• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.94-104
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• 2001

Objective : The objective of tihs study is to study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and effects of immune-response of aqua-acupuncture with Cuscutae Semen infusion solution. Methods : We observed, in-vitro, the cytotoxicity and the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, and in-vivo, change of body weight, surviving number, MST, ILS, changes in amount of WBC, RBC, PLT, GOT, GPT, creatinine, glucose and LDH, number of Pulmonary colony. Results : 1. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was decreased in all the sample groups in B16-F10 cell line, and was decreased in Lane 1, 2, 3 in HT1080 cell, compared with control group. 2. BALB/c mice which was transpianted S-180 cancer cell line were inhibited significantly in weight increase, in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 3. The sample groups injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice did'nt show significant change in the number of WBC, RBC, PLT. 4. In immune experiment, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal groups. 5. $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in cytokine-gene were increased in all the sample groups than control group. 6. In flow cytometry of spienic cell, the numbers of CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell and CD19+ cell in sample groups were increased than in control group. Conclusion : Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Cuscutae Semen infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-97
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of electroacupuncture at Kokchi($LI_{11}$) in rats. Methods: A study administer AAPH to the abdominal cavity of rats and stimulate Kokchi($LI_{11}$) of the rat that lead to oxidative stress by electropuncture. And the study survey serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, GOT, GPT and measure SOD activity, GSH concentration, catalase activity, NO concentration, MDA concentration. Results: 1. At the analysis of blood chemistry Albumin and Glucose significantly increase at $LI_{11}$-NR group, $LI_{11}$-EA group than at control group and holder group. LDL cholesterol, GOT, GPT decrease meaningfully. 2. As results of measurement at liver, SOD, Catalase represnet significantly increase at $LI_{11}$-NR group and $LI_{11}$-EA group than at control group and holder group. 3. Glutathione has some increases at the $LI_{11}$-NR group and $LI_{11}$-EA group than at the control group and the holder group. 4. As a result of measurement of NO and MDA's content, the content of NO decrease at the $LI_{11}$-NR group than at the control group. That reduces more meaningfully at the $LI_{11}$-EA group than at the control group. MDA has a significant decrease at the $LI_{11}$-NR group and the $LI_{11}$-EA group. 5. At the histological analysis, the study confirm that the density of intracellular cytoplasm in the liver tissue decreases at the control group as compared with the Normal group and the size of cell increases. Conclusions : These results suppose that electroacupuncture at $LI_{11}$ has an anti-oxidant effect in human.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.293-303
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any beneficial effects of massage or microwave diathermy regarding delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and indices of muscle damage. Twenty-one adult women, randomly divided in two treatment groups and a control group, performed eccentric stepping exercise with the quadriceps until exhaustion. The treatment groups additionally performed massage or microwave diathermy after the stepping exercise. Pressure pain threshold measure for DOMS and muscle enzymes in the blood were obtained before, and 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The results were as follows; 1. Eccentric exercise caused DOMS and elevations of muscle enzymes in the blood, with peak values exercise levels by 24 hours after exercise and GOT and CRP by 72 hours after exercise. DOMS and CK activity remained elevated 72 hours after exercise. 2. DOMS and blood muscle enzymes response to eccentric exercise were reduces by massage or micro diathermy therapy. DOMS was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. CK activity was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by microwave diathermy. There was the significant reduction in LDH at 48 hours, GOT at 24, 48, 72 hours. and CRP at 24, 48 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. These results indicate that massage or microwave diathermy is had effect on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion. microwave diathermy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality because it is more simple and economic than massage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.198-201
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• 2010

This case report describes capture myopathy in an 8-month-old female red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) that died after a 14-day history of depression, lameness and astasia following a bathing protocol for dermatitis. In a blood test performed the day after the wallaby fell down, serum chemistry showed a normal rangeof LDH but elevated CK, ALT and AST. Upon histopathologic examination after the animal's death, we found degeneration and necrosis of myofibers in skeletal muscle and myocardium. According to history that the wallaby was pressed by other individuals, suspected vitamin E insufficiency in the diet, physical stress during bathing as well as results of a blood test and microscopic examination, we diagnosed this case as capture myopathy. Although capture myopathy is a common problem in marsupials, this is the first reported case in Korea and understanding this case will help to manage future cases of capture myopathy in captive settings in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7335-7338
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• 2013

There is increasing evidence that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in antitumor immunity following dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Little is known, however, about the optimal stimulation of DCs by epitopes and NK interactions for cytotoxicity in tumors. In this study, DC cells activated by the HPV16E7.49-57 epitope and LPS were co-cultured with NK cells in vitro, and then used ot immunize mice to study CTL activity of TC-1, which constitutively expresses HPV16E6E7, with an LDH release assay. Cytotoxicity in mice immunized with DC loaded with epitope HPVE7.49-57 vaccine co-cultured with NK was enhanced significantly (p<0.01). In conclusion, talk-across between DC and NK cells enhances their functions, also improving cytotoxicity againsttumor cells, suggesting that activated DC-NK by epitopes has potential application for cancer-specific immuno-cellular therapy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2000

