• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.585-601
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of blood-and saliva-contamination during dentin pretreatment procedure on tensile bond strength, and to investigate the effect of contaminant-removing treatments on the recovery of bond strength of dentin bonding agents. Dentin specimens prepared from freshly extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth were divided into non-contaminated control and contaminated experimental groups. The specimens of the contaminated group were contaminated with saliva or blood after etching or priming procedure, followed by contaminant-removing treatments. All the specimens were bonded with All Bond$^{(R)}$ 2 dentin bonding agent and Bisfil$^{TM}$ composite resin or Scotchbond$^{TM}$ Multipurpose and Z100. After all the bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, tensile bond strengths were measured. The contaminated dentin and fractured dentin surfaces were examined under the scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Contaminated specimens showed lower bond strength than non-contaminated ones regardless of the kind of contaminant, contamination time and contaminant-removing treatments, except specimens which were acid-etched following saliva contamination after etching in All Bond$^{(R)}$ 2 groups (p<0.05). Blood contaminant resulted in much bond strength decrease than saliva ones (p<0.01), and contamination after priming resulted in much decrease in bond strength than after etching (p<0.01). Re-etching resulted in increase of bond strength in the specimens contaminated with saliva after etching but not in blood contaminated ones. Re-priming resulted in increase of bond strength in the specimens contaminated after priming regardless of the kind of contaminant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.383-397
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of artificial saliva contamination on bonding of several dentin adhesives to dentin. Sixty - three human molar teeth extracted within a month were used. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction to obtain 126 specimens. These specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were treated by Scotchbond 2, Gluma and All bond. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups; normal group not contaminated with artificial saliva, contaminated with artificial saliva and dried group, and contaminated with artificial saliva and washed and dried group. Enamel/dentin bonding agent(Dental Adhesive of Scotchbond 2) was applied and light cured on the treated dentin surfaces. Thereafter P - 50 were cured on them, and specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ artificial saliva for 24 hours before measuring shear bond strength. Shear bond strengths were determined using an universal testing machine with cross head speed 1mm/min and SEM examinations were conducted to evaluate the resin - dentin interface and degree of penetrating resin string into the dentinal tubules. The following results were obtained. 1. Normal groups not contaminated with artificial saliva showed greater shear bond strength than any other group contaminated with artificial saliva(P<0.01). 2. The shear bond strengths showed no significant difference between washed groups with distilled water and not washed groups after contamination with artificial saliva(P>0.05). 3. In normal groups, the shear bond strength of A group was significantly greater than in any other group(P<0.01). 4. In Sand G groups, fractures after shear bond strength tests occured adhesively on resintooth interface in all specimens. But in A groups, fracture of the normal group occured cohesively in dentin and fracture of the contaminated groups occured adhesively and cohesively. 5. On SEM examination, the number of resin strings penetrated into dentinal tubules were the greatest in normal groups, followed by, in descending order, washed groups and not washed groups after contamination with artificial saliva.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

