• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.179-191
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• 2007

This paper aims to improve management and make the bakery business stable by investigating the difficulties in bakery management and the current management conditions of bakery businesses. Using Windows SPSS 11.0, the bottleneck in bakery management and its influence on sales and job satisfaction were analyzed. Besides, a regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of difficulties in bakery management on sales and job satisfaction. According to the analysis, a total of 44 variables were observed as the difficulties in bakery management. Among them, 34 variables were caused by 7 factors: facility, product, employee, finance, production, external advertisement. In the regression analysis, it has turned out that the difficulties in management had influence on sales dissatisfaction in facility, product, employee, finance, production, and external factors. Especially, employee factor turned out the most influential one on sales dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it has turned out that the bottleneck in management had influence on job dissatisfaction in all 7 factors. Above all, the external factor turned out the most influential one.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2004

The Korean textile industry the driving force of Korea's economic development, is faced with difficulties due to domestic and foreign influences. The purpose of this paper is to examine what measures are necessary for overcoming such difficulties. As the first step, We conducted a month-long survey, in August 2003, of 157 small-medium firms operating in the Korean textile industry to collect information about difficulties that they face in carrying out their business. According to the result, small firms performed badly in sales and facility investment efforts for 2003 due to worldwide economic depression. They, however, actively pursued new technology development in order to improve their competitiveness. Profits and productivity decreased with reduced sales, and their view on the next year’s perspective is also very unfavorable. Especially many firms intend to maintain or even lower the level of sales goal for 2004, reflecting the sluggish market environment. According to the survey, under such circumstances, as many as 74% of firms wanted to turn the tables through the development of highly sensuous material and improved marketing efforts. One of potential answers to this problem, which is suggested by the survey, is to establish a consulting service institution to provide promptly marketing data and information on textile and fashion market and trend in Italy. Especially, firms surveyed have shown a great deal of interest in Italian consulting service for new textile material developments. While they want the service for high value-added product development, they are reluctant to do so because of the uncertainty of its future effects and high consulting fees.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.196-209
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• 2015

Retail sales forecast is a special area of forecasting. Its unique characteristics call for unique data models and treatment, and unique forecasting processes. In this paper, we will address lessons learned and challenges encountered in retail sales forecast from a practical and technical perspective. In particular, starting with the data models of retail sales data, we proceed to address issues existing in estimating and processing each component in the data model. We will discuss how to estimate the multi-seasonal cycles in retail sales data, and the limitations of the existing methodologies. In addition, we will talk about the distinction between business events and forecast events, the methodologies used in event detection and event effect estimation, and the difficulties in compound event detection and effect estimation. For each of the issues and challenges, we will present our solution strategy. Some of the solution strategies can be generalized and could be helpful in solving similar forecast problems in different areas.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.50
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• pp.3-25
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of LD Clause against the seller's breach of contract in connection with delivering the goods in the international sales contract, and international guarantee system using standby L/C or demand guarantee. For this purpose, the author, first, considered the outline of the buyer's remedies in cases that the seller had not performed his obligations in contract and the difficulties in the buyer's remedies. As alternatives for overcoming the difficulties, this author recommended the LD Clauses (Liquidated Damage Clauses) based on ICC Model International Sales Contract, and explained each Model Clause. To enhance the feasibility of LD Clause, this author suggested the guarantee system, like the standby L/C or demand guarantee. But these guarantee systems have several limitations in practical use. Thus, these guarantee systems would greatly contribute to Korean exportation in the future. The reason is that the Korean export structure would be more complex and the period of sales contract would be longer and longer, which result to in long-terms supply contracts. These changes would require the guarantee much urgently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. A total of 450 women who worked as door-to-door salespersons in Seoul were enrolled. The survey questionnaire was composed of five parts as follows: general characteristics, factors related with door-to-door sales process, task education, competency required for door-to-door salespersons, and customer relationship beliefs. The survey was conducted in October 2011. Finally, data on 302 subjects were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 package program. Reason for sales of health functional foods (p<0.01), time required for sales promotion (p<0.001), difficulties during sales of health functional foods (p<0.05), satisfaction of task education (p<0.01), and failure of salesperson's memory as problems of task education (p<0.01) were significantly associated with sales of health functional foods. However, means of sales promotion, frequency and time of task education, and competency required for door-to-door salespersons were not significantly related with sales of health functional foods. Customer relationship beliefs did not show significant association with sales of health functional foods either. In conclusion, certain factors were associated with sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. These results provide an understanding for sales of door-to-door health functional foods and provide basic information for preparation of task education for health functional food saleswomen and marketing.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.12
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• pp.327-348
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• 1999

