• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2012

A spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of free $CN^-$ in real samples with fluorescent safranine-O. When safranine-O interacts electrostatistically with $CN^-$, the fluorescent intensity of safranine-O is decreased. Several experimental conditions such as pH of the sample solution and the amount of safranine-O were optimized. $Ag^+$ interfered higher than any other ions. Interference of $Ag^+$ could be disregarded because $Ag^+$ was scarcely contained or mostly complexed with $CN^-$ in selected real samples. With this proposed method, the linear range of $CN^-$ was from 5.0 to 110 ng/mL and the detection limit of $CN^-$ was 2.9 ng/mL. For validating this technique, real samples (Cu, Ag, Au electroplating wastewater, and untreated wastewater in university and in sewage treatment plant) were used. Recovery yields of 91.5%~106.0% were obtained. Based on experimental results, it is proposed that this technique can be applied to the practical determination of free $CN^-$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2010

All citizens over 17 year old living in Korea have to be fingerprinted to obtain a certificate of resident registration. For this reason, human identification through fingerprints has been used actively in crime scene investigation. The fingerprint is so unique that it is one of the most certain ways to identify oneself and it can differentiate between genetically identical twins. Fingerprints gained in crime scene indicate a direction of criminal investigation in conjecturing a suspect. Fingerprints help a reunion of family got scattered for a long time and make it possible to get a personal identification for missing person who met with natural calamity. We developed a new fingerprinting method using safranine O, so as to develop fingerprints on the adhesive tapes and non-porous papers in various physical environments. Results were compared to the preexisting fingerprinting method, the minutiae numbers of fingerprints were greatly increased in our newly developed safranine O fingerprinting method. This newly developed safranine O method showed a quantity and quality comparable to the preexisting fingerprinting method routinely used in these days. In our hands, the safranine O fingerprinting method is another easy and obvious choice when the forensic case sample is available for fingerprints on the adhesive tapes and non-porous papers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.437-440
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• 2003

In a mediator-aided microbial fuel cell, the choice of a proper mediator is one of the most important factors for the development of a better fuel cell system as it transfers electrons from bacteria to the electrode. The electrochemical behaviors within the lipid layer of two representative mediators, thionin and safranine O both of which exhibit reversible electron transfer reactions, were compared with the fuel cell efficiency. Thionin was found to be much more effective than safranine O though it has lower negative formal potential. Cyclic voltammetric and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses indicated that both mediators easily penetrated the lipid layer to pick up the electrons produced inside bacteria. While thionin could pass through the lipid layer, the gradual accumulation of safranine O was observed within the layer. This restricted dynamic behavior of safranine O led to the poor fuel cell operation despite its good negative formal potential.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1318-1320
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• 1997

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive tool in tissue engineering as they have the required potential to treat injured articular cartilage. UV-exposed DTOPV (S-triazine bridged p-phenylene vinylene) is a biocompatible and fluorescent polymer with a hydrophilic surface. Previous studies have demonstrated that the surface wettability and hydrophilicity play critical roles in regulating cell adhesion and proliferation. The objective of this study was to improve the potential of in vitro MSC differentiation into Chondrocytes using DTOPV. MSCs were cultured on two different substrates: (1) tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as a reference and (2) UV-exposed and patterned DTOPV films. Chondrogenesis of MSCs was induced for two weeks on TCPS and DTOPV in the presence of an induction medium containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}3$. Interestingly, the MSCs on TCPS adhered and spread, while those on DTOPV tended to form aggregates within several days. The cells cultured on DTOPV for two weeks had a round morphology, with stronger Safranine O staining of the extracellular matrix than that of the cells cultured on TCPS. Also, Type II collagen gene was significantly expressed in cells induced on DTOPV. These results indicate that chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs proceeds more rapidly on DTOPV than on TCPS. Therefore, in cartilage tissue engineering, DTOPV could be used to induce effective chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2000

