• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2010

Although nano materials are used a lot in industries, there has not been any standard nano hazard graphic symbol. An experiment was conducted to know the comprehension ratio of newly designed eight nano graphic symbols. To compare the symbols with existing safety graphic symbols, other sixteen symbols were also included. 54 subjects evaluated the difficulties of graphic symbols on seven point Likert scale and answered the meaning for each symbol. The all eight nano safety symbols marked under 30% comprehension ratio. However, one of them didn't show any statistically significant difference with other existing safety symbols as like bio hazard, radiation, and laser. Therefore the nano symbol tested in the best could be adopted as the nano safety graphic symbol if it is sufficiently exposed in training period and used with warning label. The workers in industries using nano materials can be alerted and protect themselves where the sign is attached.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the shapes and colors of emergency exit symbols, magnetic field warning symbols, and radiation zone symbols used in hospitals for staff and patient safety and their effects on cognitive memory. The hippocampal region's signal intensity(SI) was analyzed using fMRI. The Symbol 2 (1.75±0.54) with a green background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for emergency exits, according to the findings. The black symbol 2 (1.60±0.51) with a yellow background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for the magnetic field warning symbol, followed by the black symbol 1 (1.59±0.65) with an orange background. The black symbol 2 (1.59±0.59) with a yellow background and the black symbol 3 (1.58±0.52) with an orange background had the low signal intensity with slight differences as for the radiation zone symbols. In conclusion, it was determined that the signal intensity of the black symbol with a yellow background was the highest in the magnetic field area and radiation area. This implies that symbols with a high signal intensity (SI) must be utilized intensively. To ensure that the correct meaning of the symbols is communicated in the future, they must also be utilized regularly and continually in disaster safety education.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.127-127
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• 2019

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.563-571
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety contents presented in high school science textbooks of the 2015 revised national science curriculum. For these, we found safety contents in the inquiries and appendices of 63 science textbooks: integrated science, science inquiry experiment, physics I, II, chemistry I, II, biology I, II, and earth science I, II. We analyzed these safety contents using six safety factors based on the seven standards for safety education. The main results are as follows: First, 81(46.0%) inquiries among 176 curriculum inquiries contain safety contents, and these contents are mainly found in chemistry textbooks, and the least in 'science inquiry experiment' textbooks. Second, safety contents are found the most in 'laboratory safety rule', followed by 'safety symbol' and 'usage of protection equipment'. Third, the safety contents of appendices are mainly in 'laboratory safety rule' and 'accident treatment'. Based on these results of this study, it is concluded that these textbooks have problems; that there is a big difference in describing safety contents in each textbook; that these safety contents are not presented in detail and that the educational effect is reduced. Furthermore, the safety symbol is not standardized. We also discussed ways to improve the safety contents of science textbooks.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.672-677
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• 2002

Railway bridge type has been mainly selected by a intersection of roads and rivers, and economy. Now a days, it is required that the bridge type is considered a harmony with circumstances, a beauty and an expression of symbol of regions because of the enlargement of bridge structures and the advance of people's consciousness level. So it is adopted arch bridge with fan type hanger for a outer beautiful sight and a symbol of development of regions as 80m intersection bridge of railway and former national road at pal hung bridge in jolla line lot 1. It is performed that an examination, a consultation, a design of member sections and a detail analysis of joint parts according to the basic design. It is also performed a dynamic analysis with design loads and train loads reflection on railway bridge characteristics and examined a safety and a propriety of design compare with a fatigue design and design rules.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of a forward rotating shift pattern on police employee performance and well-being. This study sought to compare sleep duration, cognitive performance, and vigilance at the start and end of each shift within a three-shift, forward rotating shift pattern, common in United Kingdom police forces. Methods: Twenty-three police employee participants were recruited from North Yorkshire Police (mean age, 43 years). The participants were all working the same, 10-day, forward rotating shift pattern. No other exclusion criteria were stipulated. Sleep data were gathered using both actigraphy and self-reported methods; cognitive performance and vigilance were assessed using a customized test battery, comprising five tests: motor praxis task, visual object learning task, NBACK, digital symbol substitution task, and psychomotor vigilance test. Statistical comparisons were conducted, taking into account the shift type, shift number, and the start and end of each shift worked. Results: Sleep duration was found to be significantly reduced after night shifts. Results showed a significant main effect of shift type in the visual object learning task and NBACK task and also a significant main effect of start/end in the digital symbol substitution task, along with a number of significant interactions. Conclusion: The results of the tests indicated that learning and practice effects may have an effect on results of some of the tests. However, it is also possible that due to the fast rotating nature of the shift pattern, participants did not adjust to any particular shift; hence, their performance in the cognitive and vigilance tests did not suffer significantly as a result of this particular shift pattern.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.153-165
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• 2009