이 연구는 타액오염이 발생한 시기와 타액오염 제거 방법이 레진강화형 글라스아이오노머의 상아질에 대한 결합력에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 각 군당 10개씩 총 60개의 발거된 영구치 상아질 표면을 노출시켜 아크릴 레진에 매몰하였다. I군은 대조군으로 폴리아크릴산(PAA)으로 산처리만 시행하였다. II, III군은 PAA 산처리 전 타액오염을 시켰고 IV, V, VI군은 PAA 산처리 후 타액오염을 시켰다. 타액오염 후 II군과 IV군은 건조하였고 III군과 V군은 수세 후 건조하였으며 VI군은 추가적으로 PAA 산처리하였다. 그 후 레진강화형 글라스아이오노머를 충전하였다. 전단결합강도는 만능 재료 시험기로 측정하였고 파절 양상은 주사전사현미경으로 관찰하였다. 대조군인 I군이 유의하게 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다(p = 0.001). 타액오염을 시행한 군들 중에서는 VI군이 유의하게 높은 전단강도를 보였다(p = 0.001). 파절양상은 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p = 0.729). 타액오염은 발생한 시기와 상관없이 레진강화형 글라스아이오노머의 상아질에 대한 결합력을 유의하게 저하시켰다(p = 0.001). 수세와 건조만으로는 전단결합강도를 회복하지 못했다. PAA 산처리 후 타액오염이 발생한 경우 추가적인 PAA 산처리가 전단결합강도를 유의하게 향상시켰다(p = 0.001).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 브라켓 부착 시 Conventional primer (CP), Moisture insensitive primer (MIP), Self-etching primer (SEP)을 사용하였을 때의 전단결합강도를 비교하고, 타액 오염 여부와 타액 오염의 시기가 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 총 135개의 소의 하악 절치가 연구에 사용되었다. 시편은 I, II, III 3개의 군으로 나누어 CP, MIP, SEP를 사용하여 브라켓을 부착하였다. 각 군은 3개의 하위군으로 나누어져서 타액 오염이 없는 군, 타액 오염 후 프라이머를 도포한 군, 프라이머 도포 후 타액 오염이 있는 군으로 설정하고 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 건조한 환경에서 전단결합강도는 CP, MIP, SEP의 순서로 높게 나타났다. CP는 타액 오염이 있는 경우에는 유의한 전단결합강도의 저하를 보였다. MIP, SEP를 사용한 경우에는 프라이머 도포 전 후 타액 오염이 있는 경우에 약간의 전단결합강도의 저하를 보였지만, 건조한 환경에서와 비교하여 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 브라켓 접착 시 타액의 격리가 힘든 상황에서는 MIP 또는 SEP의 사용이 브라켓 전단결합강도의 저하를 방지하기 위하여 유용할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2000

This study was investigated to compare the bond strength of polysulfide adhesive between tray resin and border molding materials and to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on them. We made the 135 resin tray secimens with a dimension of $1{\times}1{\times}1cm$ and divided them into 3 groups by the materials 1) Quicky group, 2) Compound group, and 3) Impregum group Each group was subdivided by saliva contimination. Group S1 : applied adhesive without saliva contamination Group S2 : applied adhesive after drying 15seconds after saliva contamination Group S3 : applied adhesive no after saliva contamination. Tensile tests were performed with a Universal Load testing machine. Results showed Impregum group significantly higher bond strength than Quicky group, but there was no significant difference in adhesive bond strength between Compound group and Quicky group in experimental group by materials In experimental group by saliva contamination, S1 group is significantly higher bond strength than S2 group and S2 group is significantly higher bond strength than S3 group in Quicky group and S1, S2 group is significantly higher bond strength than S3 group in Compound group and Impregum group. Impression compound and Impregum F which are usually used as an individual tray border mold-ing material can be said to be satisfied in adhesive bond strength to polysulfide impression materials. After try-in and clinical adjustment are performed, a custom tray should be properly rinsed and air dried before tray adhesive was placed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2004

Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) associated antigen is a subfraction of TA-4, a tumor-associated antigen first described by Kato and Torigoe in 1977. TA-4, obtained from squamous cell carcinoma cancer tissue of the uterine cervix, has been characterized as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 45,000 daltons. SCC antigen has been studied in other squamous cell malignancies including lung, esophagus, head and neck, anal canal, and skin. SCC antigen is shed naturally through sweat, saliva and other body fluids. Contamination of specimens, tray, bead dispenser or other accessories with sweat, saliva or aerosols can cause falsely elevated values. To reduce the possibility of contamination, gloves should be worn in all phases of assay preparation, and when handling specimens, accessories or reagents that will be used in SCC and Thyroid function test(TFT).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1993

Autopolymerising and visible light cured resin are used to reline dentures. But relined surface are easily contaminated by water or saliva in the mouth during clinical procedure. This study was to find out the effect of surface contamination on the transverse strength of the relined denture base. To accomplish this, the specimens of $65\times10\times3mm$ were made with heat-cured(Lucitone 199), visible light-cured(Triad), and autopolymerizing resin(Kooliner). Measurements of transverse strength were taken for each specimen. Specimens made of heat-cured resins, sizing $65\times10\times1.5mm$, were relined with heat-cured, light-cured, and autopolymerizing resin, respectively. Specimens relined with autopolymerizing and light-cured resins were further classified into not-contaminated, water-contaminated and saliva-contaminated groups. Again, measurements of the transverse strength were taken for each group. The results were as follows 1. The transverse strength of heat-cured resin was superior to all the other resins. 2. The transverse strength of each specimen decreased after relining in the following order, heat-cured, visible light-cured, and autopolymerizing resin. 3. Surface contamination produced an decrease in transverse strength, especially in the saliva contaminated group. According to these results, water or saliva contamination should be avoided during intraoral relining procedures.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

