• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Background: Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups-control and case-and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software. Results: All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of -0.37, worke-family conflict with 0.10, effort-reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with -0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (-0.35), worke-family conflict (0.36), effort-reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (-0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness. Conclusion: It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2018

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to analyze the occupational accident experience rate by working life cycle of Korean workers considering entrance and turnover in their jobs. The specific goal of this study was to calculate the accident experience rate according to workers' turnover history and previous accident experience. Methods: We constructed a cumulative data set of 90,338 cases of workers' accident experiences in their jobs from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. The accident experience rates according to workers' turnover and previous accident experiences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results: In this study, the cumulative accident experience rate of Korean workers was found to be 5.2%. It was confirmed that the accident experience rate of workers increased as the turnover frequencies increased. In addition, we analyzed only the data of the workers who had experienced turnover and found that the accident experience rate after turnover increased about 7.5 times when workers had experienced accidents in the past. Conclusion: To prevent occupational accidents in workers, safety strategies should consider a worker's previous job history and injury experiences. It will also be necessary to focus preventive efforts on new and young workers through ongoing monitoring and on-the-job training.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2020

The accident fatality rate has decreased by more than 90% compared to 2006, due to the safety management and safety investment based on the Rail Safety Act. Most railway safety indicators, including fatality rates, have improved significantly from 60% to 80%, reaching the level of developed countries in terms of most railway safety indicators. However, the only staff fatality rate at work is not improved, and it is 3 to 5 times higher than that of developed countries. Most of the fatality occurred during employee's work recently occurred due to accidents hit by train while track work. In principle, when operating track need to check or maintenance, the operation of the train should be stopped and the work carried out. However, in Korea, due to the highest passenger density and train operating density in the world, it is caused by a structural problem that requires workers to enter the track while the train is running and perform various tasks such as maintenance and inspection. In this study, we analyzed the risk of accidents caused by hit by trains on the track, which is the biggest cause of staff fatality, using the main statistics of the last 10 years. In detail, the scenarios of the main causes of hit by trains and workers were formed to suggest the effectiveness of the current preventive measures and supplementary.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2008

우리나라의 급속한 경제성장은 여객과 물자의 수송수요 증가 및 도시집중화를 가져왔다. 여기에 국민소득수준의 향상과 더불어 자동차는 없어서는 안 될 생활필수품으로 각광을 받고 있다. 그러나 자동차의 도로 교통 활동으로 인한 교통정체와 교통사고로 인해 국민경제에 대한 평가를 절하시키거나 감소시키고 있다. 이에 우리나라에서는 교통안전개선사업의 필요성이 대두되기 시작하여 개선사업을 실행에 옮기고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 개선사업의 분석을 실시하여 첫째, 개선사업의 성공여부와 또한 성공적이었다면 그 효과의 정도를 분석하고 둘째, 개선사업의 효과에 관한 데이터를 공급과 개선사업의 개발의 필요성을 인식시켜주고 셋째, 정책입안자 또는 사업 관계자들에게 효과성이나 개선안에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 사고다발지점 선정에 관한 연구를 통하여 종합지수법에 의하여 선정된 각각의 사고다발지점에 대한 개선사업 전 후의 사고건수와 사고율에 의한 효과성을 분석하였다. 다음으로 선정된 사고다발지점에 대한 개선 전과 개선 후의 사고비용과 개선사업비를 년차별로 산출하여 경제성 평가를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 첫째, 개선사업 전 후의 사고선수와 사고율에 대한 효과성 분석을 통하여 개선사업 후에 사고가 상당히 감소하였음을 보였다. 둘째, 개선사업 전 후의 경제성 평가를 실시함으로써 안전시설물에 의한 사고다발지점의 개선사업의 경제적 타당성을 보였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2003

The British railway safety research group has developed a risk assessment model for the railway infrastructure and major railway accidents. The major hazardous factors of the railway infrastructure were identified and classified in the model. The frequency rates of critical top events were predicted by the fault tree analysis method using failure data of the railway system components and ratings of railway maintenance experts, The consequences of critical top events were predicted by the event tree analysis method. They classified the Joss of accident due to railway system into personal. commercial and environmental damages. They also classified 110 hazardous event due to railway system into three categories. train accident. movement accident and non-movement accident. The risk assessment model of the British railway system has been designed to take full account of both the high frequency low consequence type events (events occurring routinely for which there is significant quantity of recorded data) and the low frequency high consequence events (events occurring rarely for which there is little recorded data). The results for each hazardous event were presented in terms of the frequency of occurrence (number of events/year) and the risk (number of equivalent fatalities per year).