It is hot issue to get the competitiveness of product through reliability-growth as well as availability and safety in almost high-technology industry including military, chemistry, nuclear, telecommunication, transportation service and so on. In advanced countries, they experienced remarkable growth based on reliability technology in materials&parts industry as well as high-tech industry. It has become a symbol of national competitiveness and created a higher value added. This paper is taking on effectively developing ways to deploy IEC 60300 dependability management system and the base technology that are needed to improve competitiveness of industries in Korea.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2020

Background: Cognitive impairment is a public health burden. Our objective was to investigate associations between work hours and cognitive function. Methods: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (n = 2,497; 50.7% men; age range 44-84 years) reported hours per week worked in all jobs in Exams 1 (2000-2002), 2 (2002-2004), 3 (2004-2005), and 5 (2010-2011). Cognitive function was assessed (Exam 5) using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (version 2), a measure of global cognitive functioning; the Digit Symbol Coding, a measure of processing speed; and the Digit Span test, a measure of attention and working memory. We used a prospective approach and linear regression to assess associations for every 10 hours of work. Results: Among all participants, associations of hours worked with cognitive function of any type were not statistically significant. In occupation-stratified analyses (interaction p = 0.051), longer work hours were associated with poorer global cognitive function among Sales/Office and blue-collar workers, after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index, race/ethnicity, educational level, annual income, history of heart attack, diabetes, apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele (ApoE4) status, birth-place, number of years in the United States, language spoken at MESA Exam 1, and work hours at Exam 5 (β = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.99, -0.09) and (β = -0.80, -1.51, -0.09), respectively. In occupation-stratified analyses (interaction p = 0.040), we also observed an inverse association with processing speed among blue-collar workers (adjusted β = -0.80, -1.52, -0.07). Sex, race/ethnicity, and ApoE4 did not significantly modify associations between work hours and cognitive function. Conclusion: Weak inverse associations were observed between work hours and cognitive function among Sales/Office and blue-collar workers.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.1 s.56
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• pp.91-101
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• 2007

The new chemicals are developed and circulated without the verified toxicity data. So, the accidents and occupational diseases, such as explosion, fire, suffocation about deadly poisons etc. are frequently to workers. Classifications of chemicals suited with guideline and an offer of correct chemical information data are the molt important thing for the establishment of suitable chemical management system. The GHS (Globally Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals) is based with the chemical classifications and unification plan. The warning symbol and phrases are established for improvements of chemical information data system. According to these unified and improved systematic form of data, and the chemical information data, the workplaces will be presented many chemical safety and risk data correctly. In this paper, we will present constructions and accomplishment contents-based chemical management of workplace through development of chemical information data and the nice using for new chemical investigation and risk assessment of chemicals in workplaces.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.565-570
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• 2016

User requirements for access and authentication increase daily because of the diversification of the Internet of Things (IoT) and social structures. The increase in authentication needs requires the generation of new passwords. Users want to utilize the same passwords for memorization convenience. However, system administrators request each user to use different passwords, as well as passwords that include special symbols. Differnet passwords and including special symbols passwords seem to exceed the tolerance range within your memorization skills. It fetches a very negative consequences in terms of password management. This paper proposes a preference symbol password system that does not require memorization by users. First, a survey is conducted to prove statistical safety, and based on this, an evolution-type password system that uses preference symbols is designed. Preference symbol passwords show superiority with respect to installation cost and convenience, compared with conventional non-memorizing password systems such as biometrics, keystrokes, and mouse patterns.