• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antibiotic and yeast supplemental high energy diet on growth performance, blood characteristics and carcass trait in broilers. Total of four hundred-eighty broilers were randomly allocated into three treatments with eight replications for five weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (control; basal diet), 2) HED (high energy diet) and 3) YD (HED; yeast added to HED instead of virginiamycin, Sacchromyces cerevisiae, $15{\times}10^{10}$). During whole period, weight gain had high tendency in HED treatment. However, there were not significant among treatments (P>0.05). Feed intake was higher in YD treatment than others. However, there were not significant among each treatments (P>0.05). Feed/Gain ratio was significantly lower in HED treatment than others (P<0.05). In blood characteristics, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte were not significant (P>0.05) among treatments. Liver weigh, LW/BW ratio, leg meat weigh, LMW/BW ratio, breast meat weigh, BMW/BW ratio, abdominal fat weigh and AF/BW ratio were not significant (P>0.05). However, body weight was improved (P<0.05) in HED treatment. In conclusion, this experiment is shown that HED treatment affects Feed/Gain ratio and body weight at final period in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2012

The chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation capacity of leaves from three major crop trees found on Jeju Island, Camellia sinensis L., Camellia japonica L., and Citrus unshiu M., were analyzed. The photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation rate of C. sinensis was similar to that of C. unshiu, and much higher than that of C. japonica which belongs to the same genus. Stomatal conductance in the three species was high at dawn and low during daytime. The intercellular $CO_2$ concentration of the three species was also high at dawn and decreased at midday. The transpiration rate showed an opposite trend from the intercellular $CO_2$ concentration. The photochemical efficiencies of PSII (Fv/Fm) in C. sinensis were slightly lower at midday compared to the level at dawn and/or dusk. The decline in Fv/Fm of C. sinensis at midday was much smaller than that of C. japonica. These results indicate that C. sinensis is better acclimated to high levels of radiation under natural conditions in late summer, although its PSII reaction center was inhibited by strong radiation. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the species, the RC/CS decreased significantly while the ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and DIo/RC increased significantly at midday in late summer. However, C. unshiu did not show significant changes in these values depending on the time of day. Among the three species, the daily $CO_2$ fixation rate in C. sinensis ($320.1mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) was the highest, followed by that of C. unshiu ($292.5mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and C. japonica ($244.8mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$). Thus, C. sinensis may be a valuable crop tree in terms of the uptake of $CO_2$ under natural field conditions.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 1996

Purpose : Chest irradiation leads to a significant cardiac injury in a number of patients. To prevent, or to reduce the risk of radiation-induced cardiac injury, pentoxifylline(PTX), a haemorrheologic agent that improves the blood flow through small blood capillaries has been employed. Materials and Methods : One hundred and eighty ICR mice were divided into three study groups: control, radiation alone, and radiation-pentoxifylline. Each group was subdivided into 12 subgroups: 1 3, 6 and 10 days and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks by observation Period after irradiation. The total 15Gy of radiation was delivered in a single fraction through anterior mediastinal port. Pentoxifylline was injected subcutaneously daily 50mg/kg to the back of the mice from the first day of irradiation throughout the observation period. The mice of each group after a certain observation period were sacrificed and sectioned for histopathologic examination of the heart. Result : The findings of acute radiation-induced carditis i.e., heterophilic infiltration and vacuolization and ballooning of endothelial cells were observed upto 6 weeks and reduced sharply afterwards. The late radiation effects including pericarditis with mononuclear cell infiltration, pericardial fibrosis, endothelial cell changes, myocardial degeneration and fibrosis present from 4 weeks onwards after irradiation but with various degree of severity. The overall process of pathologic changes of radiation-pentoxifylline group was similar to those of radiation alone group but the duration of acute stage was relatively short and the severity of late cardiac toxicity was much lesser compared with those of radiation alone group. Conclusion : Pentoxifylline can effectively reduce the late radiation-induced cardiac injury and reslve the acute effects relatively rapidly.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.79-106
• /
• 2016

Service innovation is one means of gaining an advantage in a highly competitive environment. Although numerous studies have stressed the importance of service innovation, traditional good-dominant logic is still used in service innovation literature. Furthermore, few studies have been conducted on the link between service innovation and its antecedents in terms of service-oriented approach. To fill the gap, this article theoretically and empirically examines service innovation and its antecedents and consequences. Based on service-dominant logic and resource advantage theory, the current study aims to understand the effect of antecedents on service innovation as well as to identify the effect of service innovation on firm performance (i.e., non-financial and financial performance). Three service innovation activities, namely service creation-focused innovation, service delivery-focused innovation, and customer interaction-focused innovation, and four antecedents of service innovation, including human resource management capability, collaboration capability, marketing capability, and information technology capability, are identified based on Den Hertog (2000)'s service innovation framework. By using the empirical data collected from 189 service firms in Korea, this study explores the causal relationship among antecedents, service innovation and firm performance. Findings indicate that human resource management and marketing capabilities influence the three types of service innovation, whereas collaboration and information technology capabilities have a significant effect on both service creation-focused innovation and service delivery-focused innovation. In particular, human resource management capability is strongly related to customer interaction-focused innovation. The three types of service innovation have a positive influence on non-financial performance, whereas service delivery-focused innovation and customer interaction-focused innovation positively influence financial performance. These results support the crucial effects of antecedents, such as human resource management, collaboration, marketing and information technology capabilities, on service innovation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2003