Microbial fuel cells comprising the microorganism P. vulgaris, thionin as a mediator, and various mono- and disaccharides in an anodic compartment have been developed. A cathodic compartment containing a Pt electrode and Fe$(CN)_6^{3-}$ was separated from an anode by the Nafion membrane. From absorbance-time measurements, it was found that the absorbance of thionin was not altered by the addition of P. vulgaris, even in the presence of sugars. However, thionin was effectively reduced when P. vulgaris was present. These results differ substantially from the case of safranine O, a phenazine-derivative, indicating that thionin takes up electrons during the metabolic oxidation processes of carbohydrates. Maximum fuel cell efficiency was observed at 37 $^{\circ}C$, optimum temperature for the growth of P. vulgaris, and 0.5 V cell voltage was obtained, which indicates that the metabolism of the microorganism directly affects the efficiency. Thionin concentration was closely related to cell performance. When the charging-discharging characteristics were tested with glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, and trehalose as carbon sources, galactose was found to give the highest coulombic efficiency. Cell performance was almost fully recovered with only small degradation when glucose and sucrose were used in the repetitive operation. Current was maintained nearly twice as long for sucrose than in the case of glucose.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Clematidis Radix on Proteoglycan(PG) degradation by measuring of body weight, Glycosaminoglycan(GAG), Interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) in synovial fluid, and PG content of articular cartilage of femur in collagenase-induced arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of collagenase(0.1 ml) into knee joint of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken normal saline for 15 days and treated group was taken extracts of Clematidis Radix for same duration. Normal group(n=8) was injected with normal saline and was taken normal saline for 15 days. Body weight was measured at 0, 10, 15 days after injection. GAG, $IL-1{\beta}$ in synovial fluid were measured with ELISA kit at 15 days after injection. PG content of articular cartilage of femur, represented by safranine O staining, was measured at 15 days after injection. Histopathological study on the articular cartilage of knee joint was investigated at 15 days after injection. Results : Body weight, PG of treated group, taken Clematidis Radix, were significantly increased, and GAG was significantly decreased compared with control group. But $IL-1{\beta}$ was not significantly decreased. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Clematidis Radix has inhibiting effects on the proteoglycan degradation in collagenase-induced rat osteoarthritis model.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the effects of Bee-venom Treatment on the monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)- induced osteoarthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.5 mg) into knee joints of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was injected with normal saline once a day for 20 days, while treated group was injected with Bee-venom extract once a day for same duration. Body weights were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after injection. At the end of experiment, gross and histopathological examination on the articular cartilages of the knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan contents of articular cartilages were analysed by safranine O staining method. The contents of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in synovial fluids were analysed by ELISA method. And also, COX-2 and iNOS immunohistochemical examination on the knee joints were performed. Body weights of the treated group were increased compared with control group at 20 days after injection. Grossly, the severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control group. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were significantly increased compared with control group. Histopathologically, degenerative and necrotic lesion of articular cartilages in the treated group were alleviated compared with those of the control group. $TNF-{\alpha}$ contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were decreased compared with control group. Positive reactions of COX-2 in chondrocytes and synovial membranes of the treated group were decreased compared with the control group. On the basis of these results, we concluded that Bee-venom treatment has anti-arthritic effects on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. And it's effects were related with reduced secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and COX-2 from osteoarthritic chondrocytes and synovial membranes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Buja-tang treatment on the early change of the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)(0.25 mg) into both knee joint cavities of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. The control group was taken distilled water and the treated group, extracts of Buja-tang by orally for 20 days. At the end of the experiment(20 days after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) content in articular cartilages was analyzed by safranine O staining method. And also, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) contents in synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Results : 1. Body weight(g) of the treated group was increased significantly compared with control group at 15 and 20 days after injection. 2. Grossly, the degree of osteoarthritis in the treated group was alleviated compared with the control group. 3. PG content in articular cartilage of the treated group was increased significantly compared with the control group. 4. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic score of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. 5. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluid of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we suggest that Buja-tang have inhibiting effects on the progression of arthritis in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model. And it is related to inhibiting the activity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in osteoarthritic chodrocytes and synovial membranes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.116-135
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was intended to clarify how Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (hereinafter referred to JKBT) affects mice of C57BL/10 whose osteoarthritis was induced by papain. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in mice by injecting papain in the knee joint. Mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). The normal group were not treated at all whereas the control group (OAC-control) were induced for osteoarthritis by papain and oral medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline per day. The positive comparison group (OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$) were injected with papain and after 7 days, 100 mg/kg of $Joins^{(R)}$ were medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline mixed. The experimental group (OAC-JKBT) were injected with papain and after 7 days were medicated with 400 mg/kg of JKBT mixed with 200 ul of physiological saline. OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$ and OAC-JKBT were oral medicated for each substance for a total of 4 weeks, once per day. After experiments (from 1 week after injection of papain to 4 weeks elapsed), the function of liver and kidney, inflammation cytokine values within serum, degree of revelation for inflammation cytokine genes, immune cells within blood, metabolism of arachidonic acid and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological variations for knee joint structures were observed. Results: Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. IL-$1{\beta}$ (interleukin-$1{\beta}$), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$) were significantly reduced and IL-6 (interleukin-6) was also reduced but not significantly. After analyzing inflammation cytokine in joints with mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid), revelation of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and iNOS-II (inducible nitric oxide synthase-II) were all significantly reduced. Revelation of IL-$1{\beta}$ gene was also reduced but not significantly. Neutrophil for WBC (white blood cell) within serum was significantly reduced; monocyte was also reduced but not significantly. PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TXB2 (thromboxane B2) were significantly reduced and LTB4 (leukotriene B4) was also reduced but not significantly. Destruction of cartilage on micro CT (computed tomography)-arthrography was reduced but had no significant differences. In terms of histopathology, infiltration of inflammation, proliferation of synovial membrane, subsidence of cartilage and bone due to penetration of excessive formation of synovial cell and destruction of cartilage were small (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), safranine O staining). Conclusions: Based on these results, Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (JKBT) is believed to be useful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.