• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.910-916
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• 2002

생약재의 식품ㆍ생물 산업적 이용증대에 따라 생약재의 안전한 위생화 기술이 요구되고 있다 본 연구에서는 생약재의 위생화 기술로서 방사선 조사기법의 활용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여, 감마선을 조사한 생약재 3종에 대한 유전독성학적 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 공시 재료는 오염유기체 완전 구제선량인 10 kGy의 감마선을 조사시킨 황기, 백출 및 승마로 하였으며, 각각의 열수 추출물의 유전독성을 in vitro 시험으로 평가하였다. 유전독성 평가는 Salmonella typhimurium TA98 및 TA100 균주를 이용한 복귀 돌연변이 시험(Ames test)과 Chiilese hamster ovary(CHO) 세포를 이용한 in vitro 소핵 유발 시험으로 시행하였다. 각각의 시험은 59 nix를 첨가한 대사 활성화 시스템과 첨 가하지 않은 비활성화 시스템으로 구분하여 실시하였으며, 시료의 최고 처리 농도는 복귀돌연변이 시험에서는 5mg/plate로, 소핵유발시험에서는 50%의 세포증식 억제를 나타내는 농도(1 mg/mL)로 하였다. 복귀 돌연변이 시험 결과 대사 활성화 및 비활성화의 경우 모두에서 각 시료에 의한 복귀변이 집락수의 증가를 인정할 수 없었으며, 각 용량단계에서 감마선 조사군과 비조사군 간의 차이도 볼 수 없었으므로 음성으로 판정하였다. 소핵 유발시험에서도 음성 대조군 및 감마선 조사군과 비조사군 모두 각 용량 단계에서 세포 내에 생성된 소핵의 빈도가 3% 이하로 나타남에 따라, 시료에 의한 소핵의 유발을 인정할 수 없었으므로 음성으로 판정하였다 따라서 감마선이 조사된 각각의 시료는 직접 및 간접 돌연변이원으로 작용하지 않으며 세포유전 독성을 나타내지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, 생체내 유전독성 시험, 만성독성 시험 및 생식독성 시험 등의 추가적인 in vivo실험이 행하여진다면 감마선 조사 생약재의 안전성을 보다 명확히 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.195-195
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• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

In this study, a medicinal herbal plant, Meliae fructus, was examined and screened for anti-Helicobacter (H.) pylori activity. Seventy percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. For anti-H. pylori activity screening, inhibitory zone tests as an in vitro assay and in vivo study using a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) model were performed. Also, the safety of herbal compounds was evaluated by animal study. As a result of inhibitory zone test, Meliae fructus extract demonstrated strong anti-H. pylori activities. Also, as results of in vivo animal studies, Meliae fructus demonstrated strong therapeutic effects against H. pylori infection according to the criteria of histological examination and rapid urease test. As results of the safety study, after 28 days treatment of the Meliae fructus extract, the animals were not detected any grossly and histological changes. These results demonstrate that it can be successfully cured against H. pylori infection and protected from H. pylori-induced pathology with Meliae fructus. It could be a promising native herbal treatment for patients with gastric complaints including gastric ulcer caused by H. pylori.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1995

In vitro antimutagenic activity of methanol extract from brrwn rice and its physico-chemical characteristics were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS chromotest. Methanol extracts of brown rice were not mutagenic compared with direct and indirect, mutagenicities of 4NQO (4-nitroquinoline oxide), 2NF(2-nitrofluorene), Trp-p-1(3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole), and Trp-p-2(3-Amino-1-methy-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole). Antimutagenic activity against the indirect mutagenicties induced by Trp-p-1, Trp-p-2 and AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) was found in methanol extract. Even though antimutagenic activity showed dose-dependent, it remained constant at inhibition rate ranging 60~90% when the concentration was abov 3mg/plate in the S. typhimurium reversion assay and 0.2~0.6 mg/assay in the SOS chromotest. The antimutagenic activity of the methanol extracts was stable at various pH (2, 7 and 10), temperatures (60, 80 and 10$0^{\circ}C$)and heation times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min at 10$0^{\circ}C$).

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.138-138
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• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary and cumulative skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2015

Allergic diseases have rapidly increased in recent years. Mast cells play a critical role in IgE-mediated allergy responses and, therefore, closely associated with rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. We studied anti-allergic effect of Penthorum chinense extract (PCE) in vitro and in vivo. PCE inhibited the degranulation of mast cells by antigen stimulation and its effect was dose-dependent and reversible in mast cells. PCE also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 by antigen in mast cells. Mechanistically, PCE inhibited the activation of Syk/LAT pathway which is a key signaling pathway for the activation of mast cells by antigen. Notably, PCE suppressed IgE-mediated allergic responses by antigen in mice. These results strongly suggest that PCE is a potential candidate for anti-allergic treatment.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1996

Green tea catechins(GTC) were studied for its inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation in vitro, for its antithrombotic effect in mice in viro, and bleeding and clotting time in rats. The catechins were isolated and purified from green tea, which were composed of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)epicatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin, GTC produced a potent inhibition of human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner against the stimulants such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin n vitro. GTC also prevented death due to the formation of pulmonary thrombosis by platelet aggregates in mice in a dose-de-pendent manner in viro. GTC increased the bleeding time, whole blood clotting time and plasma clotting time in rats, too. These results suggest that GTC is a promising antithrombotic agent.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

In order to compare the suppressive effect of quercetin and several its glycosides, such as quercitrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), hyperin (quercetin-3-galactoside) and tutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside), on the genotoxicity by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU), in vitro sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test using mouse spleen lymphocytes and in vivo micronucleus test using mouse peripheral blood were performed. MNU-induced SCEs in vitro were not decreased by the simultaneous treatment of test compounds. Among them, quercetin and hyperin showed significant suppressive effects at high dose(10-5M). On the other hand, MNU-induced micronucleated reticulocytes(MNRETS) in vivo were significantly decreased with good dose-dependent manner in all compound tested. However, there were not significant differences between quercetin aglycone and its glycosides in the suppressive aglycone and its glycosides may act as an antigenotoxic agent in vivo and may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of alkylating agent.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

We investigated the antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the aqueous extract of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The antioxidant activity of O. mykiss aqueous extract was determined by in vitro peroxynitrite scavenging activity and reducing power assays. The aqueous extract of O. mykiss showed potent peroxynitrite radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=0.12{\pm}0.001\;mg/mL$) and reducing power (absorbance=$0.47{\pm}0.001$) at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. The in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity of O. mykiss aqueous extract was examined using spectrophotometric analyses of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. The aqueous extract of O. mykiss showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=1.61{\pm}0.13\;mg/mL$), but did not exhibit inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase. These results suggest that O. mykiss possesses antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities and provide scientific evidence for the health benefits of O. mykiss aqueous extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

Ginseng has long been used as a functional food or therapeutic supplement and it is empirically known to be safe and nontoxic. During recent decades, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human studies have been conducted to prove the safety of various types of ginseng samples and their components. Clinical trials, case reports, and in vitro and in vivo research articles addressing the safety, toxicity, and other adverse events of ginseng application were selected and reviewed. Patient risks associated with ginseng abuse and misuse such as affective disorder, allergy, cardiovascular and renal toxicity, genital organ bleeding, gynecomastia, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, reproductive toxicity, and anticoagulant-ginseng interaction were reviewed and summarized. There are some cases of patient risk associated with ginseng abuse and misuse depending on patients' conditions although further investigation in more cases is required to clarify these issues.