• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.284-289
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• 1991

the nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminal 568 bases of the 18S rRNA gene from Mucor racemosus was determined. The 3' end of the structural gene was identified by comparison with the published sequence for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene. The M. racemosus gene was found to share 83.8% homology with that of S. cerevisiae and 71-81% homology with those of human, mouse, maize, Xenopus laevis and Tetrahymena thermophila. The known methylation sites in X. laevis and human were also highly conserved in M. racemosus and located within most conserved regions of 18S RNA gene throughout evolution.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

To provide information for the molecular pathogenesis and antigenic structures of Korean isolates of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the small membrane (sM) protein gene of Chinju99 strain, which was previously isolated from piglets suffering from severe diarrhea was characterized and further analyzed with other PEDV strains. The sM gene of Chinju99 generated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction had a single open reading frame with 231 bases consisting of 24.2% adenine, 18.6% cytosine, 18.1% guanine and 39.0% thymine nucleotides. Nucleotide sequence of the gene revealed 97.8% homology to those of Belgian strain CV777 and British strain Br1/87, and 97.0% to Chinese strain LZC. The gene encoded a protein with 76 amino acids, and putative amino acid sequence of the gene revealed 98.7% homology to those of CV777 and Br1/87, and 96.1% to LZC. The amino acids of Chinju99 sM gene consisted of mostly hydrophobic residues, and there were one potential N-myristylation site and one potential threonine (T)-linked phosphorylation site recognized. Also, there was a transmembrane region with 46 amino acids, and Chinju99 was more close to CV777 and Br1/87 than to LZC in phylogenetic analysis on the sM amino acid sequences.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.122.2-123
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate whether the presence of mcy gene and microcystin production are related to morphological characteristics of Korean Microcystis species. We isolated 6 different species of Microcystis (M. aeruginosa, M. ichthyoblabe, M. flos-aquae, M. novacekii, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii) from drinking water supply dams (Yeongchun, Ankei, Gachang), and used microscopic method for morphological identification, molecular method for amplifying a partial region of mcyB gene and ELISA method for microcystin analysis. In the present study, 80% of M. aeruginosa strains contained mcy gene, followed by 45% (10 strains) of M. icthyoblabe, 33% (1 strain) of M. wesenbergii, and 11% (4 strains) of M. flos-aquae. Each percentage of mcy gene in Microcystis morphospecies was similar to that of microcystin production in Microcystis morophospecies. In conclusion, the present study shows that molecular method using mcy gene primers can be used as an indirect indicator for the monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis).

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 1999

We fused the promoter region of an H3.2 chicken histone gene, whose expression is dependent on the cell cycle, to the 5' coding region of an H3.3 chicken histone gene, which is expressed constitutively at a low level throughout the cell cycle. This fusion gene showed a cell cycle-regulated pattern of expression, but in a different manner. The mRNA level of the fusion gene increase during the S phase of the cell cycle by about 3.7-fold at 6 h and 2.7-fold at 12 h after the serum stimulation. The mRNA level of the intact H3.2 gene, however, increased by an average of 3.6-fold at 6 h and 8.7-fold at 12 h. This different expression pattern might be due to the differences in their 3' end region that is responsible for mRNA stability. The 3' end of the H3.2 mRNA contains a stem-loop structure, instead of a poly(A) tail present in the H3.3 mRNA. We also constructed a similar fusion gene using a H3.3 histone gene whose introns had been eliminated to rule out the possibility of involvement of the introns in cell cycle-regulated expression. The expression of this fusion gene was almost identical to the fusion gene made previously. These results indicate that the promoter region of the H3.2 gene is only partially responsible for its expression during the S phase of the cell cycle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2007

An enantioselective lipase gene (esf) for the kinetic resolution of optically active (S)-flurbiprofen was cloned from the new strain Serratia marcescens ES-2. The esf gene was composed of a 1,845-bp open reading frame encoding 614 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 64,978 Da. The lipase expressed in E. coli was purified by a three-step procedure, and it showed preferential substrate specificity toward the medium-chain-length fatty acids. The esf gene encoding the enantioselective lipase was reintroduced into the parent strain S. marcescens ES-2 for secretory overexpression. The transformant S. marcescens BESF secreted up to 217kU/ml of the enantioselective lipase, about 54-fold more than the parent strain, after supplementing 3.0% Triton X-207. The kinetic resolution of (S)-flurbiprofen was carried out even at an extremely high (R,S)-flurbiprofen ethyl ester [(R,S)-FEE] concentration of 500 mM, 130 kU of the S. marcescens ES-2 lipase per mmol of (R,S)-FEE, and 1,000 mM of succinyl ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ as the dispenser at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12h, achieving the high enantiomeric excess and conversion yield of 98% and 48%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.286-290
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• 2006

A genomic library of Streptococcus vestibularis ATCC49124 was constructed in an E. coli plasmid vector, and the urease-positive transformants harboring the urease gene cluster were isolated on Christensen-urea agar plates. The minimal DNA region required for urease activity was located in a 5.6 kb DNA fragment, and a DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a partial ureI gene and seven complete open reading frames, corresponding to ureA, B, C, E, F, G, and D, respectively. The nucleotide sequence over the entire ure gene cluster and 3'-end flanking region of S. vestibularis was up to 95% identical to that of S. salivarius, another closely related oral bacterium, and S. thermophilus, isolated from dairy products. The predicted amino acid sequences for the structural peptides were 98-100% identical to the corresponding peptides in S. salivarius and S. thermophilus, respectively, whereas those for the accessory proteins were 96-100% identical. The recombinant E. coli strain containing the S. vestibularis ure gene cluster expressed a high level of the functional urease holoenzyme when grown in a medium supplemented with 1 mM nickel chloride. The enzyme was purified over 49-fold by using DEAE-Sepharose FF, Superdex HR 200, and Mono-Q HR 5/5 column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 2,019 U/mg, and the Michaelis constant ($K_{m}$) of the enzyme was estimated to be 1.4 mM urea. A Superose 6HR gel filtration chromatography study demonstrated that the native molecular weight was about 196 kDa.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2004

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.404-412
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• 2016

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha ($AMPK{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). $AMPK{\alpha}$ gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta ($CEBP{\beta}$) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2007

Regions (about 3.7-3.8 kb) of the mitochondrial genomes (rrnL-cox1) of two tardigrades, a heterotardigrade, Batillipes pennaki, and a eutardigrade, Pseudobiotus spinifer, were sequenced and characterized. The gene order in Batillipes was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}-\underline{I}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1, and in Pseudobiotus it was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1. With the exception of the trnI gene, the two tardigrade regions have the same gene content and order. Their gene orders are strikingly similar to that of the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus (rrnL-V-rrnS-CR-I-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1), which is considered to be ancestral for arthropods. Although the tardigrades do not have a distinct control region (CR) within this segment, the trnI gene in Pseudobiotus is located between rrnL-trnL1 and trnL2-nad1, and the trnI gene in Batillipes is located between trnQ and trnM. In addition, the 106-bp region between trnQ and trnM in Batillipes not only contains two plausible trnI genes with opposite orientations, but also exhibits some CR-like characteristics. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of 183 other protostomes were compared. 60 (52.2%) of the 115 arthropods examined have the M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1 arrangement, and 88 (76.5%) the M-nad2-W arrangement, as found in the tardigrades. In contrast, no such arrangement was seen in the 70 non-arthropod protostomes studied. These are the first non-sequence molecular data that support the close relationship of tardigrades and arthropods.