With the advent of stage-adapted multimodal regiments for esophageal malignancy, accurate staging has become of utmost importance. Endoscopic ultrasono graphy(EUS) i.: a diagnostic method for the local staging of esophageal cancer, in particular for T and N evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of the EUS and to evaluate the relation between prognosis and EUS findings. Material and Method : We reexamined the cases of 88 consecuitive patients who underwent transthroacic esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer from January 1991 to July 2001 We compared EUS findings, histological results and outcomes. Result : There were 83 male(94.3%) and 5 female. Median age was 61.3 years old. Overall staging accuracy were 59.0% for T staging and 76.0% for N staging, In early T staging group, the accuracy was 74.9% except 74 stage. However significant differences were not found in the ability of EUS-determined T-stage and N-Stage to predict survival. Multivariate analysis showed EUS-stage to predict survival. Conclusion : EUS provides a high degree of accuracy in assessing both T and N parameters in staging esophagal cancer. EUS should be performed in all patients with esophageal cancer, not only for staging before therapy, but also as a valuable method of determining prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.10-39
• /
• 1988

This study investigated the temperatures and relative humidities in the semi-greenhouse type solar dryer with a black rock-bed heat storage and without heat storage and outdoor temperature and relative humidity at 9 a.m. and 2 p.m.. A comparison was made of the drying rates, final moisture contents, moisture content distributions, casehardening stresses, drying defects, volumetric shrinkage of dried lumber for solar- and air-drying from the green condition of mixtures of Douglas-fir, lauan, taun, oak and sycamore 25mm- and 50 mm-thick lumber during the same period for four seasons, and heat efficiencies for solar dryer with and without the heat storage for saving of heat energy and the cost of lumber drying using the solar energy. The results from this study were summarized as follows: I. The mean weekly temperatures in the solar dryers were 3 to $6^{\circ}C$ at 9 a.m. and 9 to $13^{\circ}C$ at 2 p.m. higher than mean outdoor temperature during all the drying period. 2. The mean weekly relative humidities in the solar dryers were about 1 to 19% at 9 a.m. higher than the outdoor relative humidity. and the difference between indoor and outdoor relative humidity in the morning was greater than in the afternoon. 3. The temperatures and relative humidities in the solar dryer with and without the heat storage were nearly same. 4. The overall solar insolation during the spring months was highest and then was greater in the order of summer, atumm, and winter month. S. The initial rate of solar drying was more rapid than that of air drying. As moisture content decreased, solar drying rate became more rapid than that of air drying. The rates of solar drying with and without heat storage were nearly same. The drying rate of Douglas-fir was fastest and then faster in the order of sycamore, lauan, taun and oak. and the faster drying rate of species, the smaller differences of drying rates between thicknesses of lumber. The drying rates were fastest in the summer and slowest in the winter. The rates of solar drying during the spring were more slowly in the early stage and faster in the later stage than those during the autumn. 6. The final moisture contents were above 15% for 25mm-thick air dried and about 10% for solar dried lumber, but the mean final MCs for 50mm-thick lumber were much higher than those of thin lumber. The differences of final MC between upper and lower course of pile for solar drying were greater than those of pile for air drying. The differences of moisture content between the shell and the core of air dried lumbers were greater than those of solar dried lumber, smallest in the drying during summer and greatest in the drying during winter among seasons. 7. Casehardening stresses of 25mm- and 50mm-thick dried lumber were slight, casehardening stress of solar dried lumber was severer than that of air dried lumber and was similar between solar dried lumber with and without heat storage, Casehardening stresses of lumber dried during spring were slightest and then slighter in the order of summer, autumn, and winter. Casehardening stresses of Douglas -fir, sycamore and lauan were slight, comparing with those of taun and oak. 8. Maximum initial checks of 25mm-thick lumber occurred above and below fiber saturation point and those of 50mm-thick lumber occurred in the higher moisture content than thin lumber. As the moisture content decreased, most of checks were closed and didn't show distinct difference of the degree of checks among drying methods. The degree of checks were very slight in case of Douglas-fir and lauan, and severe in case of taun and oak. The degree of checks for 50mm-thick lumber were severer than those for 25mm-thick lumber. 9. The degree of warpage showed severe in case of oak and sycamore lumber, but no warping was found in case of Douglas-fir, lauan and taun. 10. The volumetric shrinkages of taun and oak were large and medium in case of Douglas-fir, lauan and sycamore. 11. Heat efficiencies of solar dryer with heat storage were 6.9% during spring, 7.7% during summer, 12.1% during autumn and 4.1% during winter season. Heat efficiency of solar dryer with heat storage was slightly greater than that of without heat storage. As moisture content of lumber decreased, heat efficiency decreased.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2020