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

Objectives: To investigate whether medical institutions can prevent accidents by analyzing the root cause of a medical accident and identifying the tendencies. Methods: A total of 345 medical cases were used for the RCA(Root Cause Analysis). The root causes were classified using the SHELL model. The suitability of the model was confirmed by SPSS's MDPREF and Euclidean distance. An SPSS20.0 hierarchical regression analysis was used as an influencing factor on the degree of injury resulting from medical accidents. Results: The SHELL model was suitable for classification. The rates of accident causes were LS49%, L34%, LL10.2%, LE3.7%, LH2.3%. The order in which the degree of a patient's injury was affected were: Risk Threshold (${\beta}=.180$), Time (${\beta}=.175$), Surgical stage (${\beta}=-.166$), Do not use procedure (${\beta}=.147$). Conclusions: Health care institutions should remove priorities through system improvement and training. For patients' safety, the five factors of the SHELL model should be managed in harmony.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2002

Core disruptive accidents have been investigated at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) as part of the work to demonstrate the inherent and ultimate safety of conceptual design of the Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor(KALIMER), a 150 MWe pool- type sodium cooled prototype fast reactor that uses U-Pu-Zr metallic fuel. In this study, a simple method and associated computer program, SCHAMBETA, was developed using a modified Bethe-Tait method to simulate the kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of a homogeneous spherical core over the period of the super-prompt critical power excursion induced by the ramp reactivity insertion. Calculations of the energy release during excursions in the sodium-voided core of the KALIMER were subsequently performed using the SCHAMBETA code for various reactivity insertion rates up to 100 S/s, which has been widely considered to be the upper limit of ramp rates due to fuel compaction. Benchmark calculations were made to compare with the results of more detailed analysis for core meltdown energetics of the oxide fuelled fast reactor. A set of parametric studies were also performed to investigate the sensitivity of the results on the various thermodynamics and reactor parameters.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

산업안전보건관리비 제도는 건설 현장의 안전 관리에 큰 도움이 된다고 인식되고 있다. 그러나 산업안전보건관리비의 계상 및 집행 시 공사 특성을 반영하지 못한다는 문제점이 지속적으로 지적되어 왔다. 이를 극복하기 위해 공종에 따라 달라지는 위험도를 고려해 산업안전보건관리비를 분배하는 방안을 제안한 연구가 여럿 존재하나, 공사 규모에 대한 고려가 이루어지지는 못했다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 이루어지지 못했던 공사 규모와 공종별 위험도를 모두 고려한 산업안전보건관리비 분배 방안을 제안해 건설현장에서의 안전 관리 계획 수립 및 실행 시 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2017

PURPOSES : With the increasing number of older drivers in an aging society, there is a growing need for research and planning on traffic safety for the older drivers using an improved road geometry design. This study also proposed a modified urban road interchange design, which aims to keep the older drivers away from accident-prone and high-traffic areas of the city. METHODS : In this study, we examined accident data records of older drivers to identify accident-prone zones and intersections; we studied the road geometry at these zones and analyzed if it was an underlying cause for higher number of accidents. Based on the research and subsequent analysis, we suggested plans for improvement of road geometry design at these intersections. RESULTS :By studying historic data and analyzing factors that affect the likelihood of accidents of vehicles driven by older drivers and after studying suitable traffic accident prediction models, we identified the major variables that need to be modified at accident-prone intersections, such as the width of a left turn lane at an intersection and the radius of the right turn lane at a street corner. The results have a significance probability of less than 0.001 and a 95% confidence level. To improve safety at the identified intersection, this study suggests the installation of a left-turn-lane-shaped Positive Offset and a right-turn-lane-shaped Slip Lane concept and an adjustment of intervals between intersections.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2018

Purpose: The use of proper safety restraint systems by children is vital for the reduction of traffic accident-related injury and death. This study evaluated the rates of use of safety restraint systems and front seats by Korean children. Methods: Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015, I investigated the frequencies of safety restraint systems and front seat use by children under six and 12 years of age, respectively. Results: The percentage of respondents who said they always use safety restraint systems increased from 17.7% in 2008 to 45.0% in 2015. The rate of children who did not use the front seats at all was 47.3 % in 2008 compared to 33.4% in 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a decrease in safety-restraint-system use as age increased (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.77). The use rate of front-passenger seat belts by the mother is significantly correlated with the safety-restraint-system use rate by children (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.12-4.06). Conclusion: Although the rate of safety-restraint-system use for children is increasing annually, it remains low. Additionally, the use rate of front passenger seats for children is high. To reduce the rates of injury and death of children from traffic accidents, it is necessary to educate on the appropriate use of safety restraint systems according to age and body size and to develop stronger regulations.