Objectives : Talmyung-san(TMS) has been used for treatment of brain diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which TMS rescues brain cells from ischemic damages. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of TMS, we execute experiments. Methods : The effects of TMS on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity and generation of nitric oxide(NO) are investigated in primary neonatal myocardial cells and A7rS, aortic smooth muscle cell line. Results : Ischemia/reperfusion itself induces severe myocardial cell death in vitro. However, treatment of the cells with TMS significantly reduces both ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial cell death and LDH release. In addition, pretreatment of TMS before reperfusion recovers the lose of beating rates alter ischemia/reperfusion. For a while, the water extract of TMS stimulates myocardial cells to produce NO in a dose dependent manner and it protects the damage of ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of the water extract of TMS is mimicked by treatment of sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS), significantly blocks the protective effects of TMS on the cells after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, on ischemia the water extract of TMS induce NO in A7r5 cell. Conclusions : Taken together, we suggest that the protective effects of TMS against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damages may be mediated by NO production of myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell during ischemic condition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

The object of this study was to observe the effects of Scutellariae Radix (SR) aqueous extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury. Five different dosages of SR extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days before LPS treatments, and then 5 hours after lipopolysaccharide treatment, all rats were sacrificed. 8 groups, each of 16 rats per group were used in the present study. Changes on the body weights, lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit, arterial gas parameters (pH, $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$) contents, total cell numbers, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), proinflammatory cytokine TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1${\beta}$ contents were observed with histopathology of the lung, changes on luminal surface of alveolus (LSA), thickness of alveolar septum, number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The results were compared with a potent antioxidant ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, 60 mg/kg, in which the effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury were already confirmed. The results obtained in this study suggest that over 125 mg/kg of SR extracts showed favorable effects on the LPS-induced acute lung injury, and 250 mg/kg of SR extracts resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and .as similar to ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid in the present study. Therefore, it is expected that SR will be showed favorable effects on the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2007

Low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been utilized in many clinical applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal lesion. This study was to investigate the effects of low power He-Ne IR laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the change of the serum biochemical components in experimentally induced muscle injured rats. The twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: the normal group (n=5), the control group (n=5), the low power laser irradiation group (LLI) (n=5) and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (NMES) (n=5). The experimentally induced muscle injury was induced by the subcutaneous injection of a 0.1 ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and calf muscles in control, LLI and NMES groups. The LLI group was irradiated with He-Ne IR laser for 5 minutes every day during 10 days. Also, the NMES group was electrically stimulated 15 minutes every day during 10 days. The normal and control groups were not received with any therapeutic intervention. The authors performed tests which were the concentration of the serum biochemical components to detect the effects of therapeutic interventions. The results were as follows: 1. The level of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 2. The level of the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 3. The level of the serum creatine kinase (CK) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. From the results, we could come to the conclusion that low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation could be accelerating healing processes of skeletal muscle injury and further clinical work will be required.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.129-149
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• 2003

Liver is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Acetaminophen pverdose causes acute liver injury in both humans and animals. This study was performed to observe the effect of sachunwhan and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 4 groups: sachungwhan(SC), samultang group(SC-1: 當歸, 川芎), chungyul group(SC-2: 龍膽草, 大黃, 梔子), and haepyo group(SC-3:羌活, 防風). Under the same condition Normal group was fed basal diet and water; Control group was injected acetaminophen and fed basal diet for 2 weeks; Experimental groups were injected acetaminophen and fed each extracts for 2 weeks respectively. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study on antioxidative defense system in vivo, SC reduced the amount of lipid peroxide in both serum and liver and showed activity on antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, glutathion. Other groups had effect only on glutathion. 2. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH, Bilirubin), SC had a significant effect on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. Other groups had no effect except SC-1 having effect on ${\gamma}$-GTP. As results shown, only Sachungwhan(SC) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. These results suggest that Sachungwhan(SC) made antioxidative defense system active and it seemed to be very important to its effect on recovery of hepatoxicity. In the other hand, Component groups had no effect on recoverv of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. This was thought that component drugs' cooperative synergy effect would be important to Sachungwhan(SC)'s effects mentioned in this paper.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Objectives : The water extract of Nueihyuljunbang (NHJB) has long been used for treatment of ischemic brain damage in Oriental Medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of NHJB recovers brain cens from ischemic damage. Methods : To elucidate the protective mechanism on ischemic induced cytotoxicity, we investigated the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in C6 glial cells. Results : LPS combined PMA treatment for 72 hours in C6 glial cells markedly induced nitric oxide (NO), but treatment of the cells with the water extract of NHJB decreased dose-dependently nitrite formation. In addition, LPS combined PMA treatment for 72 hours induced severe celt death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in C6 glial cells. However, treatment of the celts with the water extract of NHJB did not induce significant change compared to control cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of the water extract of NHJB were mimicked by the treatment of NGMMA, a specific inhibitor of NOS. LPS combined PMA induced iNOS activation in C6 glial cells caused chromosomal condensation and fragmentation of the nuclei by caspase activation. The treatment of C6 glial cells with the water extract of NHJB might suppress apoptosis via caspase inhibition by regulation of iNOS expression. Conclusions : From the results, we suggest that the protective effects of the water extract of NHJB against ischemic brain damage may be mediated by regulation of iNOS during ischemic condition.