Insurance lawyers have been curiously uninterested in the legal aspects of the use of insurance in export sales. It is an area which shows several doubtful points and some difficulties. According to the law of international sales and commercial credits, the primary question is whether the insurance contracts and documents that are produced satisfy the requirements of the sales and the credit contracts. From the point of view of insurance law, the question is how the insurance arrangements can be made to fit those requirements. The purpose of this study is to review problems that may occur in insuring cargoes in export sales.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2021

Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, SMEs are forced to converge themselves into online business to cope with the rapidly changing business environment. However, due to various difficulties of becoming an online business, most SMEs choose to use services provided by the online sales platform. These platforms offer valuable support such as DSS in return for the high amount of commission fee. We analyze a novel data set from Naver Corporation's 'Smart Store' platform with the quasi-experimental method (propensity score matching technique combined with the difference in differences analysis) to analyze DSS usage and SME's performance empirically. Our results suggest that DSS usage leads to an increase in SME's sales performance in means of sales frequency and sales amount. Additionally, we have found weak support that DSS usage enables SMEs to attract customers better than those not using DSS.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current management status of green tea processors in two regions (Hadong-gun and Boseong-gun) in Korea and to suggest directions for the development of the green tea industry based on an understanding their difficulties in management. This study showed that the number of green tea farms and the cultivation area had decreased, while the average unit sales price of green tea in Boseong-gun was approximately three times higher than that in Hadong-gun. Also, this study found that Hadong-gun mainly provided green tea products to wholesalers, whereas Boseong-gun sold it directly to the local retail stores targeting tourists, and this results in generating relatively higher unit prices. Meanwhile, we discovered that both regions had difficulties in management which were caused by the demand for low delivery unit costs from large corporations and small food companies. Therefore, in order to develop the green tea industry in both regions, the size of green tea fields and the scenery satisfaction should be improved to draw more tourists and boost tourists' intention to revisit. In addition, it is necessary to enhance guidance and accessibility of related tourist sites, to expand green tea experience activities, and to improve product satisfaction by developing various goods. By inducing more tourists in these ways, it could change the sales type of green tea from wholesale to retail and help activate the management of green tea processors.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

This study secured comparable sales transaction information of technology transfer corresponding to an active market conditions and proposes a method to assess the similarity of technologies with regard to comparability of technology transfer based on these cases information. In order to analyze the association and similarity between target technology and sales transactions, it proposes the significant factors affecting royalty decision and the cosine coefficient method by industry categories. It also proposes the method to adjust royalty, which means that this method unlike the conventional method provides clear standards to valuators in order to revise royalty. Therefore, it offers a solution to the difficulties of applying the market approach for a lot of valuators that have wanted to apply it and objective method to enhance the reliability of the value of intangible asset evaluated by the market approach.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

This study aims to examine factors affecting the seafood processing business of primary cooperatives. For this purpose, I divided primary cooperatives that participate to seafood processing business into three group by sales scale. And then analyzed survey results for the four items that might be affecting the seafood processing business, type of seafood processing methods, HACCP certification status, distribution channels, processing difficulties during project implementation, etc. The result offers four implications. First, It is desirable to reduce the burden of the initial investment by leveraging the consignment process at the initial entry to seafood processing business. Second, HACCP certification is essential factor in order to promote seafood processing business as a long-term economic business. Third, To the steady growth of the seafood processing business, it is important to secure fixed large customers, as well as a individual customer. Fourth, For the continued growth of the seafood processing business it should be approached differently by way of sales, when the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives support to primary cooperatives.