• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.912-921
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• 2020

We examined the rates of pathogenic bacterial cross-contamination from gloves to meat and from meat to gloves during pork processing under meat-handling scenarios in transfer rate experiments of inoculated pathogens. The inoculated pork contained ~5-6 Log10 CFU/g pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Sal. enteritidis). On cotton gloves, after cutting the pork, the cutting board, knife, and cotton gloves showed 3.07-3.50, 3.29-3.92 and 4.48-4.86 Log10 CFU/g bacteria. However, when using polyethylene gloves, fewer bacteria (3.12-3.75, 3.20-3.33, and 3.07-3.97 Log10 CFU/g, respectively) were transferred. When four pathogens (6 Log10 CFU/g) were inoculated onto the gloves, polyethylene gloves showed a lower transition rate (cutting board 2.47-3.40, knife 2.01-3.98, and polyethylene glove 2.40-2.98 Log10 CFU/g) than cotton gloves. For cotton gloves, these values were 3.46-3.96, 3.37-4.06, and 3.55-4.00 Log10 CFU/g, respectively. Use of cotton gloves, polyethylene gloves, knives and cutting boards for up to 10 hours in a meat butchering environment has not exceeded HACCP regulations. However, after 10 h of use, 3.09, 3.27, and 2.94 Log10 CFU/g of plate count bacteria were detected on the cotton gloves, cutting board, and knives but polyethylene gloves showed no bacterial count. Our results reveal the transfer efficiency of pathogenic bacteria and that gloved hands may act as a transfer route of pathogenic bacteria between meat and hands. The best hand hygiene was achieved when wearing polyethylene gloves. Thus, use of polyethylene rather than cotton gloves reduces cross-contamination during meat processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the compatibility of anti-vibration gloves, to predict the attenuation of vibration with different types of anti-vibration gloves, to estimate the spectra of the ISO 10819 standard, and to present an oscillating spectrum adequate for vibrating tools. This paper use two ISO standards for the measurement and evaluation of hand-arm vibration. Some anti-vibration gloves can attenuate vibration, but all the anti-vibration gloves in this study do not satisfy the ISO 10819 requirements. In case of equal vibration types, the outside materials are effective in order of leather, fabrics and rubber-coating. Anti-vibration gloves manufactured in the United State satisfy ISO 10819 criteria using United State subjects, but do not satisfy ISO 10819 using Japanese subjects. M-spectrum acceleration exists below 10Hz and H-spectrum exists above 500Hz. Generally vibrating tools have the peak of Z-axis, but generation of vibration differ from each vibrating tools.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

In order to secure safety and improve work efficiency of forest firefighting crews, performance evaluation criteria for safety gloves were developed. Since the standard for forest firefighting safety gloves is not available in Korea, we started the study based on the standard for firefighting safety gloves operated by KFI. 12 test items were selected excluding 5 test items out of the 17 test items through the consultation of stakeholders and the review of foreign standards. Two types of general safety gloves used by forest firefighting crews and one firefighting gloves were tested by applying KFI standard and the results were compared. Materials such as nylon or polyurethane which are weak to fire are not suitable for forest firefighting safety gloves. We compared the criteria of KFI, ISO 16073, NFPA 1977, NFPA 1971 and BS EN 659, and finally selected 12 test items and acceptance criteria suitable for the work environment of forest firefighting crews in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

Grip strength provides a quick and objective index of the functional integrity of the upper extremities. It is widely used as an assessment measure in physical and rehabilitation medicine. In this study, maximum voluntary grip strength of 20 college students wearing 5 different gloves were measured using Jamar hand dynamometer. The results show that maximum voluntary grip strength was generally reduced when wearing gloves as compared to bare-handed. More specifically, the grip strength was highest when wearing PVC coated glove or bare-handed and getting lowered as wrist band, rubber, leather, and cotton glove in these order. Depending on the measuring posture of grip strength, shoulder height with arm extended forward was higher than the elbow was flexed 90 degree. Moreover, subjects' demographic factors and hand dimensions were not closely related to the grip strength. It is thus recommended that the proper glove should be provided to reduce the negative consequences including dropping a tool, poorer control of a tool. lower quality work, and increased muscle fatigue and in turn to increase the user safety and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

