• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1988

Ionic strength 및 공존(共存) 음(陰)Ion($Cl^-$, $SO^{2-}\;_4$, $ClO^-\;_4$)이 Zeolite에 의(依)한 중금속(重金屬)의 흡착(吸着)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. Ionic strength별(別) Zeolite에 의(依)한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 흡착등온선(吸着等溫線)은 Freundlich 식(式)에 잘 부합(符合)되었다. Ionic strength가 증가(增加)할수록 중금속(重金屬)의 흡착량(吸着量)은 3종(種)의 서로 다른 음(陰)Ion이 공존(共存)하여도 모두 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. Background salt의 음(陰)Ion 종류별(種類別) 중금속(重金屬) 흡착량(吸着量)은 $ClO^-\;_4>SO^{2-}\;_4>Cl^-$의 순(順)이었으며 흡착평형용액내(吸着平衡溶液內)에서 음(陰)Ion은 Ligand로 작용(作用)하여 중금속(重金屬) Ion들과 Complex를 형성(形成)하는 능력(能力)에 차이(差異)가 있음이 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 양식어종으로 매우 부가가치가 높은 철갑상어의 영양성분 분석과 중간수분식품 개발을 위해 건조시 온도와 당 및 염 침지 조건에 따른 품질특성을 조사하였다. 철갑상어의 일반성분은 수분 73.2%, 단백질 19.9%, 지방 5.7%, 회분 1.1% 및 가용성 무질소물 0.1%였으며, 주요 무기성분으로는 K, P 및 Mg 으로 그 함량은 각각 317.70 mg/100 g, 259.88 mg/100 g 및 29.78 mg/100 g 순이었다. 주요 지방산으로는 oleic acid, palmitic acid 및 linoleic acid 였으며, 아미노산으로는 glutamic acid가 1,189.71 mg/100 g으로 가장 많았고, serine이 55.12 mg/100 g으로 가장 적은 함량을 보였다. 0, 0.5, 1, 2 및 3% 설탕 및 소금용액에 침지한 후 $40^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 철갑상어의 수분함량과 수분활성도를 측정한 결과 각각 $15.12{\sim}16.24%$ 및 $0.68{\sim}0.79$였다. 설탕 및 소금 첨가 농도를 달리하여 제조한 철갑상어 중간수분 식품의 관능검사를 실시한 결과 설탕과 소금의 농도를 3% 첨가한 시료에서 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 이와 같이 다량의 영양성분을 함유한 철갑상어를 이용하여 쥐치포, 꽁치포 및 육포와 같은 중간수분식품을 개발함으로써 연중 소비자가 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 장점을 부여하는 동시에 철갑상어를 이용한 타 가공품 개발에도 매우 큰 기여를 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 막 결합형 축전식 탈염공정의 단위셀의 단수를 늘려 적층된 10단 형태의 모듈을 설계하여 제작하였다. 아민기가 함유된 폴리설폰(APSf)과 술폰기가 함유된 폴리이서이서케톤(SPEEK)을 합성하였으며 캐스팅법으로 다공성 탄소전극에 코팅하여 제조하였다. 10단 모듈에 대하여 흡착전압 및 시간, 탈착전압 및 시간, 공급액의 유속과 농도 등의 운전 조건과 $CaSO_4$, $MgCl_2$ 등의 2가 이온 용액과 수도수에 대하여 염 제거효율을 측정하였다. 대표적으로 NaCl 100 mg/L의 공급액을 사용하였을 때, 유속 100 mL/min, 흡착조건 1.2 V/3 min, 탈착조건 -0.5 V/5 min에서 98.3%의 염 제거효율을 보였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2008

전기방사법으로 이온염을 함유하는 TFE/증류수 혼합용매를 이용하여 젤라틴 나노섬유를 제조하였으며, 얻어진 나노섬유의 평균직경은 $110{\sim}125\;nm$였다. 이온염의 농도가 증가할수록 비드의 발생이 줄어들고 균일한 나노섬유 제조가 가능하였다. 이는 이온염의 첨가에 의한 젤라틴 용액의 점도 및 전도도가 증가함에 기인하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 일가이온보다 이가이온을 사용할 경우 점도 및 전도도의 증가에 더 효과적이었으며 이들 이온염은 분자간 소수성 상호작용뿐만 아니라 젤라틴 분자의 입체구조 정렬에도 영향을 주었다. 그러나 이온염 농도에 따른 나노섬유의 직경변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 제조된 나노섬유를 이용한 XRD분석 결과 이온염의 농도가 증가할수록 젤라틴 분자의 재결정화에 의해 나노섬유의 결정화도가 높아졌다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2001

Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is more salt tolerant than mungbean (Vigna radiata). This study was initiated to know whether the accumulation pattern of mineral ions in different plant parts plays a significant role in the differences in salt tolerance between the two Vigna species. Different mineral ions, viz. N, Cl, Na, K, Mg and Ca in different organs of two varieties of each of blackgram- Barimash-l (susceptible one) and Barimash-2 (tolerant one), and mungbean-Barimung-3 (tolerant one) and Barimung-4(susceptible one), were analyzed after growing with 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl solutions. The two crops showed a decreased but similar pattern of total N accumulation under saline conditions. The tolerant variety of both the crops showed a less reduction in total N than the susceptible one. Leaves showed the maximum while stem the minimum N, irrespective of levels of salinity. C $l^{[-10]}$ and N $a^{+}$ accumulation increased with the increasing salinity levels. Interestingly, similar to a halophyte, the salt tolerant blackgram exhibited conspicuously higher amount of N $a^{+}$ in the shoot than the salt-susceptible mungbean. However, the tolerant varieties showed less amount of N $a^{+}$ than the susceptible one, especially in blackgram. Seeds of both Vigna spp. accumulated the minimum amount of N $a^{+}$ than other plant parts. $K^{+}$ accumulation decreased by salinity in most of the plant parts, except seeds. Blackgram showed larger reduction in K than mungbean. The $Mg^{++}$ increased in leaves, petioles and stem by salinity while decreased in the roots, podshells and seeds in both the crops. Salinity increased $Ca^{++}$ accumulation in all plant-parts except roots of both Vigna spp. Apparently, the leaves of mungbean accumulated higher concentration of $Ca^{++}$ than blackgram. Varietal differences in the accumulation pattern of $K^{+}$, $Mg^{++}$ and $Ca^{++}$ were not clear. It was concluded that blackgram, presumably, possesses a similar salt tolerance mechanism to halophyte, and the pattern of accumulation of mineral ions in blackgram and mungbean was not fully ascribed to the differences in salinity tolerance between the two Vigna species.gna species.ies.s.ies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2002

The effects of enzyme inhibitors and penetration enhancers on the permeation of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its synthetic analog, [${D-ala}^2$]-leucine enkephalinamide (YAGFL) across the nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were evaluated. Enzyme inhibitors and penetration enhancers employed for Leu-Enk permeation study were amastatin(AM), thimerosal(TM) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA), and sodium taurodihydrofusidate (STDHF). Those for YAGFL permeation study were TM, benzalkonium chloride(BC) and EDTA, and STDHF, sodium deoxycholate(SDC), sodium glycholate(SGC), glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAA), L-$\alpha$-Iysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) and mixed micelle (MM, STDHF: linoleic acid = 15 mM : 5 mM). The addition of TM alone on the donor and receptor solutions for Leu-Enk permeation study across all the three kinds of mucosae failed to inhibit the degradation; it completely degraded in 6 hrs, and no permeation occurred. However, with addition of three kinds of inhibitors together, the fluxes across nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were $\20.7{pm}2.5$>/TEX>,$\0.3{pm}0.05$>/TEX> and $\1.4{pm}0.5$ $\mu$\mid$textrm{m}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, respectively. Moreover, the addition of STDHF in the presence of the above three inhibitors enhanced permeation across nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae 1.3, 15 and 1.3 times, respectively. YhGFL also degraded in the donor and receptor solutions rapidly as time went. With mixed inhibitors of TM and EDTA, the percents of YAGFL remaining in the donor solutions facing nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were 69.7, 69.8 and 79.8%, respectively; the percent permeated increased to 10, 2.1 and 5.7%, respectively. The addition of STDHF in the presence of either BC/EDTA or TW/EDTA increased the permeation 2.2, 11.0 and 2.9 times, and 2.21, 14.0 and 2.7 times for nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae, respectively. With SDC, SGC, GAA, LPC ud MM in the presence of TM/EDTA increased permeation; especially, they increased permeation across vaginal mucosae effectively, and the enhancement factors were 12.5, 7.6, 8.7, 5.7 and 5.5, respectively. The degradation extent of YAGFL was correlated with protein concentrations in the epidermal and serosal extracts. The flux of YAGFL across nasal mucosa increased dose-dependently.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1996