Purpose. Implant mechanical complications, including screw loosening, can influence dental implant success. It has been shown that torque values are affected by contamination occurred in implant-abutment (I/A) interface. This study aimed to examine the effects of blood, saliva, fluoride and chlorhexidine contamination on reverse torque values (RTVs) of abutment screws in oral conditions. Materials and Methods. 50 fixtures were mounted into the stainless-steel holders and divided into five groups (n = 10). Except control group (NC), fixture screw holes in other groups were contaminated with chlorhexidine (CG), saliva (SG), blood (BG), or fluoride (FG). Abutment screws were tightened with a digital torque meter. I/A assemblies were subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading. The mean RTVs were recorded and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results. Except for specimens in SG (20.56 ± 1.33), other specimens in BG (21.11 ± 1.54), CG (22.89 ± 1.1) and FG (24.00 ± 1.12) displayed significantly higher RTVs compared to NC (19.00 ± 1.87). The highest RTVs were detected in CG and FG. Conclusion. The obtained data robustly suggest that RTVs were significantly affected by fluid contaminations. Specimens in FG and CG displayed the highest RTVs. Therefore, clinicians should have enough knowledge about probable contaminations in I/A interface in order to manage them during clinical procedure and to inform patients about using oral care products.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 유치에서 한 단계 자가부식 접착제를 이용한 레진수복 시 타액오염 후 처치과정에 따른 미세인장강도를 비교하는 것이다. 건전한 유구치를 접착제 사용에 따라 각각 $Scotchbond^{TM}$ Universal Adhesive (SBU), All-Bond $Universal^{(R)}$ (ABU), and $Tetric^{(R)}$ N Bond Universal (TBU)의 3 그룹으로 나누어 무작위로 분배하였다. 각 그룹은 접착제 도포 후 처치과정에 따라 7가지 하위분류로 나누었다. Subgroup I은 대조군으로써, 타액오염 없이 제조사 권고사항에 따라 접착제를 적용하였다. Subgroup II - IV는 접착제 광중합 전에 타액오염을 시행하였고, subgroup V - VII는 접착제 광중합 후에 타액오염을 시행하였다. 그 후 subgroup II, V는 건조, subgroup III, IV는 수세 후 건조, subgroup IV, VII는 수세 후 건조, 그리고 접착제 재도포를 시행하였다. SBU와 ABU에서 subgroup I, IV, VII의 미세인장강도가 subgroup II, III, V, VI의 미세인장강도보다 유의하게 높았다. TBU에서 subgroup I, IV의 미세인장강도가 subgroup II, III, V, VI의 미세인장강도보다 유의하게 높았다. 이 연구 결과, 임상가는 한 단계 자가부식 접착제를 이용한 레진 수복 시 타액과 수분의 오염으로부터 철저하게 격리를 지켜야 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 타액오염이 발생하였다면, 수세 및 건조 후 접착제를 재도포할 것을 권장한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of saliva contamination on the resin bonding of the etched metal retainers. The test samples were made of Verabond, and divided into 3 groups. Retainers in group1 had normally etched metal surfaces. Retainers in group2 had normally etched metal surfaces which were saliva-contaminated for 30 seconds and cleaned with streaming, luke-warm for 1 minute and dried thoroughly. Retainers in group3 had normally etched metal surfaces which were saliva- contaminated for 30 seconds and dried thoroughly without water-cleansing. Each 3 group specimen was watched on SEM. A resin core, 5mm in diameter and 6mm in length, was made of Panavia using Teflon mold on the each specimen. These 3 groups were tested to evaluate shear bond strength, using universal testing machine. The results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength showed no significant difference between group1 and group2. 2. The shear bond strength showed significant difference between group1 and group3. 3. The shear bond strength significant difference between group2 and group3. 4. Scanning electron microscope photographs of group1 and group2 showed no signs of contamination but of group3 showed somewhat contaminated.