• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.707-716
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• 2022

The core intention to undertake this experiment for a period of 21 days is to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) supplemented diet on the performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters. Sows weighing 208.5 ± 18.34kg and their neonates were used. From day 114 of gestation to 21st day of lactation(weaning), ten multiparous sows (n = 5/treatment) (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned randomly into one of two treatments: CON (basal diet) and TRT (CON + 0.05% SA). There was no significant difference in the body weight, backfat thickness, backfat loss, and body condition score in SA treated sows compared to sows fed the CON diet. However, the bodyweight of sow was dramatically reduced by an average of 16kg from farrowing to weaning time. The dietary inclusion of SA in the sow diet slightly improved the survival rate (p = 0.065) and showed a higher body weight (p = 0.009) in piglets. However, there was no significant difference in red blood cell, Fe, Hematocrit, and Hb concentrations between CON and TRT sows' groups, but the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly reduced in sows from the TRT group compared with the CON group from the beginning to weaning. The outcome of this trial shows that dietary addition of SA on sows diet from early lactation could increase the birth weight and TIBC of neonates at the end of the trial.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2014

Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria. monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus are pathogenic bacteria that should not be detected in cosmetics and foodstuffs. Therefore, we first investigated the antimicrobial activities of extracts of Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and salicylic acid(SA) in these pathogenic microorganisms. Although SA has been known to exhibit anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, a high concentration of SA may cause serious side effects such as skin redness, skin burning, peeling or tissue damage. Hence, we focused on diminishing side effects followed by treatment of a high concentration of SA and investigated whether the combinations of SA with various concentrations(25-400 mg/mL), SR and CR with a concentration(100 mg/mL) which did not show antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa exhibited meaningful antimicrobial effect against both strains. In our results, the combinations of SA with the lowest concentration(25 mg/mL), SR(100 mg/mL) and CR(100 mg/mL) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E.coli in comparison to SA alone(25 mg/mL) showing no antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the combinations of SA (100 mg/mL), SR and CR showed seven times higher antimicrobial activity against E. coli than SA alone(100 mg/mL) and exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity in comparison to ampicilin (p<0.05). The combinations of SA(100 mg/mL), SR and CR showed two times higher antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa than SA alone. Therefore, these results indicated that the combinations of SR, CR and SA with low concentration expressed the synergistic antimicrobial effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and showed great potential as an antimicrobial agent.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.218-222
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• 2001

Three weeks old Commelina was cultivated in Hoagland solution with or without $(\pm{100\mu{M}\;Cd^{2+}$ and with $100\mu{M}\;Cd^{2+}+100\mu{M\; SA)$ for 4 days. The contents of $Cd^{2+}$ and nonprotein-SH synthesis in roots and isolated epidermal strips were measured. In the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$, the concentration of $Cd^{2+}$ was $98\mu{M}\;Cd^{2+}$/g.fr.wt and it was 6 times higher than that of control. $Cd^{2+}$+SA increased 1.2 times higher concentration of $Cd^{2+}$ than that of the treatment ofTEX>$Cd^{2+}$ alone. In the treatment of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$, nonprotein-SH also increased 2 times higher than that of the control. TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ + SA increased 2 times higher concentration of nonprotein-SH than that of the treatment of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ as well. In case of isolated epidermal strips, the response was similar with the roots. Therefore, it suggest that the effect of salicylic acid on the accumulation of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ and nonprotein-SH synthesis in roots, and isolated epidermal strips was related with an increase of the membrane permeability by SA and that SA may be positively involved in the process of nonprotein- SH synthesis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.288-292
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• 2005

Pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a) is strongly induced in tobacco plants by pathogen attack, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application and by other developmental processes. In order to develop a rapid screening system for the selection of plant defense-inducing compounds originated from various sources, we have transformed tobacco Samsun NN plants with a chimeric construct consisting of GUS $(\beta-glucuronidase)$. In the $T_1$ generation, three transgenic lines having stable GUS expression were selected for further promoter analysis. Using GUS histochemical assay, we observed strong GUS induction driven by PR-1a promoter in PR1a-GUS transgenic tobacco leaves in response to the exogenous application of SA or benzol (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), a SA­derivative compound. In addition, GUS expression was maintained locally or systemically in PR1a-GUS transgenic line $\#5\;T_2$ generation) until after 3 days when they were treated with same chemicals. Our results suggested that the PR1a-GUS reporter gene system in tobacco plants may be applicable for the large-scale screening of defense-inducing substances.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2016

Plants can recognize and respond in various ways to diverse environmental stresses, including pathogenic microorganisms, salt, drought, and low temperature. Salicylic acid (SA) is one phytohormone that plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was originally identified as a core protein that could function as a transcriptional co-regulator and SA receptor during systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a plant immune response that could activate PR genes after pre-exposure of a pathogen. Although the function of NPR1 in plant defense response and the role of SA hormone in the regulation of plant physiological processes have been well characterized, the biological role of NPR1 in plant abiotic stress responses is largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current understanding of NPR1 function in response to plant environmental stresses.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2002

