• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.727-738
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• 1999

Total 76 aerosol samples were collected at Sungsan in Cheju Inland by high volume air sample for 1 year, from May 1995 to April 1996, and were analyzed for major elements(Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe) and trace elements(Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, U) by ICP/AES and ICP/MS. This study aims to determine the concentrations of trace metals and their seasonal variations in the atmosphere of Cheju Island, where is the remote area from pollution sources and also is the midway of transport of Asian continental materials into the western North Pacific. The concentrations of Na and Mg contributed by sea-salt aerosols were similar to those in the western part of Cheju island(Kosan) and in the western coast of Korea(Mallipo). They showed the highest value in summer and the lowest in spring and winter. Crustal metals(Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Co, U) were 2~3 times lower than those of Mallipo. These metals showed the lowest values in summer and the highest in spring. Pollution-derived metals (Zn, Cd and Pb) were 2~4 times lower than those in Malipo. Some elemental ratios in aerosols grouped by three wind directions(north-northwest, east, and south-southwest) such as Fe/Al and Pb/Zn are presented as useful tracers indicating source areas, and their differentiation may be explained by geology and fuel types of source areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.719-731
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• 2003

In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The receptor methods were one of the statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. Also, receptor methods, a field of chemometrics, is based on manifold applied statistics and is a statistical methodology that analyzes the physicochemical properties of gaseous and particulate pollutant on various atmospheric receptors, identifies the sources of air pollutants, and quantifies the apportionment of the sources to the receptors. The objective of this study was 1) after obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources of air at the study area were qualitatively identified and the contributions of each source were quantitatively estimated as well. 2) finally efficient air pollution management and control strategies of each source were suggested. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM-10 aerosols, the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided quantitative source contributions (scaled G matrix) and source profiles (scaled F matrix). The results of the PMF modeling showed that the sources were apportioned by secondary aerosol related source 28.8 ％, soil related source 16.8％, waste incineration source 11.5%, field burning source 11.0%, fossil fuel combustion source 10%, industry related source 8.3％, motor vehicle source 7.9%, oil/coal combustion source 4.4％, non-ferrous metal source 0.3％. and aged sea- salt source 0.2％, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate characteristics of water quality factors by using survey results of national marine environmental monitoring system from 2004 to 2010 at coastal area of the East Sea of Korea. In this study, we chose statistical methods to analyze the correlation among water quality parameters and principal component analysis for characteristics of each water environment. In addition to this, we evaluated each water's pollution level based on eutrophication standard of OECD, Eutrophication Index(EI), and Organic Pollution Index(OPI). Major factors were chlorophyll a and salt according to the analysis at coastal area of the East Sea. The sea was divided into the south and the central part by Jukbyeon. Also, Jukbyeon in the central part of the East Sea and Gampo in the southern sea coastal waters have been classified separately. The nutritional status of coastal area of East Sea presented Mesotrophic to Oligotrophic level and EI showed less than 1. OPI in all of the coastal area at the East Sea represented that the water quality condition was favorable.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2003

P $M_{2.5}$ fine particles have been collected at the Cosan measurement station in Jeju Island, and the major water-soluble components have been analyzed in order to Investigate the aerosol compositions and pollution characteristics. The mean concentrations of the components were in the order of S $O_4$$^{2-}$> N $H_4$$^{+}$> N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ > N $a^{+}$> $K^{+}$>C $l^{[-10]}$ >C $a^2$$^{+}$>M $g^2$$^{+}$. The major components were S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , whose compositions were 58％, 18％ and 10％ of the total ions, respectively. Most of the components showed higher concentrations in spring season, and especially $Ca^2$$^{+}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ concentrations were increased 2.8, 1.9 and 1.2 times higher than the annual mean concentrations. The most parts of S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ were distributed in fine particles below 2.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ size, but the $Ca^2$$^{+}$, N $a^{+}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ showed relatively higher concentrations in coarse particles. Based on the factor analysis, the P $M_{2.5}$ fine particles were considered to be largely influenced by anthropogenic sources, and followed by sea salt and soil sources. In the variations of concentrations as a function of wind direction, most components have shown higher concentrations notably as the northwesterly prevails.thwesterly prevails.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.72-83
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• 1989