$CaGa_1-xFexO_3-y$계의 x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75 및 1.00에 해당하는 고용체를 $1150^{\circ}C$, 대기압하에서 제조하였다. X-선 회절분석, Mohr염 정정, Mossbauer 분광분석을 수행하여 합성된 고용체들의 구조, 비화학량론적 화학식 및 양이온들의 분포를 결정한 후 전기전도도와 자기측정을 수행하여 물성에 관한 논의를 하였다. X-선 회절분석으로부터 얻은 모든 조성의 결정계는 브라운밀러릿 사방정계이다. 환산 격자부피는 단위세포의 차원이 다른 X=0.25의 조성을 제외하고 x값이 증가함에 따라 직선성을 가지고 증가한다. Mohr염분석 결과 고용체들은 $Fe^{4+}$ 이온을 포함하지 않고 산소공위의 몰수인 y값은 0.50으로 고정된 값을 가진다. Mossbauer 분광분석으로부터 Fe 이온의 산화상태, 배위상태, 브라운밀러릿 구조 및 $Ga^{3+}$와 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온의 분포를 논의하였다. 전기전도도와 활성화에너지는 x값이 증가함에 따라 각각 증가와 감소하고 이들로부터 전자 전기전도 메커니즘을 제안한다. x=0.50~1.00의 조성을 냉각하면서 자기측정을 수행할 때 열적 자기 히스테리시스가 나타나며 이러한 현상을 공간군과 Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya 상호작용을 기초로 논의하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2013

This work focused on galvanic corrosion of carbon steel bolted GECM/Al plates by long-term test in tap water and NaCl solutions. Test product was carbon steel bolted between cross packed GECM and painted aluminium. Tests for the product and coupled parts determined corrosion rate in tap water and NaCl solutions. Also, using a potentiostat and salt water sprayer, galvanic test was done. In galvanic test on carbon steel bolted GECM/Al plates, corrosion of carbon steel bolt was faster in series of tap water>1% NaCl solution>3.5% NaCl solution. In galvanic couple between aluminium and carbon steel bolt, their corrosion rates were higher than those of single specimen. In galvanic couple between GECM, aluminium, and carbon steel bolt, corrosion behaviors of carbon steel bolt and aluminium were changed due to different corrosion mechanism in tap water and chloride solution.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2003

Phloxine B (2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein disodium salt), also referred as D&C red dye no. 28, is phototoxic to many insects such as Tephritidae fruit flies. Sunlight photolysis of phloxine B in aqueous solutions was a first order kinetic reaction at low concentrations. But it turned to be more complex reactions with the increase of phloxine B concentration. The half-lives of phloxine B (6-120 ${\mu}$M) were 18-41 and 52-289 hours in oxygenated and deaerated distilled water, respectively. The photolysis rate constants increased as the phloxine B concentrations increased. The singlet oxygen formation positively correlated with the concentrations of phloxine B and humic acid in oxygenated distilled water. The formation of singlet oxygen did not stop even after the complete degradation of phloxine B, which suggested an involvement of photoproduct-mediated reactions. The results showed that singlet oxygen mediated photooxidation was a dominant reaction for phloxine B dissipation in an aqueous solution, and the self-sensitized and photoproduct-mediated reactions were also involved at the higher concentrations. Iodide and bromide ions significantly decreased phloxine B photolysis rate constants, which were in relation to the decrease of singlet oxygen formation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.321-324
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• 1996

Sr1+xSm1-xFeO4-y solid solutions with a composition range 0.00 ≤x≤1.00 have been prepared at 1200 ℃ in air under normal atmospheric pressure. All the solutions exhibit the K2NiF4-type structure of tetragonal system. Mohr salt analysis shows that the mole ratio of Fe4+ ion to Fe3+ ion or the τ value increases with the x value. Nonstoichiometric chemical formulas have been formulated from the x, τ, and y values. Electrical conductivity was measured in the temperature range of 173-373 K under atmospheric air pressure. The conductivities of each sample are varied within the semiconductivity range. The conductivity at constant temperature increases steadily with x value and activation energies are varied from 0.14 to 0.32 eV. The conduction mechanism of the ferrite system may be proposed as a hopping model of conduction electrons between the mixed valence states. The Mossbauer spectrum for the composition of x=0.00 shows a six line pattern by which the existence of Fe3+(I.S.=0.32 mm/sec) can only be identified. The spectra for the compositions of x=0.50 and 1.00 presents broad single line patterns showing a mixed valence state.