• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.329-338
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• 1991

From July 1985 to December 1986, 28 variables of phycal-chemical factors, bacteria and heterotrophic activity were investigated 17 times at 3 stations in the estuary of Naktong River and the influences of environmental factors to bacterial population and heterotrophic activity were analyzed through multiple regression. The results of multiple regression were as follows. At station 1, total bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria(Z-25) could explain 57% of the variation of maximum uptake velocity for glucose and 54% of turnover time for glucose was explained by total coliform bacteria and MBOD, Sixty four percent of the variation of Kt+SN was accounted for salinity, MBOD-N and inorganic phosphate. Turnover rate for acetate was also accounted for the change of MBOD-P by 56%. At station 2 maximum uptake velocity for glucose depends on MBOD-N by 81%; turnover time on bacteria by 50%; Kt+Sn on avilable nutrient by 61%. More than 50% of maximum uptake velocity and turnover time for glucose were influenced by bacteria and that of Kt+Sn by the change of nutrient in the surface water of station 3. In the bottom water of station 3, the change of maximumuptake velocity, turnover time and Kt+Sn for glucose was controlled by total bacteria and available nutrient, bacteria, the change of nutrient salts respectively. On the whole, more than 50% of maximum uptake velocity and turnover time for glucose could be due to the change in the number of bacetria and the value of Kt+Sn was affected by the change of nutrient salts. Turnover rate for acetate was controlled by available phosphate at station 1 and by bacteria at station 2 and 3, which showed a distinct difference between the environmental factors which govern the rate of glucose and acetate uptake in the Naktong esturine ecosystem. And bacterial communities were controlled by available nutrients at station 1, by nutrient salts and salinity at station 2 and in the surface water of station 3 and by salinity in the bottom water of station 3.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권3호통권117호
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• pp.352-365
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• 2006

본 연구는 간척호 조성 초기 단계에 있는 화옹호를 대상으로 수환경의 변화를 파악하고자 2002년 6월부터 2006년 1월까지 수행하였다. 화옹호는 해양환경을 담수화시키는 과정에 있으므로 다양한 환경요인 중에서 강수량, 수온 및 염분도의 월 변동을 중심으로 하였다. 수온의 범위와 평균값은 각각 $-0.7{\sim}33.4^{\circ}C$, $13.6^{\circ}C$이었다. 상류부의 수온은 봄철${\sim}$여름철과 여름철${\sim}$가을철로 전이될때 빠르게 증가 또는 감소하였으나 하천 유입량이 많은 시기에는 일시적으로 다소 급감하는 현상을 보이기도 하였다. 반면에, 겨울철에는 상류부 저층의 경우 표층이나 하류부보다 수온이 다소 높은 양상을 보이기도 하였다. 염분의 범위와 평균값은 각각 0.3${\sim}$32.3 psu, 25.3 psu이었다. 염분은 수층에 따른 상하 수직적 차이가 현저하여 중층과 저층보다 표층에서 증감 변동이 매우 심하였다. 남양천이 유입되는 상류부의 저층을 제외하고는 전 정점에서 현격한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이것은 저수지내 염분의 수직적 구배가 뚜렷하게 유지되고 있음을 의미하였다. 염분은 여름철 강우기에 해당하는 6${\sim}$10월에 변동폭이 매우 컸고, 표층의 경우 저염수가 상류에서 하류로 확장되는 현상이 뚜렷하였다. 이 시기에 표층의 수색은 황토색으로서 하천으로부터 유입 후 공급 이동된 저염수의 탁수층(turbidity plume)으로 뒤덮는 양상이 전개되었다. 저수지내 수온의 상 ${\cdot}$ 하 차이에 대한 범위는 $-10.6{\sim}9.7^{\circ}C$이었다 또한, 표층과 저층의 염분 차이는 $-27.1{\sim}30.0$ psu 범위이었다. 염분 농도의 차이가 큰 경우는 담수의 유입량이 크거나 배수갑문의 조작에 의한 해수유입이 많은 상태에서 나타났다. 수온과 염분의 관계는 음의 상관성을 보여, 즉 수온이 높을수록 염분 농도가 낮은 특성을 보였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2001

