• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-122
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• 2009

In this study, the authors developed typologies of failures and recovery strategies in healthcare services, adopting the research framework of Kelley et al.(1993), Hoffman, et al.(1995), and Forbes et al.(2005). Data were collected form a sample of 559 respondents recruited in several regions of Korea through self-administered questionnaires. Data collection was done at hospitals and clinics respondents were visiting. The study has identified typologies of 21 failures and 10 recovery strategies in health care services. Results shows that "insufficient explanation by doctors" was the most frequent service failure followed by "insincere attitude of administrative employees" and "insincere attitude of nurses. "The type of recovery (compensation) that most of the respondents have received was apology from the healthcare service providers while the recovery that most respondents wanted to receive was sufficient explanation, suggesting that there is a significant gap between what is wanted and what is offered. Implications for healthcare service providers as well as limitations of the current study were discussed. Directions for further research were also suggested.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

SPLITT 분획법(Split-flow thin cell fractionation, SF)은 입자성 물질이나 거대분자를 크기에 따라 연속적으로 분획할 수 있는 유용한 기술이다. SF에서는 얇은 리본 모양 채널의 입구와 출구에 존재하는 흐름분할기(flow stream splitter)에 의하여 시료의 분리가 이뤄진다. 대용량 중력장 FFD-SF 시스템(New large scale splitter-less FFD-SF system)은 흐름분할기를 사용하지 않고, 전액공급 모드(FFD mode) 로 작동하도록 디자인되었다. 전액공급 모드는 용매의 공급 없이 시료만을 채널 내로 주입함으로써 시료의 희석을 방지할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 산업용 polyurethane (PU)입자를 시료로 이용하여, FFD-SF 장치의 성능에 미치는 시료의 주입유속과 채널두께의 영향을 확인하였다. Carrier 용액으로는 시료간 응집과 박테리아 생성을 방지하기 위하여 0.1% FL-70와 0.02% sodium azide ($NaN_3$)를 함유하는 수용액을 사용하였다. 시료농도는 0.02% (wt/vol)로 고정, 주입 양은 4.2~7.2 L/hr, 채널두께는 $900{\sim}1300{\mu}m$의 범위에서 실험하였다. 분획효율(Fractionation efficiency, FE)은 optical microscopy (OM)을 사용하여 입자의 수를 확인하여 계산하였으며, 시료회수율(sample recovery)은 membrane filter를 이용하여 분획된 시료의 무게로부터 계산하였다. 채널두께가 두꺼울수록 fraction-a의 분획효율이 증가하였고, 유속이 증가할수록 fraction-b의 분획효율 증가하였다. 시료회수율은 평균 95%를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 새로운 splitter-less FFD-SF system은 다양한 마이크론 크기의 입자의 분획에 유용한 방법임을 보여준다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

Three types of experiments, based on the physical properties of oily sludge landfilled soil, were conducted to recover total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from the soil. These experiments included gravity separation, solvent extraction using water, and air floatation. The oil portion was not easily separated from the wet (raw) soil because water molecules aggregate the soil particles, despite the fact that the soil was sandy. However, the drying and grinding processes destroyed the aggregates, causing the TPH recovery to increase to approximately 60% when air floatation was used. The drying process decreased the specific gravity of the soil sample, thereby enhancing the overall recovery of TPH from the soil. Although thermal desorption and/or incineration are common choices for heavily dumped sites, physical separation can recover the oil portion instead of simply removing it.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2019

This paper is a study of recovery under load process of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). SFCL consists of five parallel-connected high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes additionally stabilized by stainless tape. Previously, HTS was heated by current pulse to simulate a short circuit in a power grid. During the cooling period, the current amplitude decreased to 23% or less of HTS critical current value, which is the simulation of network re-switching. When HTS with a polymer coating is cooled, temperature gradient on thermal insulation layer occurs, that prevents a boiling crisis and improves the heat sink into liquid nitrogen. Two samples are coated with a 30 ㎛ and 50 ㎛ polylactide (PLA) layers, reference sample has no polymer coating on it. Samples with a polymer coating show 3-5 times faster cooling than the reference one.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2024

Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and is associated with protracted recovery and worse outcomes after injury. This study compared PTSD prevalence using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with the prevalence of PTSD risk using the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS). Methods: Adult trauma patients at a level I trauma center were screened with the PCL-5 (sample 1) at follow-up visits or using the ITSS as inpatients (sample 2). Results: Sample 1 (n=285) had significantly fewer patients with gunshot wounds than sample 2 (n=45) (8.1% vs. 22.2%, P=0.003), nonsignificantly fewer patients with a fall from a height (17.2% vs. 28.9%, P=0.06), and similar numbers of patients with motor vehicle collision (40.7% vs. 37.8%, P=0.07). Screening was performed at a mean of 154 days following injury for sample 1 versus 7.1 days in sample 2. The mean age of the patients in sample 1 was 45.4 years, and the mean age of those in sample 2 was 46.1 years. The two samples had similar proportions of female patients (38.2% vs. 40.0%, P=0.80). The positive screening rate was 18.9% in sample 1 and 40.0% in sample 2 (P=0.001). For specific mechanisms, the positive rates were as follows: motor vehicle collisions, 17.2% in sample 1 and 17.6% in sample 2 (P>0.999); fall from height, 12.2% in sample 1 and 30.8% in sample 2 (P=0.20); and gunshot wounds, 39.1% in sample 1 and 80.0% in sample 2 (P=0.06). Conclusions: The ITSS was obtained earlier than PCL-5 and may identify PTSD in more orthopedic trauma patients. Differences in the frequency of PTSD may also be related to the screening tool itself, or underlying patient risk factors, such as mechanism of injury, or mental or social health.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001년도 The Asia-Pacific Conference on Reproductive Biology and Environmental Sciences
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• pp.171-174
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• 2001

Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), a solvent-free, rapid and inexpensive method for the extraction of organic compounds from aqueous sample matrices, was evaluated for determination of the 120 pesticides in vegetables such as crown daisy, perilla leaf, leafy lettuce and to mato. The analysis conditions were chosen for the SPME method: 15 min of immersion of the PDMS fiber in 10 ml of the solution with stirring at 1,000 rpm. The recovery tests were carried out in triplicate. The range of recoveries was 0-142% for organochlorine pesticides and $4.9\sim200\%$ for organophosphorus pesticides. The recoveries were very low in the pesticide groups with low solubility in water. The recoveries became lower in proportion to the interference materials in vegetables. The recovery in tomato was relatively higher than that in perilla Ie af and crown daisy. The recovery values obtained by SPE and SPME were compared. In leaf y lettuce, recovery obtained by SPE method ranged from $58.1\%\;to\;136.1\%$ and recovery by SPME ranged from $9.6\%\;to\;176.3\%$ In organophosphorus pesticides. The recovery in SPME method was satisfactory with $136\%$ for ethoprophos, $119\%$ for methidathion and $113\%$ for diazinon. Meanwhile, recovery of EPN, phenthoate and 2,4-DDT revealed relatively low value of $38\%,\;41\%\;and\;3.4\%,$ respectively. However, most of pesticides applied to SPME method sho wed constant recovery and precision. From these results, it can be concluded that solid phase micro-extraction might be an appropriate method for the screening test of pesticides in vegetables.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.442-446
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• 2009

충전제의 영향을 막기 위해 비보강 NR, BR, SBR 고무 가황물을 원형 변형시켜 노화시킨 후 회복 거동을 비교하였다. 시료는 상온, 50, 70, $90^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 노화시켰다. 측정 시간이 증가함에 따라 회복률은 증가하였다. 노화 후 측정 시간에 따른 회복률의 변화로부터 1.0 초 미만의 순간회복률을 구하였다. 상온 노화에서는 노화 기간이 짧아 고무 간의 회복률 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 50, 70, $90^{\circ}C$에서의 가속 노화 실험 결과에서는 각 고무 간의 회복률 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. BR의 회복률이 가장 우수하였고, SBR의 회복률이 가장 적었다. 그러나 $90^{\circ}C$ 가속 노화 에서는 NR의 회복률이 BR보다 높게 나타났다. 노화 온도가 높아 질수록 초기 회복률이 감소하였으며, 그 감소 폭은 SBR이 가장 크게 나타났다. 실험 결과는 고무의 반발 특성과 노화에 의한 가교밀도 변화로 설명하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.412-417
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• 1999

