• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the prospective impact of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ${\varepsilon}4$ on cognitive performance in the community-dwelling elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods : The total number of subjects was 30 (12 men and 18 women) who were diagnosed with AD from a Korean project of "Early Detection of Dementia". People aged 65-85 years were included in the analysis. The eight neuropsychological domains from the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) were conducted to test subjects. They have been followed at 24-month intervals with the same assessments at each interval. Their cognitive performance at 2 year intervals was compared by the occurrence of the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$. Results : The impact of ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significant in the Word List Memory Test (WLMT, F = 4.345, df = 1, p = 0.021) and Word List Recall Test (WLRT, F = 5.569, df = 1, p = 0.033). Conclusions : The APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significantly correlated especially with verbal episodic memory domain in community-dwelling elders diagnosed with AD.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제43권10호
• /
• pp.656-663
• /
• 2010

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is cleaved by gamma/epsilon-secretase activity and results in the generation of different lengths of the APP Intracellular C-terminal Domain (AICD). In spite of its small size and short half-life, AICD has become the focus of studies on AD pathogenesis. Recently, it was demonstrated that AICD binds to different intracellular binding partners ('adaptor protein'), which regulate its stability and cellular localization. In terms of choice of adaptor protein, phosphorylation seems to play an important role. AICD and its various adaptor proteins are thought to take part in various cellular events, including regulation of gene transcription, apoptosis, calcium signaling, growth factor, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway activation, as well as the production, trafficking, and processing of APP, and the modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. This review discusses the possible roles of AICD in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

• 대한치매학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most representative neurodegenerative diseases, has diverse neurobiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Treatment strategies targeting a single mechanism have repeated faced failures because the mechanism of neuronal cell death is very complex that is not fully understood yet. Since complex mechanisms exist to explain AD, a variety of diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosing AD are required. Moreover, standardized evaluations for comprehensive diagnosis using neuropsychological, imaging, and laboratory tools are needed. In this review, we summarize the latest clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, and laboratory evaluations to diagnose patients with AD based on our own experience in conducting a prospective study.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제47권7호
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2014

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic bioactive peptide that was first isolated from an ovine hypothalamus in 1989. PACAP belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) superfamily. PACAP is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurotrophic factor via three major receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2). Recent studies have shown a neuroprotective role of PACAP using in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we briefly summarize the current findings on the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of PACAP in different brain injury models, such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will provide information for the future development of therapeutic strategies in treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.208.1-208.1
• /
• 2003

In recent, growing aged people in coupled with the increased senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, has been a social interests to be cleared out. Alzheimer Disease(AD), first reported by Alios Alzheimer (1864-1915) in 1907, is a neurodegenrative disease. Nothing exact cause of AD is available by now, but in clinical founding ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide(A${\beta}$) and microtubule associated protein($\tau$ protein) is to involved in the disease, and the most important feature in AD is Known to induce chronic inflammation to neuron cell. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 2017

The brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) is an important imaging biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the cerebral atrophy has been shown to strongly associate with cognitive symptoms. The decrease of volume estimates in different structures of the medial temporal lobe related to memory correlates with the decline of cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases. During the past decades several methods have been developed for quantifying the disease related atrophy of hippocampus from MRI. Special effort has been dedicated to separate AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) related modifications from normal aging for the purpose of early detection and prediction. We trained a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) with probabilistic outputs on a sample (n = 58) of 20 normal controls (NC), 19 individuals with MCI, and 19 individuals with AD. The model was then applied to the cross-validation of same data set which no labels were known and the predictions. This study presents data on the association between MRI quantitative parameters of hippocampus and its quantitative structural changes examination use on the classification of the diseases.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2004

To examine whether the IL-1A (-889) polymorphism associates with a risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and acts interactively with the apolipoprotein (APOE) $\epsilon$4 in the development of AD, we performed genotype analyses of the IL-1A and the APOE of the 102 Korean AD patients and 200 Korean non-demented controls. We failed to detect a significant difference in genotypic and allelic frequencies of IL-1A between the AD group and control group. No overexpression of the IL-1A C/T genotype and IL-1A T allele was found when we analyzed the late-onset and early-onset patients, separately. There was no significant genetic interaction between IL-1A polymorphism and the APOE polymorphism. I n conclusion, the IL-1A polymorphism did not contribute to the development of AD independently or interactively with the APOE $\epsilon$4 allele in Koreans.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.5150-5155
• /
• 2011

인지증을 유발하는 원인은 알츠하이머병(Alzheimer's Disease: AD)과 혈관성 인지증(vascular Dementia: VD)이 가장 높은 비율을 차지한다. 본 논문에서는 측정된 라만 스펙트럼에서 AD, VD, 정상(NOR: normal)을 분류하기 위해 변별력 있는 영역을 조사하고, 특징 변환을 이용한 분류 실험 결과를 제시하였다. 혈소판으로부터 측정한 라만 스펙트럼은 먼저 smoothing을 적용한 다음 배경 잡음을 제거하고 스펙트럼의 기준 피크를 중심으로 그 위치를 정렬하였고 minmax 방법을 사용하여 정규화 하였다. 전처리를 거친 스펙트럼은 AD와 VD, NOR를 변별하기 가장 용이한 영역을 결정하기 위해 조사되었으며, 그 결과 725-777, 1504-1592, 1632-1700 $cm^{-1}$ 영역에서 스펙트럼이 많은 차이를 보임을 확인하였다. 분류 실험은 선택한 각 영역에 대하여 PCA(principal component analysis)와 NMF(nonnegative matrix factorization) 방법을 적용하여 얻은 특징을 이용하여 행하였다. 총 327개의 라만 스펙트럼에 대한 MAP(maximum a posteriori probability) 분류 실험 결과에 따르면, 본 연구에서 제안된 국부 영역 변환 특징을 사용했을 때 평균 92.8 %의 분류율을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.361-377
• /
• 2024

The dried rattan stem of the Fibraurea Recisa Pierre plant contains the active ingredient known as fibrauretine (FN). Although it greatly affects Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism of their effects still remains unclear. Proteomics and transcriptomics analysis methods were used in this study to determine the mechanism of FN in the treatment of AD. AD model is used through bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ_1-40. After successful modeling, FN was given for 30 days. The results showed that FN could improve the cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats, reduce the expression of AE and P-Tau, increase the content of acetylcholine and reduce the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enriched differentially expressed genes and proteins are involved in signaling pathways including metabolic pathway, AD, pathway in cancer, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Transcriptomics and proteomics sequencing resulted in 19 differentially expressed genes and proteins. Finally, in contrast to the model group, after FN treatment, the protein expressions and genes associated with the PI3K-AKT pathway were significantly improved in RT-qPCR and Western blot and assays. This is consistent with the findings of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Our study found that, FN may improve some symptoms of AD model rats through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.