• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2018

Objectives: Airway management in patients with panfacial trauma is complicated. In addition to involving facial lesions, such trauma compromises the airway, and the use of intermaxillary fixation makes it difficult to secure ventilation by usual approaches (nasotracheal or endotracheal intubation). Submental airway derivation is an alternative to tracheostomy and nasotracheal intubation, allowing a permeable airway with minimal complications in complex patients. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study based on a review of medical records of all patients with facial trauma from January 2003 to May 2015. In total, 31 patients with complex factures requiring submental airway derivation were included. No complications such as bleeding, infection, vascular, glandular, or nervous lesions were presented in any of the patients. Results: The use of submental airway derivation is a simple, safe, and easy method to ensure airway management. Moreover, it allows an easier reconstruction. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that, if the relevant steps are followed, the use of submental intubation in the treatment of patients with complex facial trauma is a safe and effective option.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.24-32
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• 2018

The law reflects the situation of the times, understands the society, and shows the will of the state and the community. The Means of Egress should be maintained from design to construction, supervision, as well as use, in order to protect the lives and property of the residents as well as the safe use of the facilities. However, Interior Architects are think that evacuation and safety regulations are complex elements that change frequently and may inhibit the idea of design. The purpose of this study is to propose a design method for the use of safe facilities in the interior architectural design on the evacuation regulations affecting the actual design by the IBC(the International Building Code) and NFPA(National Fire Protection Association) LSC (Life Safety Code). The research method is to investigate and analyze the provisions related to the evacuation of interior architecture in the US and to understand the current regulations and the evacuation regulations. We suggest to design method to the details of the hallway, corridors, aisle accessway, door way, exit path, In particular, the design of furniture, tables and chairs layout that could be obstacles to evacuation situations is presented.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1981

This study was conducted with 478 farm households located in Pyongtaek Gun of Gyonggi Do, Chongju City and Chongwon Gun of Chung Buk Do, and Hongchon Gun of Gangwon Do for the period of 10, September through 20, October 1980. It dealt with general features of the farmhouseholds, their practices of handling and using pescides, and relationship between safe use of pesticides and poisoning experiences. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Of the total, 63.2% purchased pesticides mainly through the Agricultural Coops, and 95.4% transported them home separately from other goods. 2 Pesticides were sold contained mainly in glass bottles and paper bags. 3. Mixing of the respodents (87.5%) stored pesticides in sheds, warehouses and boxes. 4. Mixing containers and measuring tools were not used by the majority of the group studied. This indicates that there exist serious problems of safety and accuracy with regard to use of pesticides. 5. As to pesticide protective devices, gloves, respirators, goggles and boots were not used in general. Even in case of using them, their quality was not satisfactory. 6. Among the interviewees, 4.2% did not read pesticide label, 33.9% did not wash immediately when pesticide was spilled on the skin, 48.4% did not care the wind direction during pesticide application, and 17.0% did not wash hands when smoking a cigarette while pesticide is being handled. 7. Of the total, 40.4% were found to harvest vegetables within 10 days from the date of pesticide application, which indicates their unawareness of possible hazards by pesticide residues. 8. Empty pesticide containers or bags were not properly disposed of by majority of the respondents. Furthermore, impacts on the environment by the misuse or abuse of pesticides were not understood by 67.6% 9. Of the interviewees, 48.7% were found to have not received instructions on safe use of pesticides. 10. The rate of pesticidal poisoning experience was about 28.0% if minor symptoms excluded, and it rose to about 44.0% if included. Meanwhile, the rate of pesticidal poisoning tends to increase with the size of farm. 11. The study failed to show a statistically significant relationship between the rate of pesticidal poisoning and use of mixing container and/or measuring tools. However, use of gloves showed a statistical significance on the rate of pesticidal poisoning. 12. Among the poisoned cases, 19.0% were cared for in either hospitals or clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

In case of using the electrical apparatus in the hazardous atmosphere which exist flammable gas mixtures, There is a dangerosity of gas explosion accident by the electrical spark. The most general method to prevent the explosion by the spark is to use the flame-proof type electrical apparatus to isolate the ignition source. from the flammable atmosphere. But actualy it is impossible to isolate the ignition sources from the atmosphere. So it was needed to find the safe gap which prevent ignition of flammable atmosphere by transmission of flame or heat when a flammable gas mixture exploded inside the apparatus. In this study we tried to find the maximum experimental safe gap(MESG) of $H_2$-air, and $CH_4$-air mixtures by using the 8 litre spherical vessel with 25mm flange. The experiment parameter were ignition position, concentration and initial pressure before explosion. From the experiment the ignition position was affected to the MESG. MESG value was minimum near the stoichiometric concentration of gas mixtures, and according to the increase of initial pressure MESG was decreased.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.478-495
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• 2016