금강하구언에서 낙조동안 인위적으로 방류된 담수의 하구 내 거동을 파악하고자 1997년 5월과 1998년 7월에 각각 수로방향으로 설정된 3개 지점에서 표층 염분변화를 관측하였으며, 1999년 7월에는 군산-장항간 도선항로를 따라 18일간 표층염분과 수온을 관측하였다. 관측된 염분변화의 특징으로부터 방류된 담수가 하구 내에서 거동${\cdot}$소멸하는 과정을 분석하였다. 담수가 방류되면 저염수는 하구 폭 전반에 걸친 강한 염분전선을 형성하며 담수거동은 기본적으로 조석운동에 동조되어 수로를 따라 왕래하고, 이 전선의 통과로 염분은 급격한 변화를 보인다. 수문개폐로부터 한 조석주기 이후의 하구 폭 평균염분의 시간적 변화로부터 해석된 수로방향의 공간적 분포는 전선역에 담수희석수가 응축되며 표층염분이 상류쪽으로 갈수록 점진적으로 증가하는 것으로 제시되었다. 이러한 염분의 전선역 분포는 두 시간정도의 하구언 수문 개방에 의한 급작스런 담수공급과 중단에 의해 발생한 것으로 해석되었다. 매일 담수방류의 반복은 수문 개방시기에 의해 이전의전선과 새로운 전선의 분리(이중전선) 혹은 병합을 만들고, 담수공급이 2일 이상 중단되면 염분이 증가되며 전선이 소멸한다. 또한, 표층염분 변화에 나타나는 변동과 변이는 하구언에서 인위적으로 행해지는 담수 방류량 차이에 의해 발생하는 염분전선의 세기와 통과시기의 공간적 차이, 그리고 일시적인 하구수로 방향을 따른 염분전선 등에 의한 것으로 해석되었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2014

Hagfish Eptatretus burgeri is classified as a agnathans and has many different physiological properties compared with vertebrates. In this study, we examined effects of water temperature and salinity on blood properties and oxygen consumption in hagfish. In the experiment of water temperature change, hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose of hagfish blood revealed the lowest values at $15^{\circ}C$. Oxygen consumption of hagfish had significantly increased with rising water temperature, and the increasing rate was twice as much when the temperature was manipulated every $5^{\circ}C$. Also, oxygen consumption during the night time (a short photoperiod) was significantly higher than that of the daytime. Q10 level was 3.50 in the light period and 3.92 in the dark period. No significant change in plasma glucose level was showned in changing salinity from 30 psu to 22 psu, while it had rapidly increased at 20 psu ($13.7{\pm}4.0mg/dL$) and thereafter all hagfish were dead at 18 psu. However, osmolarity, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ levels had significantly decreased when salinity decreased. This results are expected to develop the artificial rearing techniques of natural hagfish.

• 물과 미래
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1992

Several field surveys were conducted to investigate changes of water quality with time in a tidal river. Results indicated that nitrification process were dependent on the change of salinity and suspended solids concenttration. Therefore laboratory batch experiments were conducted, using suspended solids and sediment taken from a tidal river, to study the effect of salinity on nitrification and to estimate kinetic parameters of it in the tidal river. suspended solids and sediment were sampled at a point in the middle stream. Sediments were collect from the aerobic layer of mud. The change of nitrogen concentration with time was clearly explained with Monod groth model and kinetic parameters were obtained by curve fitting method. Changes in NH4-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N concentrations in the river ROKKAU with time were simulated well using Lagrangian reference frame and parameter values obtained in the laboratory tests. T도 mechanism of nitrification by suspended solids and sediment in a tidal river is shown to depend on tidal effects.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.432-436
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• 2003

Geophysical well logging techniques which are useful for delineating permeability of geological formation have been reviewed. A new technique for obtaining permeability using conductivity log technique has been discussed. This conductivity logging technique has been tested by monitoring the conductivity change within the model hole using borehole environment water and incoming-outgoing water of different salinity with constant flow rate by maintaining balance between inflow and outflow. Conductivity variation features depended mainly on flow rate, density contrasts due to salinity and temperature contrasts between fluid within the hole and incoming-outgoing fluid. The results of the experiment show uniform change of fluid conductivity within bore hole with time, and a fairly good correlation between the flow rate and the conductivity change rate. This conductivity logging technique is expected to be an efficient tool for determining permeability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2014

