• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.179-202
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• 2010

Broadcasting services sector has been facing strong public pressure to shift gears from regulation to deregulation since mid-1990s, where a triggering role was played particularly by rapid development of IT technology and content digitization. Major agenda was how to reduce regulatory divides between more liberal telecommunication sector and less liberal broadcasting. After all, common solution package worldwide was for the latter to switch over from network-dependent(vertical) to network-independent(horizontal) regulation, and to facilitate more open and competitive transmission with content market kept protected. This is no other than decoupling content provision from broadcasting and promoting market access towards the latter. Policy experiences of US and UK show that there exists a complementary relationship between quantitative and qualitative restrictions in implementing such deregulation. While mitigating quantitative ownership regulations in broadcasting, they also sought to systematize, so-called, PIT(public interest test) as a qualitative safety device to cope with the risk of losing fundamental public values accordingly in broadcasting. Recent domestic progress in broadcasting legislation in 2009, however, seems to overlook the growing importance of PIT in the process of deregulation. Bearing this motivation in mind and taking account of the relevant WTO disciplines, this paper is to address policy issues and suggestions for PIT in Korea's broadcasting services sector.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

This paper analyzes the trends of identification proofing services(PIPSs) to identify and authenticate users online and proposes a method to improve PIPS based on alternative means of resident registration numbers in Korea. Digital identity proofing services play an important role in modern society, but there are some problems. Since they handle sensitive personal information, there is a risk of information leakage, hacking, or inappropriate access. Additionally, online service providers may incur additional costs by applying different PIPSs, which results in online service users bearing the costs. In particular, in these days of globalization, different PIPSs are being used in various countries, which can cause difficulties in international activities due to lack of global consistency. Overseas online PIPSs include expansion of biometric authentication, increase in mobile identity proofing, and distributed identity proofing using blockchain. This paper analyzes the trend of PIPSs that prove themselves when identifying users of online services in non-face-to-face overseas situations, and proposes improvements by comparing them with alternative means of Korean resident registration numbers. Through the proposed method, it will be possible to strengthen the safety of Korea's PIPS and expand the provision of more reliable identification services.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-76
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• 2022

This study shared with community mapping participants spatial analysis information, collected using smart devices, to give them an opportunity to objectively review their opinions. The study examined the impact of sharing such spatial information on residents' decision-making and perceptions. Yeongju-dong in Jung-gu district of Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea was selected for the case study; community mapping was carried out in Yeongju-dong to identify hazardous areas to improve pedestrian safety of primary school students. The community mapping participants drew a preliminary hazard map based on their experience and perception. Then, they drew a second hazard map after being given spatial information on pedestrian safety installations and pedestrian flow collected with smart devices including drones and sensors. Numerous changes in ranking across various sections occurred when the two maps were compared. There was a climb in the ranking of areas where the pedestrian flow was higher and lacked safety installations based on objective measurements over the perceptions of the participating people. Furthermore, according to a survey conducted among the participants, the provision of spatial analysis information using smart devices during community mapping process not only helped them recognize local community problems, but also raised their expectations that their submitted opinions would be reflected in policies. Moreover, the participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and faith in themselves as they were able to have more trust in the outcome they created.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.17
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• pp.91-110
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• 2003

Aeronautical Information Service means a service established within the defined area of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical information/data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. Especially, in consequence of RNAV envelopment, the role and importance of aeronautical information/data has been increased constantly, therefore advanced RNP and navigation systems has been highly required simultaneously. International Civil Aviation Organization establishes SARPs to maintain aviation safety for every contracting states. Therefore, every contracting states should make an application of the aviation information and data in accordance with ICAO's SARPs, but each state is actually applied with each other regulations considered with each state's circumstance. At the result of these reason, it sometimes makes confuse to aircraft operator and effects significant aviation safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate SARPs of Annexes and rules of FAA relevant to Aeronautical Information Service(AIS), to compare them with Korean Aviation law and regulations related to AIS and then, to provide information for planing and decision-making to enhance them into the international standards.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.42-51
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the information about the disaster temporary shelter space planning guidance described in the U.S. shelter guidelines in terms of the habitability for disaster victims and to address the implications and potential impacts of its findings for the improvement of the shelter design standards and guidelines in Korea. The researchers reviewed four federal and non-governmental organization shelter field and design guidelines and attributes regarding the shelter space planning were classified in accordance with four habitability categories: Safety, Health, Convenience, and Comfort. Three major findings emerged from this study: 1)A total of 72 items about the shelter space planning were extracted from guidelines, and the majority of items are concerned with dormitory areas and sanitary spaces. Other items were about accessibility, children respite care area, signage, health service areas, food preparation and serving areas, parking and drop-off areas, registration and waiting areas, shelter manager and staff areas, lounge and storage areas, and household pets area. 2)Most of these items are strongly related to the convenience category(66.7%), followed by comfort(40.3%), safety(30.6%), and health(25.0%). 3)The habitability of the disaster temporary shelter can be established with considerations on the needs of disaster victims and vulnerable people, minimum occupancy space per person, separate sanitary spaces for the privacy, safe and convenient access routes to the shelter, and the provision of children areas for safety and comfort. The study findings will contribute to the development of the disaster shelter guidelines in Korea by suggesting shelter space planning indicators related to the habitability for the governmental and non-governmental organizations' immediate and systematic responses to the disaster.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p = 0.001), hand washing sink (p = 0.003), and an autoclave ($p{\leq}0.001$) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2022