As the concerns of dermal exposure of spray painters to isocyanates in the automobile industry, glove performance was examined like permeation rate and breakthrough time including fatigue test. Methylene chloride was used as the solvent for derivatization of the isocyanates with a 97.5% recovery. Ghost wipe pads were used to wipe the surface of the glove material after chemical penetration through the glove material placed under a disposable test cell. Several solvents were tested, such as thinner(xylene, toluene) and cleaning agent(acetone) by using a standard permeation test cell(AS/NZS standard 2161. part 10.3). Solvents accelerate chemical permeation through the gloves more quickly than pure HDI hardener products. The longest breakthrough times were from Nitrosolve gloves, not detected in 8 hours, compared with others like Latex, Neoprene, TNT and Dermo Plus. Therefore Nitrosolve gloves could be recommended as personal protective equipment in crash repair shops. In addition, revised exposure limit of korean regulation should be suggested for employee to minimize the risk of health symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) in polyurethane coated gloves(PU-gloves) and to assess the dermal exposure generated by wearing them. Methods: We analyzed the concentrations of DMF in 12 gloves by EN16778 standard. The samples cut into pieces of about 10 by 10 mm and extracted with methanol in flask in an ultrasonic bath at 70℃. An aliquot of the extract is analyzed with GC-MS. The dose of dermal exposure was calculated by ECETOC TRA consumer 3.1 and compared with derived no effect level(DNEL) for systemic effects due to long term exposure by workers. The extracted amount of DMF by saline solution was compared with that by EN16778 standard. Results: The mean concentration of DMF in PU-gloves was 1,377 mg/kg(range 13~3,948 mg/kg). The concentration of DMF showed significantly differences by packing type, manufacturer, and price(p<0.05). The dose of dermal exposure was 0.0007~0.572 mg/kg body weight/day when the DMF content was 10~4,000 mg/kg. The DMF extracted by saline solution was around 11% for 8 hours. Conclusions: The risk of dermal exposure due to the residual DMF in the PU-gloves was not signifiant. But, the limit of 1,000 mg/kg in PU-gloves can be recommended for international standard and trading systems.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

This paper is aimed at predicting the life of rubber insulating gloves under normal operating stresses from relatively rapid test performed at higher stresses. Specimens of rubber insulating gloves are subject to multiple stress conditions, i.e. combined electrical and thermal stresses. Two modes of electrical stress, step voltage stress and constant voltage stress are used in specimen aging. There are two types of test for electrical stress in this experiment: the one is Breakdown Voltage (BDV) test under step voltage stress and thermal stress and the other is lifetime test under constant voltage stress and temperature stress. The ac breakdown voltage defined as the break-down point of insulation that leakage current excesses a limit value, l0mA in this experiment, is determined. Because the very high variability of aging data requires the application of statistical model, Weibull distribution is used to represent the failure times as the straight line on Weibull probability paper. Weibull parameters are deter-mined by three statistical methods i.e. maximum likelihood method, graphical method and least squares method, which employ SAS package, Weibull probability paper and FORTRAN, respectively. Two chosen models for predicting the life under simultaneous electrical and thermal stresses are inverse power model and exponential model. And the constants of life equation for multistress aging are calculated using numerical method, such as Gauss Jordan method etc.. The completion of life equation enables to estimate the life at normal stress based on the data collected from accelerated aging test. Also the comparison of the calculated lifetimes between the inverse power model and the exponential model is carried out. And the lifetimes calculated by three statistical methods with lower voltage than test voltage are compared. The results obtained from the suggested experimental method are presented and discussed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the three-dimensional hand-related dimensions of elderly women aged 70 to 84 years and to characterize them to develop safety gloves for dementia patients. The 3D data from the 8th Human Size Survey of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Size Korea, were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program. The straight thumb length was longer in elderly women aged 70-74 than in those aged 80-84. To analyze the hand type of elderly women, four factors were categorized: hand and finger horizontal factor, hand vertical factor, finger digit V thickness factor, and finger length factor. Elderly women's hand types were categorized as 'long hands and thin fingers', 'thick hands with long fingers', and 'short hands and thick little fingers'. Elderly women aged 70-74 years and 80-84 years were analyzed as having the most 'long hands and thin fingers' type, while older women aged 75-79 years were analyzed as having the most 'thick hands and long fingers' type. It is known that the fingers get thicker and the size of hands increase as age advances, but by the age 80, there is a change in the size of hands again. In future research, it would be worth expanding to other age groups to explore differences between age groups and to develop safety gloves for real-world dementia patients based on the hand types analyzed.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2001

Insulating rubber gloves with antibacterial and withstand voltage properties were prepared by blending the natural rubber latex(NRL), waterborne polyurethane(PU) and 4N-chitosan. Tensile strength of rubber glove increased with increasing amount of PU, and elongation decreased. The property of withstand voltage of rubber gloves improved with increasing leaching time, and the rubber gloves showed insulating capability of 10000V at leaching time of 3 hours. Little bacteria existed after 4N-chitosan was added to rubber gloves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.3 s.75
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Following a Mediterranean fruit fly outbreak in South Australia, a bait spray program involving the pesticides like malathion(MAL) was carried out. During the application, dermal exposure was considered for the pest controllers wearing PVC gloves. However there is a lack of information about PVC glove performance like break through times and permeation rates with MAL, therefore, a new analytical method for HPLC-UV was developed. A standard permeation test cell was used in this study. From the results of this study, more than 96% solubility of MAL was provided at 30% isopropyl alcohol in distilled water as a collecting media. However, there was significant decomposition of MAL when the solutions were kept at over $50^{\circ}C$ for 2-3 hours. As a mobile phase, 50% acetonitrile water solution (pH 6.0) gave the greater sensitivity compared with other compositions of acetonitrile solution. The arm section of the gloves had shorter breakthrough times and higher permeation rates compared with the palm. There was no malathion solution breakthrough up to 24 hours using the 1% MAL working strength solution. When the temperature was changed from $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;to\;37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, the breakthrough times were decreased by 14.5% on palm and 37.5% on arm, and permeation rates were increased significantly. The findings of this study indicate that further investigations on used gloves, periods of use and varying working conditions like tasks and seasons should be carried out to assess potential worst case scenarios.