실리콘 웨이퍼 중의 금속 불순물을 유도결합플라스마-질량분석기(ICP-MS)로 분석하기 위한 시료의 전처리 방법으로 마이크로파 분해법과 산분해법을 비교하였다 $HNO_3$-HF 혼합용액을 실리콘 웨이퍼 시료에 가하고 마이크로파 분해법과 산분해법으로 용해시킨 후, 용액의 실리콘 매트릭스는 증발 용기 안에서 Si-F의 형태로 증발시켜 분석하였다. 실제 시료에 spike한 Ni, Cr 및 Fe의 회수율은 두 전처리 방법에서 95∼106%였다. Cu의 경우는 산분해법이 회수율이 더 좋았고, Zn의 경우는 마이크로파 분해법으로 전처리 한 경우의 회수율이 더 좋았다. Spin coater로 Fe를 오염시킨 실리콘 웨이퍼를 산분해법과 마이크로파 분해법으로 전처리하여 ICP-MS로 분석한 결과, Fe의 농도는 위의 두 전처리 방법에서 거의 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1997

Gulbi, salted and dried yellow corvenia, is a favorite diet food in Korea from the ancient times. A Few studies have dealt with sanitary concerns related to its products, while a number of investigators studied its taste compounds. This study attemps to establish the basic data for ensuring the safety of Gulbi. The contents of nitrate and nitrite were detected 1.2 and <0.1 mg/kg in raw sample, but their contents were detected 3.6~3.9 and 1.2~2.0 mg/kg during its processing and storage of Gulbi, respectively. TMAO contents decreased while betaine, TMA, DMA and formaldehyde increased in yellow corvenia during its processing and storage. Recovery from raw, salted, salt-dried and stored sample spiked with 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg for NDBA was 83.2~102.7% average 92.7%). N-nitrosamine such as NDMA, NDEA and NDPA was not detected in raw sample and drastically increased during Gulbi processing and storage. The levels of NDMA, NDEA and NDPA in Gulbi stored for 30 days were about 2.7,4.5 and 5.3 times higher than those in salted sample, respectively. Regardless of cooking methods, NDMA, NDEA and NDPA during cooking when sample were cooked using direct heating methods such as a gas and a briquet fire than when sample were cooked using indirect methods such as an microwave oven and a fried pan. Indirect cooking methods was effective to minimize the N-nitrosamine formation such as NDMA, NDEA and NDPA during cooking of Gulbi.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제5권
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• pp.131-147
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• 1996

This study was investigated to define effect of pretreatment of Oryungsan on hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rat. The experimental anmals were divided into normal group, control group, sample group, and sample group were divided sample1, sample2, sample3. Control group were injected diluted carbon tetrachloride and olive oil, $1m{\ell}/kg$ to intraperitoneal after 8th day. Sample group were injected Oryungsan water extracts, $0.33m{\ell}/kg/day$ to intraperitoneal of sample group1, $0.66m{\ell}/kg$ day to sample group2, $1.32m{\ell}/kg/day$ to sample group 3 each other for 7day, and injected the dosage of $CCl_4$ was $1.0m{\ell}/kg$ diluted 1 : 1 with olive oil after 8th day. The following results were made by observation GOT, GPT, Albumin, Globulin, Bile acid, hepatic tissue. 1. The serum GOT and GPT level of sample group were decreased. Sample group 1 were decreased significantly. 2. The serum A/G ratio of sample group was increased as compared with normaI group. 3. The serum bile acid of sample group was decreased significantly. 4. The destruction of hepatic tissue were repaired as compared with control group. These results demonstrated that oryungsan can be attributed to recovery from hepatotoxicity.