Objectives: The importance of MSDS is emphasized for communicating hazardous information due to the increase in the types and usage of chemical substances. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of MSDS by collecting and examining paint thinners commercially available in South Korea. Methods: Twenty-five paint thinners were purchased at paint stores and the provision of MSDS was checked. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the chemical constituents of the thinners using GC-MSD and GC-FID. Reliability was evaluated by the MSDS collection rate for the paint thinners and calculating the rate of matching between laboratory analysis results and the contents and composition of chemical constituents given in the MSDS. Results: Unlike a study conducted in 2006, MSDS were provided for all 25 thinners. As a result of qualitative analysis using GC-MSD, 104 chemical substances were detected. The substances with the highest detection rate were identified in the order of toluene, butyl acetate, acetone, xylene, and ethyl benzene. A component matching rate of 41% was found by comparing the differences between the number of substances detected in laboratory testing and the number of substances listed in the MSDS. Benzene, a carcinogen not listed in the MSDS, was detected in two thinners produced by a small company. The detected benzene contents were 0.039 and 0.040%. When benzene is used, it should be strictly handled according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act. However, since it is not listed on the MSDS, it is judged that benzene was not being managed as a carcinogen in the workplaces where it is used. Conclusions: Since the reliability of MSDS, which play an important role in hazard communication, was evaluated to be low, it is necessary to systematically and continuously secure this reliability. In particular, carcinogens should be managed more strictly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2021

C-ITS is an intelligent transportation system that can improve transportation convenience and traffic safety by collecting, managing, and providing traffic information between components such as vehicles, road infrastructure, drivers, and pedestrians. In Korea, road infrastructure is being built across the country through the C-ITS project, and various services such as real-time traffic information provision and bus operation management are provided. However, the current state-of-the-art road infrastructure and information linkage system are insufficient to build C-ITS. In this paper, considering the continuity of time in various spatial aspects, we proposed a group-type network-based traffic situation recognition system that can recognize traffic flows and unexpected accidents through information linkage between traffic infrastructures. It is expected that the proposed system can primarily respond to accident detection and warning in the field, and can be utilized as more diverse traffic information services through information linkage with other systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.43-59
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• 2012

Assuming a completed Smart Highway road & communication environment that allows real-time information collection and transmission of road traffic condition ahead, the purpose of this study is to develop a plan for inducing a network-level safe driving pattern by providing road traffic condition and safety information to multiple drivers through a road information provision device. In this study, the device with a function that displays different colors according to the hazard level to the existing delineator has been named 'Smart Delineator'. Smart Delineator is a device that provides not only alignment information but also safety information for drivers to receive real-time warning information and intuitively recognize road traffic condition ahead so that drivers can respond. To examine the effects of safety driving inducement level on drivers, a simulation test was conducted using driving simulator as well as a satisfaction survey. The result showed that the Smart Delineator was able to identify the location of occurrence and affecting driving according pattern, either adhering to recommended speed or reducing speed according to the pre-defined hazard level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2009

Provision of advanced warning information is one of the useful countermeasures to prevent traffic accidents. Analysis of user's preference for any information contents would be a backbone in designing more effective warning information systems. This study aimed at deriving more comprehensive and valuable warning information that leads to user's safer driving by conducting a questionnaire survey. In total, 258 people including various age groups and driving experiences participated in the survey. Preferable warning information contents were identified by this study. It is expected that the results would be useful data for providing warning information to drivers.