The existing city planning was performed by internal few decision-maker, but the information that an individual could contact with through the evolution of the ICT technology increased in the smart city, and a channel diversified and came to be able to participate in a decision making process by various methods. I show that it is in the collaborative planning process to come to a mutual understanding with residents directly or indirectly if utilize big data in a process of the safe community planning of the smart city. Therefore, I compare the utilization contents between data of Matsubara-shi,Japan and data of certification city of Korea which received the certification of the WHO international safe community. In the area where this study prepares for the approval of the international safe community, it wants you to use it though you utilize the data as the supporting role of the residents participation plan.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2001

This paper presents the implementation of comparator which are Fail-Safe with respect to faults caused by any single physical defect likely to occur in NMOS and CMOS integrated circuit. The goal is to use it at the Fail-Safe system. First, a new fault model for PLA(Programmable Logic Array) is presented. This model reflects several physical defects in VLSI circuits. It focuses on designs based on PLA because VLSI chips are far too complex to allow detailed analysis of all the possible physical defects that can occur and of the effects on the operation of the circuit. Second, this paper show that these design, which was implemented with 2 level AND_ORor NOR-NOR circuit, are optimal in term of size. And it also present a formal proof that a comparator implemented as NOR-NOR PLA, based on these design, is self-testing with respect to most single faults in the presented fault model. Finally, it discuss the application of the self-testing comparator as a building block for implementing Fail-Safe Adder.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1845-1852
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• 2015

From bar code systems and radio frequency identification (RFID) to beacons utilizing low power bluetooth technology, the fusion of information technology and health and medical treatment is spreading through advances such as automated treatment and examination stages and the use of treatment information connected to smart devices. In this paper, designed and implemented a mobile health care system for the safe management of blood transfusions to prevent accidental problems that can occur during patient blood transfusions. It makes safe and effective blood transfusion possible by using smart devices to read information saved on patient bracelets, blood-collecting containers, blood transfusion bags, and medical personnel identification cards so that they match patient information. By applying the blood transfusion management mobile health care system presented and implemented in this paper to blood transfusion processes in hospitals, it was verified that it allows for safe and effective blood transfusion, preventing accidents which may occur in blood transfusion processes.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 1993

Increasing Public Concern : Pesticide residue is probably one of the fastest growing problems in regard to environmental contamination. Pesticide use in agriculture in this century has produced certain benefits, including a decrease in crop waste and an increase in crop yields and food quality. However, pesticide use also creates problems of having effects on the environment and remaining in food chain. The presence of pesticide residue in food, water, and soil has aroused public concern over potential health hazards. Despite information provided by national and private level agencies suggesting that food is safe, consumer groups worldwide are demanding assurance as to the safely of agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 1992

Pesticides are regarded as one of indispensable materials used in agriculture to protect pests and to keep the agricultural productions steadily. However, food contamination arisen from their application has brought about public concerns for safety suspicion to human health. A brief presentation is given in this paper on what has been conducted against pesticide residues to evaluate and ensure the safety of agro-porducts. The commonest countermeasures to keep safety would be tile establishment of MRls and safe-use guidelines of pesticides according to good agricultural practices. Korean MRls have been established on 38 chemicals with 56 commodities and in the case of safe-use guidelines 344 formulation items have been done by the government On the other hand, no satisfactory information is still available to evalute the actual residue levels in domestic agro-products, but a cautious proposal could be suggested through the fragmentary monitoring data of pesticide residues, so that the current residue levels would be far from potent hazard enough to cause chronic impact on human. The most important thing is to have the farmers keep safe use guidelines at pesticide application for the production of safe agricultural commodities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.21-32
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• 1992

Pesticides are regarded as one of indispensable materials used in agriculture to protect pests and to keep the agriculture productions steadily. However, food contamination arisen from their application has brought about public concerns for safety suspicion to human health. A brief presentation is given in this paper on what has been conducted against pesticide residues to evaluate and ensure the safety of agro-products. The commonest countermeasures to keep safety would be the establishment of MRLs and safe-use guidelines of pesticides according to good agricultural practices. Korean MRLs have bun established on 38 chemicals with 56 commodities and in the case of safe-use guidelines 344 formulation items have been done by the government. On the other hand, no satisfactory information is still available to evalute the actual residue levels in domestic agro-products, but a cautious proposal could be suggested through the fragmentary monitoring data of pesticide residues, so that the current residue levels would be far from potent hazard enough to cause chronic impact on human. The most important thing is to have the farmers keep safe use guidelines at pesticide application for the production of safe agriculture commodities.