• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.472-475
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study is to establish the value of hand elevation test as a reproducible provocative test for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods : We had a prospective study of 45 hands of 38 patients diagnosed with CTS between April 2005 and February 2009. The diagnosis of CTS was based on the American Academy of Neurology clinical diagnostic criteria. Experimental and control group patients underwent Tinel's test, Phalen's test, carpal compression test and hand elevation test as provocative tests for CTS. Results : We used chi-square analysis to compare Tinel's test and Phalen's test, carpal compression test with hand elevation test. The sensitivity and specificity of the hand elevation test is 86.7% and 88.9% each. Tinel's test had 82.2% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity. Phalen's test had 84.4% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity. Carpal compression test had 84.4% sensitivity 82.2% specificity. Comparisons of sensitivity and specificity between hand elevation test and Tinel's test, Phalen's test, and carpal compression test had no statistically significant differences. To compare the diagnostic accuracies of four tests, the area under the non-parametric receiver operating character curve was applied. Conclusion : The hand elevation test has higher sensitivity and specificity than Tinel's test, Phalen's test, and carpal compression test. Chi-square statistical analysis confirms the hand elevation test is not ineffective campared with Tinel's test, Phalen's test, and carpal compression test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 1998

In order to establish a sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detection of antibody to Salmonella pullorum, a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was designed and standardized. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with that of the serum plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test for pullorum disease. 1. The chicken hyperimmune sera to Salmonella pullorum, S gallinarum, S typhimurium and S typhi were shown the cross reaction to S pullorum antigen by serum plate agglutination test. 2. When compared the cross reaction titer of microplate agglutination test for chickens hyperimmune sera, it was found that the titer were 64 in S pullorum, 32 in S gallinarum, 4 in S typhimurium and 8 in S typhi, respectively. 3. When compared the specificity of various antigen(HA, EA, PA and SA) by the immunodiffusion test, the most suitable antigen was phenol-treated bactrium. 4. The optimal concentration of S pullorum antigen for ELISA was 1 : 160 dilution of bacterium. 5. The efficacy of the ELISA for detection of S pullorum antibody was compared with serum Plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test in chickens infected with S pullorum. The antibody was first detected at 6 days after infection using three tests examined. The antibody was alldetected at 9 days by ELISA, at 12 days by serumplate agglutination test, at 15 days by immunodiffusion test.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.351-363
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider the entropy-based goodness of fit test (Vasicek's test) for a composite hypothesis. The test measures the discrepancy between the nonparametric entropy estimate and the parametric entropy estimate obtained from an assumed parametric family of distributions. It is shown that the proposed test is asymptotically normal under regularity conditions, but is affected by parameter estimates. As a remedy, a bootstrap version of Vasicek's test is proposed. Simulation results are provided for illustration.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the relation between Orthopedic Test of sacroiliac joint and two Sacrum Malposition Tests. Methods : We investigated 56 cases of patients who complained of unilateral sacroiliac joint pain and were diagnosed as sacrum malposition. We used Gaenslen's Test, Sacroiliac Resisted Abduction Test and Patric's Test as Orthopedic Test for pain area, while used Thompson's Sacrum Test and Greenman's 4 Point Test for diagnosis of sacrum malposition. Results : P-value was 0.511 between Thompson's Sacrum Test and Greenman's 4 Point Test within negative Orthopedic Test, and was 0.523 within positive Orthopedic Test(p>0.05) Conclusions : The results suggested that the Thompson's Sacrum Test was not statistically correlation with Greenman's 4 Point Test within negative Orthopedic Test, and was not correlated within positive Orthopedic Test.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.46-54
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• 2012

Ely's test is commonly used to assess rectus femoris muscle flexibility. however, a reliability limit of this test was demonstrated by a previous study. In this study, we present an alternative method using an application for a digital horizontal level in a smartphone (DHLS) to complement the reliability limit of Ely's test. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of Ely's test using DHLS on the pelvis, compared to using visual observation (VO) of pelvic and hip motions. Nineteen patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome were recruited for this study. An examiner examined the rectus femoris flexibility (both pass/fail and goniometer scoring) through Ely's test using both DHLS and VO. A retest session was completed two hours later for within-day reliability and seven days later for between-day intra-rater test-retest reliability. Results showed higher Kappa values for pass/fail scoring and higher intraclass correlation coefficient values for goniometer scoring in Ely's test using DHLS, compared to using VO. Measurement error and Bland and Altman plots further demonstrated the degree of intra-rater variance during Ely's test using DHLS in a clinical setting, compared to using VO. These results demonstrated that Ely's test using DHLS showed acceptable reliability compared to using VO. Ely's test using DHLS could be widely used for measuring the rectus femoris muscle flexibility in patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome, although the inter-rater reliability needs to be established first.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

The evaluation of reliability is very important in the development process of software. There may be lack of trustfulness on the results that come from the analysis and evaluation of reliability of softwares which do not divide the test phases. At this point, this article studies how to evaluate the reliability dividing the test phases in order to settle the these problems. In doing so, I apply the fault data to be found in Unit Test, Integration Test, Validation Test and System Test to SRGM(Software Reliability Growth Model), Exponential SRGM, Delayed S-shaped SRGM and Inflection S-shaped SRGM. The result is that Inflection S-shaped is best suitable with Unit Test Delayed S-shaped is best suitable with Integration and Validation Test, and Exponential SRGM is best suitable with System test. In this respect, I can show that the results of this study on parameter estimation, difference square summation, number of fault remained is superior to the established methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1340-1352
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• 2008

In this study, S-wave velocity range is gauged in every field test method at the total 5 locations in the marine deposits in Incheon area. field test method is accomplished the SPT(Standard Penetration Test), CPT(Cone Penetration Test), SPS(Suspension PS Logger), SCPT (Seismic Cone Penetration Test) and so on. The S-wave velocity of SCPT in the downhole test method is measured lower than SPS logger at the N value > 15 range. But at the N value < 15 range, SPS logger and SCPT result is measured same. In this result, although the soil strength of the downhole test method increased, the rate of S-wave velocity is tend to be slowed. This result shows that the downhole test is difficult to apply at the place that the intensity of soil is more extreme and harder soil. And it shows that the existing Imai(1982) type that is mostly used within the country is not suitable for the marine deposits. Thus, the empirical formula that can show the range of S-wave velocity in each N value for domestic soil is needed.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2007

The various levels of test are performed to verify the correctness, completeness, and quality of the developed flight software. The three main test levels are unit test, integration test and verification test. The flight software unit test is performed on the individual PC environment using target simulator. And integration and verification test is mainly performed on STB(S/W Test Bed) which provides test and debugging environments for flight software on the target board This document is to present the test environment for the next generation low earth orbit satellite flight software development.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1790-1792
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• 2004

This paper deals with the lightning test methods on aircraft. It shows lightning current and voltage test waveforms referred to SAE ARP 5412. According to this standard, to test lightning effects, mixes appropriately 5 waves for current and 4 waves for voltage depend on structure and comparison information.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

Biochemical characteristic of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis that are pathogens of streptococcosis of cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, in Jeju area was examined. The result of experiments on the grow according to temperatures showed that only S. parauberis grew at 10℃, the result of hemolysis test showed that only S. iniae bacteria showed β hemolysis. Only S. parauberis were positive in VP test and HIP test, both bacteria used α-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-psicose, D-trehalose, pyruvatic acid methyl ester, and glycerol as substrates. L-lactic acid was used only S. iniae bacteria, and β-methyl-D-glucosid was used only by S. parauberis. S. iniae exhibited acute infection patten, differently S. parauberis exhibited chronic infection patten in pathogenic test.