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on C $d^{2+}$ - induced physiological toxicity in Commelina communis was investigated. 3- weeks old Commelina communis was transferred to and grown in Hoagland solution in the presence or absence of 100 $\mu$M C $d^{2+}$ and SA for 3 weeks. In the treatment of C $d^{2+}$ + SA, the length of stem was increased to 0.7 cm for 3 weeks (C $d^{2+}$, 2.1cm; control, 7.2 cm). C $d^{2+}$ + SA reduced total chlorophyll content up to 86%, and changed chlorophyll a/b ratio below 1.6. C $d^{2+}$ + SA also reduced about 40-78% of water potential, but C $d^{2+}$ increased 16-39% from 1 week to 3 weeks. C $d^{2+}$ + SA also inhibited 27% of Fv/Fm, but in case of C $d^{2+}$, Fv/Fm was not changed. The treatment of C $d^{2+}$ + SA showed about 37-58% inhibition of photosynthetic activity when measured at various light intensity (500-1000 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ ). In the case of C $d^{2+}$ treatment, photosynthetic activity was inhibited to 12-15%. Similar effect was found in terms of stomatal conductance. Therefore, it could be concluded that the treatment of C $d^{2+}$ + SA into plant decrease or block various physiological activities and lend to die by double effects of both chemicals.cts of both chemicals..

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.508-514
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• 2004

Chrysanthemum boreale M. is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in herbal medicine and in the health food throughout East Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, mineral content and effective components, such as essential oil, amino acid and cumambrin A, by means in order to increase the productivity and the quality of flowerheads in the plant. Yields of flowerheads were increased by 12.7%, 21.7% and 15.5% by ABA, SA and both treatments, respectively, as compared with the control. Inorganic nutrient content was changed by PGRs; SA treatment was increased by nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium content but decreased by potassium of C. boreale M. flowerheads. Total content of amino acid was increased by SA but decreased by ABA treatment. Essential oil content and yields were increased to 9.7% and 33.8% by SA treatment. Moreover, the content of terpene, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, were improved by ABA treatment, especially, germacrene-D content was increased by 39.1%, as compared to control. In addition, yields of cumambrin A, sesquiterpene compound exhibiting blood-pressure activity, increased in all PGRs treatments, but its concentration in the C. boreale M. flowerheads only increased by ABA and both treatment. The experiment suggests that PGRs using ABA and SA could increase the yields and quality of C. boreale M. flowerheads.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 1987

To know the effect of presowing seed soaking with some growth substances (kinetin, IAA, ethrel and salicylic acid) on vegetative growth and yield contributing parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] the investigation was undertaken. The salient features from the study are;-All the treatments showed the enhancement effect on vegetative growth, viz. seediling emergence, germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant as compared with control, whereas salicylic acid delayed the seedling emergence process and lowered the germination percentage.-Nodule initiation, number of nodules and nodule weight were hastened and increased respectively under all the treatments whereas IAA showed an opposite effect on all the parameters at the early stages of nodule development.-Kinetin, IAA and ethrel showed the significant enhancement effect on the levels of biochemical parameters throughout the time of seed development whereas salicylic acid and water showed the tendency similar to that of control.-Yield and its components, viz. number of flowers, pods and seeds per plant were significant increased under all the treatments but they didn't show any significant enhancement effect on number of seeds per pod and pod setting rate. One hundred seed weight was lower under all the treatments, indicating the dilution effect resulting from incapability of increased number and size of source to provide the increased size of sink with assimilates.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2019

This study was conducted to compare the effect of salicylic acid (SA), an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, and the 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) fumigation, to prevent fruit quality deterioration and physiological disorders during the shelf-life of Korea's leading export grape variety 'Campbell Early'. The berries treated with SA after 1-MCP fumigation (1-MCP+SA) showed a higher firmness value and titratable acidity than single treatment of SA or 1-MCP. The rate of shattered berry was high as 41.7% for 100ppm ethephon spray, 40.8% for $25{\mu}M$ SA, and 38.2% for 1,000ppb 1-MCP, but showing only 18.7% when the SA was applied after 1-MCP fumigation. The ratio of short brushes less than 1mm was largest at 74.3% for ethephon treatment, while 1-MCP+SA treatment was found to have the longest brush length among all treatments, with a 2-4mm ratio of 22.8% and a 4-6mm ratio of 27.9%. The weight of rachis was found to be the lowest at 2.3g in the ethephon treatment, and the reduction of rachis weight loss per cluster by 1-MCP+SA treatment was evident. In addition, 1-MCP+SA treatment were effective in mitigating stem browning and berry decay during the 16-day storage period at $19^{\circ}C$ in this cultivar, so it is believed that they can be used as a practical post-harvest treatment in grape exportation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2014

Potato Rpi-blb2 encodes a protein with a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBSLRR) motif that recognizes the Phytophthora infestans AVRblb2 effector and triggers hypersensitive cell death (HCD). To better understand the components required for Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in plants, we used virus-induced gene silencing to repress candidate genes in Rpi-blb2-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and assayed the plants for AVRblb2 effector. Rpi-blb2 triggers HCD through NbSGT1-mediated pathways, but not NbEDS1- or NbNDR1-mediated pathways. In addition, the role of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) in Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD were analyzed by monitoring of the responses of NbICS1-, NbCOI1-, or NbEIN2-silenced or Rpi-blb2::NahG-transgenic plants. Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2 was not associated with SA accumulation. Thus, SA affects Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans, but not Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2. Additionally, JA and ET signaling were not required for Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in N. benthamiana. Taken together, these findings suggest that NbSGT1 is a unique positive regulator of Rpi-blb2-mediated HCD in response to AVRblb2, but EDS1, NDR1, SA, JA, and ET are not required.