• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

In this study, a real-scale stairway model was constructed to analyze the evacuation safety of human life due to the change of flooded stair flow. In the experiment, the water depth and flow velocity at each stage of the stairs were measured and the specific force per unit width was calculated. Using the calculated the specific force per unit width, the evacuation safety of each steps of stairs according to the change of the flooded stair flow was presented. Finally, the depth of water measured by the experiment and the evacuation safety graph of "Ishigaki" by the specific force per unit width were combined to analyze the evacuation safety by depth. As a result, it has been found that evacuation of adult man is difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.20 m or more. And it has been found that evacuation of adult women and elderly men are difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.15 m or more. Finally, it has been found that evacuation of elderly women is difficult without help at depth of 0.13 m or more.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.102-109
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• 2015

In this study, on the basis of the results of the field survey and the theoretical consideration for Korean Standard Specification for concrete durability and maintenance, the following conclusions are derived. From the survey, the prediction equation of carbonation depth for the southwest region in Korea is experimentally proposed, $y_p=5.865{\sqrt{t}}$, which predicts about 60mm of the carbonation depth for the concrete structures of 100 years, a 1st class of target endurance period, under a combined deterioration environment like a marine environment. Considering that the marginal value for a carbonation depth limitation under very severely marine environment is 25mm, in accordance with the Specification, it is found that the predicting carbonation depth for the concrete cover depths, 100mm and 60mm are 63mm and 29.4mm, respectively. In conclusion, according to the equation and the Specification, it is strongly required that the reinforced concrete structures with the cover depth under 100mm have to make a protection from combined deterioration factors by any methods like a surface coating, an increment of cover depth or an application of a special concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

In order to reduce the accidents occurring at construction sites, it is necessary to approach with harmonious measures considering various aspects such as systems, training, facilities, and protection equipments. Suggestion of safe construction method can be a good alternative. In the previous study, the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel was proposed as an alternative method for safe bridge deck construction, and the performance required by the design code was verified through a four-point bending test. But the actual bridge deck is subjected to the repetitive action of the wheel load rather than the bending condition due to the four-point load. In this study, fatigue test was performed by repeating the wheel load $2{\times}10^6$ cycles to verify the safety of the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel under actual conditions. As a result, fatigue effect due to repetition of wheel load was not significant in terms of serviceability such as crack width and deflection. In the residual strength test conducted after the fatigue test, the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel failed by punching shear which is typical failure mode of bridge decks and the residual strength was similar to the punching strength of the RC and PSC bridge decks in spite of the fatigue effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

Experimental studies were performed to investigate the injury potential of BB pellets through gelatine based simulants. In order to record BB pellet movements penetrating into the target simulant, a high-speed video camera was used. In this study the first investigation involved the effects on concentrations, homogeneity and gelation times of the gelatine simulant. The second investigation involved the penetration depth of the pellets to the simulant by different distances between the BB gun and the simulant. The final one is associated with impact velocity, threshold velocity and penetration depth of the pellets by different kinetic energies of the BB gun. Results provided the basis in assessing the injury potential of BB pellets.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.15-18
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• 2015

The availability of in-depth accident data is a prerequisite for each efficient traffic safety management system. Identification and definition of the relevant problem together with knowledge of the data and parameters describing this problem is essential for its successful solution. Comprehensive, up-to-date, accident data is needed for recognition of the scope of road safety problems and for raising public awareness. Reliable and relevant data enable the identification of the contributory factors of the individual accidents, and an unveiling of the background of the risk behaviour of the road users. It offers the best way to explore the prevention of accidents, and ways to implement measures to reduce accident severity. In this study, reviewing the existing iGlad and GIDAS system, KIDAS data format can be finalized through feasibility evaluation. The progressive approach is proposed to successful settlement of Korea in-depth accident study. As the initial stage of in-depth investigation DB construction, the KIDAS is not repetition of the current police based TAAS. It is essential part of improving vehicle safety and reduction of traffic fatality in Korea. 72 Contributing factors like road and traffic characteristics, vehicle parameters, and information about the people involved in the accident have to be investigated and registered as well in the KIDAS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2023

Objectives : To review the needling depth, therapeutic and adverse effects of intraperitoneal acupuncture and related acupoints. Methods : Studies and reports from the literature, Korean medical health insurance data and databases were searched and selected. Results : The depth of needle insertion for acupoints related to intraperitoneal acupuncture has been documented to range from 0.9 to 10.5 cm depending on the acupoints and literature. In studies of safe needling depth, the justice of safe needling depth varied from study to study, but was generally based on the peritoneum, and the depth varies by patient age, sex, body type, and weight. Clinical studies in China have shown good efficacy and no side effects of abdominal long needle acupuncture, but there have been case reports of adverse events following abdominal acupuncture. Conclusions : To ensure both therapeutic effectiveness and safety of intraperitoneal acupuncture, It is necessary to utilize the ultrasound in clinical practice and conduct related research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

In this study, a finite element model based on the SU/PG scheme was developed to solve shallow-water equations and the influences of parameters and internal boundary conditions on depth-averaged flow behavior were investigated. To analyze the effect of roughness coefficient and eddy viscosity on flow characteristics, the developed model was applied to rectangular meandering channel with two bends, and transverse velocities and water depth distributions were examined. As the roughness coefficient adjacent to wall increased, the velocities near the wall decreased, and the reduced velocities were compensated by the expanding mid-channel velocities. In addition, the flow characteristics around a circular cylinder were analyzed by varying the internal boundary conditions as free slip and no slip. The assignment of slip condition changed the velocity distribution on the cylinder surface and reduced the magnitude of the shear stress up to one third.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.4 s.63
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

We analyzed case studies doing in-depth inspection of tunnel to maintain safety of existing tunnel in constructing new tunnel near to a existing tunnel with single track. Futhermore, We accomplished in-depth inspection of existing tunnel and numerical analysis. We suggested remedies to security safety of existing tunnel. We applied line drilling and pre-large hole boring method not to have an effect on existing tunnel and convinced the safety of existing tunnel from blast-vibration and blast-noise of numerical analysis. We planed to install basset system to measure displacement of existing tunnel according to excavating new tunnel.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2017

In order to reduce the damage of life and property caused by an automobile accident, we should design new car models and safety standard with reference to the data analysis and in-depth investigation of the accident. In-depth research and analysis of the current world other than the police investigation team (GIDAS, iGLAD, NHTSA, etc.) and collect in-depth data. Going to develop a safety policy to make it much safer cars based on this data. However, the country still does not have the advantage of KIDAS data Safety Policy Direction. In KNCAP tests, there is nothing in order to protect far side passengers even if far side impact causes approximately 50% injured people. Based on DBs like KIDAS (Korean In-Depth Accident Study) and GIDAS, far side passengers got injured as much as near side passengers did. So as to protect far side passengers, KNCAP has to change the test method of side crashes. In this study, injury severities to compare with ES-2, World SID and Thor dummies and the movements of far and near side passengers, SLED TEST was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify issues for an effective safety culture assessment by conducting a case study of an electronics manufacturing plant in Korea. Cooper's safety culture model was used as the assessment method, and Fleming and Hudson's safety culture maturity models were applied as assessment criteria. The results of the safety culture assessment showed that there needs to be a design optimized for study purposes. For example, the correlation between the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview needs to be analyzed. The result of the behavior monitoring should show the relationships with other dimensions. A safety culture maturity model has to be developed to customize the study factors and questions.