganisms near the column inlet resulted in the unbalanced reduction of hydraulic conductivity throughout the sand column. As a result, at this denitrifying condition the thickness of biobarrier could be controlled by adjusting the medium conditions of microbial growth.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.405-410
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• 2001

Bioremediation is a degradation process of existing organic contaminants in soils and groundwater by indigenous or inoculated microorganisms. This process can provide economical solution as well as safe and effective alternative in remediation technologies. However, it has been suggested that the rate of bioremediation process of organic contaminants by microorganisms can be limited by the concentration of nutrients and TEAs(Terminal Electron Accepters). In in-situ bioremediation, conventional pumping techniques have been used for supplying these additives. However, the injection of these additives is difficult in low permeable soils, and also hindered by preferential flow paths resulting from heterogeneities in high permeable ground. Therefore, the Injection of chemical additives is the most significant concern in in-situ bioremediation. Most recently, electrokinetic technique has been applied into the bioremediation and the injection characteristics under electrokinetics have not been examined in various soil types. Therefore, in this study, electrokinetic injection method is investigated in kaolinite and sand, and the concentration of ammonium(nutrients) and sulfate(TEAs) in soil is presented.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.314-317
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• 2003

The overall objective of the adsorption study of arsenic was to elucidate the ability of iron coated sand(ICS), synthesized in the laboratory, to remove arsenic from polluted waters. Batch tests were conducted to provide a relation between arsenic removal and iron content of ICSs. The ICS, developed in the laboratory by coating iron onto the surface of ordinary sand by a simple and easy process has proved as an effective medium for use in removal of arsenic from waters over a wide range of particle sizes of ICS. The composite media is inexpensive to prepare and could serve as the basis of a useful arsenic removal process in variety settings.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the liquefaction behaviour of saturated silty sand under monotonic loading conditions. The undrained soil tests were conducted using a modified triaxial cell and specimens were prepared using the moisture tamping method. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed at different confining pressures, void ratios and overconsolidation ratios and the samples were sheared to axial strains of about 20% to obtain monotonic loading conditions. It is shown that increasing confining pressures, void ratios and overconsoildation ratios increases the deviator stress, but it has no effect on increasing the dilatant tendencies. It is shown that complete static liquefaction was observed regardless of increases in the confining pressure, void ratio and overconsolidation ratio. Therefore, the confining pressure, void ratio and overconsoildation ratio does not provide significant effects on the liquefaction resistance of the silty sand. The presence of fines in the soil was shown to greatly increase the potential for static liquefaction and creates a particle structure with high compressibility for all cases.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1993

This study is to analyze both root growth and soil moisture extraction pattern during the growing period of upland crops with respect to soybean, redpepper, sesame. Field and lysimeter tests were conducted under 12 treatments of soil moisture level by the San Cristobal experimental design(1981) and 3 soil type(sand, sandy loam, silty loam) for 4 years('87-'90) at the experimental plot of Rural Development Administration located in Suwon. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1.For soybean, redpepper and sesame, root growth in dry soil was better than that in wet soil and it could be expressed as a sin function in terms of time. Maximum root depth was about 55cm, 44cm, 40cm respectively. 2.The average soil moisture extraction pattern for soybean, redpepper and sesame were 61.4%, 62.8%, 79.5% for zone l(0-l5cm). 25.5%, 27.1%, 18.3%, for zone 2(15-30cm).11.4%, 9.8%, 2.3% for zone 3(30-45cm), 1.7%, 0.3%, 0.04% for zone 4(45-60cm) respectively. This means that Zone 1 would be the dominant zone in irrigation scheduling. 3.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture extraction pattern(SMEP) was varied somewhat according to the erent maintenance of soil moisture level. The average SMEP for high maintenance of soil moisture was 46%, 29%, 17%, 8%, for middle maintenance of soil moisture was 43%, 29%, 17%, 11 % and for low maintenance of soil moisture was 40%, 28%, 20%, 12%, respectively. 4.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture in the upper layer was distinctly consumed more than that in the lower layer for clay loam soil and the soil moisture of all layers was consumed evenly for sand soil. The SMEP for sandy loam soil showed a middle result compared with the above 2 soil types.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.336-345
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• 2010

GS E&C was awarded the contract for the construction of Hanoi - Hai Phong Expressway Package EX-7 from Station Km 72+000 to Station Km 81+300 in December 2008. This project is the $7^{th}$ contract package of the 105.5 km long expressway near Hai Phong city, which includes a FCM-styled bridge along with high embankments over soft ground. For these high embankments, there is a need to treat the soft soil for improving the overall stability during construction and for reducing the post-construction settlement of the expressway. The Designer of this project had adopted four (4) different types of ground improvement techniques to treat the soft ground, including the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD), sand drains (SD), pack drains (PD, or sometimes called packed sand drains), and sand compaction piles (SCP). The main focus of soft soil treatment should be paid attention to the residual settlement after construction. In current design, however, it appeared that the secondary compression (or creep) of the improved soil layer and the consolidation settlement of the lower untreated compressible soil layer have been neglected in the estimation of the post-construction settlement. These uncalculated residual settlements may not only unsatisfy the design criteria but also raise serious problems during service period of this expressway. In this paper, the subsoil condition and current design were reviewed focusing on the employed soft soil treatment method and expected residual settlement.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호통권25호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

일반적으로 유동성 뒤채움재는 모래, 플라이애쉬, 물과 소량의 시멘트를 혼합하여 이용한다. 플라이애쉬는 재활용재료로서 최근에 재활용 활용도가 매우 높아, 이를 대체할 대체제로서 해양준설토를 이용하였다. 해양준설토를 이용한 유동성 뒤채움재의 특성을 비교하기 일반바다모래를 이용한 혼합물을 이용하였다. 해양준설토를 이용한 유동성 뒤채움재의 흐름특성, 경화특성 및 일축압축강도 특성을 평가하였다. 유동성 뒤채움재의 초기 공용성평가를 위해 최적의 배합비에서 3일 양생한 시료의 강도 특성을 이용하였다. 시간에 따른 유동성 뒤채움재의 점착력과 내부마찰각을 평가하였다. 또한 차량하중에 의한 침하량을 평가하기 위하여 크리프시험을 수행하였다. 이동용 FWD를 이용하여 혼합재료의 탄성계수를 역산하였다. 이러한 실험결과로부터 해양준설토를 이용한 유동성 뒤채움재의 공학적 특성은 도로하부 지하매설물용 뒤채움재로서 충분한 것으로 판단되었다.