Twenty-five atmospheric particulates were collected using a high volume aerosol sampler from Septermber to December, 1988 on a site located on the West coast of Korea and analysed for twelve elements (Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Pb) by AAS. The particles being mainly crustal minerals, large quantity of spherical fly ashes were also observed. In order to identify the origin of trace metals in atmospheric particulates, enrichment factor, interelemental correlation and factor analysis were performed. Based upon these analysis, the twelve elements can be classified into three groups; the elements dominantly present in soil particles (Al, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), those in sea salt aerosols (Na and Mg), and those in air pollution-derived particles (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag and Zn).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The coastal waters and the adjacent coastal lands strongly influenced by each other and includes islands, transitional and intertidal ares, salt marshes wetlands and beaches. We focus on the coastal zone because of its unique geographical characteristics, Its ecological and economic importance, and the increasing pressures on its integrity. Our coastal zone have been controlled individually about 50 of a different kind of laws, as a result, to reach an individual purpose of the laws, people have developed the coastal zone without considering environmental condition, which brought about ecological destruction, pollution and devastation of the coastal areas. Finally, In 1999, the Coastal Management Act and the Wetlands Conservation Act were established and hereafter the environmental concern has been increased. They will be an important role to preserve our environment of coastal zone. Here I will examine the Laws concerned with environmental management of coastal zone and indicate immanent problems of it. So, I expect that problems will be improved one by one through this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

In this study, the flexural experiment was conducted to propose the one-way composite slab system composed of concrete and GFRP-Deckplate by comparing with the composite deck slab system with bar-mesh As a result of experiment, the specimens of the proposed GFRP-Deck composite slab were better than the specimens for comparison in the flexural performance. It is effective for the building structures exposed to air pollution or salt.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.355-360
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• 1999

Polymer cement is made by the modifying ordinary cement concrete with polymer additive. Until now polymer cement concrete is not used for the structural member, but it is growing to be considered as developing uses such as a waterproof of roof slab, the structural member for protecting corrosion, and a road pavement. The plymer cement concrete, being used for those uses, is superior to the cement concrete against the inorganic, organic acid, salt of acetic acid and organic solvents generally. In this paper, the polymer cement concrete was made by the ratio of 1:1 of sands and tailing in fine aggregate in order to solve the environmental pollution which causes the social problem by the tailing, It was measured for the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chemicals resistance was tested by dealing with 10% HCI, 20% NaOH and 10% NaCl aqueous solution.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.864-874
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• 2007

Suspension insulator in Catenary Trolley Wire Systems must have two characteristics, electric insulation and mechanical endurance. Because suspension insulator is used in supporting and insulating position between power supply parts and earth conducted supporting parts. The insulator's electric characteristics can be influenced by surface pollution and damage from the environment such as humidity, dust, smoke, salt. etc. And, the insulating parts can be electrically short. These electrically damaged insulator can cause serious accidents that have far-reaching effect. So appropriate management basis of suspension insulator is needed. And we present appropriate cleaning and the changing period of suspension insulator on the basis of actual data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2006

This paper describes mechanical and electric properties of ACSR $410\;mm^2$ conductor from many of older overhead conductor. Samples of conductors itemized two division according to operation sector, green area, salt and pollution area. Samples of conductors operated various environment conditions have undergone laboratory metallurigical investigation and tensile strength torsional ductility and electrical performance. The steel core were found to have retained their original properties to a large degree in both tensile strength and the number of turns to failure. On the other hand the aluminum conductor showed reductions in tensile strength. To determine the remaining useful life of aged conductor, an unacceptable deterioration level has to established for each diagnostic procedure.