Leptin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and reproductive function in fish, especially in reproduction. Migrating fish, such as salmonoids, are affected by external environmental factors, and salinity changes are a particularly important influence on spawning migrations. The aim of this study was to test whether changes in salinity affect the expression of leptin, estrogen receptors (ERs), and vitellogenin (VTG) in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The expression and activity of leptin, the expression of ERs and VTG, and the levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and cortisol increased after the fish were transferred to FW, demonstrating that changes in salinity stimulate the HPG axis in migrating female chum salmon. These findings reveal details about the role of elevated leptin levels and sex steroid hormones in stimulating sexual maturation and reproduction in response to salinity changes in chum salmon.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.359-370
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• 1992

To investigate the flow pattern and mixing process in Suyoung Bay, field observations and data analyses of tidal current, salinity and suspended sediment (SS) were carried out. Ebb flow is stronger than flood flow, and duration of ebb tide is longer than that of flood tide. Semi-diurnal component of tidal current is predominant, and current rotating clockwise occurs in the central part of the bay. The direction of the residual currents in the central part of the bay and offshore is almost N to WNW, and the speed is 4-14cm/s. Eulerian diffusion coefficients estimated from the current data have the range of $6.2\times10^4-4.2\times10^6\;cm^2/s,$ Salinity structure in Suyoung River estuary during flood tide is of partially mixed type, but is of stratified type during ebb tide. Salinity fluctuation is large at the surface, and the fluctuation decreases with depth. SS concentration in Suyoung River estuary has a higher value during ebb tide than that during flood tide. Salinity and 55 concentrations in the estuary appeared to be very sensitive to the change of river flow.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

In order to make the reasonable irrigation plan in the unripended tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the estimation of irrigation water requirements by soil textures and water management methods for the normal growth of crops is very important . This study was carried out to determine leaching requirements before cultivating crops. For the purpose of this study, the physical and chemical properties of soil samples used in the desalinization experiments were analyzed, and change of salinity by supplying water and leaching water were investigated in the experimental field with lysimeters. As a result considering the soil textures, desalinization effects of good drainage soils(S1) were better than those of poor drainage soils (S2). In the changes of salinity of the soils with supplying water by water management methods, among the good grainage soils with culvert treatment(S1CW), salinity of S1CW3 with 1, 120mm and S1W4 with 1, 440mm supplying water were 2.6dS/m and 1.1dS/m respectively, and salinity of S1NW4 with 1.680mm among those non-culvert treatment (S1NW) was 3.0dS/m, less than critical salanity value 3.0dS/m. On the other hand, of the poor drainage soils with cultvert treatment , salinity of S2CW3 was ranged 9.4-6.0dS/m with supplied water, and that of non-culverted treatment S2NW as 12.3-8.4dS/m.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

영산강 하구(목포항)해역에서 해수층의 염분 변화가 1차 생산자와 상위 소비자와의 연계성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2003년 10월부터 2004년 9월까지 매월 8개 조사정점에서 수문 개폐 여부에 따라 개방시와 비개방시로 나누어서 현장조사를 실시하였다. 영산강 하구둑으로부터 배출되어지는 담수 유입량은 강우가 집중되었던 (여름철인) 6월과 7월에 가장 많은 양의 담수가 항내로 유입되었다. 수문 개방시 표층 염분 분포는 $6\~28.9$ psu로 수문비 개방시의 $24.4\~30.3psu$ 보다 큰 차이를 보였으며, 광소멸 계수$(K_d)$ 또한 수문 개방시에 높아 탁도가 높음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 조사 기간 동안 대발생(bloom)은 하구언 수문을 개방하지 않은 2월, 5월, 7월에 내항에서 발생하였으며, 대형식물플랑크톤이 $70\%$이상의 점유율을 보이며 우점하였다. 중형과 소형식물플랑크톤이 하구언 수문 개방일인 2003년 10월, 11월, 2004년 6월, 8월, 9월에 전체 식물플랑크톤에 대하여 높은 기여율을 보여 수문 개폐에 따라 크기 구조가 변화되었다. 수문 개방시 소형과 중형동물플랑크톤은 수문을 개방하지 않았을 때 보다 낮은 생체량 분포를 보였으며, 공간적으로는 외항보다 내항에서 다소 높은 생체량 분포를 보였다. 동물플랑크톤의 분포는 전반적으로 식물플랑크톤의 생체량 분포와 비슷한 경향을 보였다 따라서 수문 개폐에 따른 염분, 영양염 유입, 탁도 혹은 광량등의 환경인자가 1차생산자의 생체량 및 크기 구조에 영향을 주고 상위소비자인 동물플랑크톤의 생체량 분포에도 영향을 미치어 결국 두 생물들간의 연계성 변화를 초래할 수 있음을 시사한다.