Mycorrhiza refers to the association between a plant and a fungus colonizing the cortical tissue of the plant's roots during periods of active plant growth. The benefits afforded by plants from mycorrhizal symbioses can be characterized either agronomically, based on increased growth and yield, or ecologically, based on improved fitness (i.e., reproductive ability). In either case, the benefit accrues primarily because mycorrhizal fungi form a critical linkage between plant roots and the soil. The soilborne or extramatrical hyphae take up nutrients from the soil solution and transport them to the root. This mycorrhizae-mediated mechanism increases the effective absorptive surface area of the plant. There are seven major types of mycorrhizae along with mycoheterotrophy: endomycorrhizae (arbuscular mycorrhizae, AM), ectomycorrhizae (EM), ectendomycorrhizae, monotropoid, arbutoid, orchid, and ericoid. Endomycorrhizal fungi form arbuscules or highly branched structures within root cortical cells, giving rise to arbuscular mycorrhiza, which may produce extensive extramatrical hyphae and significantly increase phosphorus inflow rates in the plants they colonize. Ectomycorrhizal fungi may produce large quantities of hyphae on the root and in the soil; these hyphae play a role in absorption and translocation of inorganic nutrients and water, and also release nutrients from litter layers by producing enzymes involved in mineralization of organic matters. Over 4,000 fungal species, primarily belonging to Basidiomycotina and to a lesser extent Ascomycotina, are able to form ectomycorrhizae. Many of these fungi produce various mushrooms on the forest floor that are traded at a high price. In this paper, we discuss the benefits, nutrient cycles, and artificial cultivation of mycorrhizae in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.462-469
• /
• 2007

In this study, we isolated, characterized, and compared the vasa homologous genes of diploid and triploid Paragonimus westermani and localized VASA homologous proteins in both lung fluke types. Open reading frames of Pw-vasa-2n and Pw-vasa-3n were of 1812 bp, and encoded deduced proteins of 622 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 69.0 kDa and 68.9 kDa and pI's of 9.11 and 9.03, respectively. A comparison of these two VASA deduced protein sequences showed that only 6 of the 622 amino acids differed. The deduced sequences of Pw-VASA-2n and Pw-VASA-3n contained eight consensus sequences characteristic of the DEAD-box protein family and their N-terminal regions contained four arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) motifs. These two lung fluke VASA-like proteins were more similar to those of other VASA proteins than to those of other DEAD-family proteins isolated from several organisms (planarian, zebra fish, mouse, and human). vasa homologous gene transcription and VASA protein expressions in triploid type lung flukes was slightly stronger than in the diploid type. Immunostaining showed that testes and a portion of the ovaries of both diploid and triploid lung flukes reacted strongly to anti-Pw-VASA antibody.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2016

India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2003

To investigate the entrapping behavior of blue crab, rock shell and green ling, which are mainly caught with the other trap nets in the coastal area of Yellow Sea, by the using duration of trap nets through the water tank experiment. We select the three kinds of trap nets which have different using duration such as new, 6 months and 12 months used one, and observe the entrapping ratio into the trap nets, respectively. In the mean while, in order to obtain the basic data for the estimate of mesh selectivity of the other trap nets, the entrapping behavior into the trap nets for green ling which has high activity compared to blue crab and rock shell, are examined to the three kinds of mesh size (35mm, 50mm and 65mm). The results are as follows ; 1. The mean entrapping ratio of blue crab by the using duration of trap nets in high with 4.4 fishes (44.0%) in the 6 months used one, become lower with 2.9 fishes (28.0%) in the new one, and with 2.0 fishes (20.0%) in the 12 months used one. 2. The mean entrapping ratio of rock shell by the using duration of trap nets in high with 7.3 fishes (36.7%) in the new one, and become lower with 7.2 fishes (35.8%) in the 6 months used one, and with 5.7 fishes (28.3%) in the 12 months used one. 3. The mean entrapping ratio of green ling by the using duration of trap nets in high with 3.4 fishes (34.0%) in the 6 months used one, and become lower with 3.0 fishes (30.0%) in the new one, and with 2.8 fishes (28.0%) in the 12 months used one. 4. The mean residual ratio of green ling by the mesh size of trap nets is high with 2.4 fishes (24.0%) in the 35mm mesh size, and become lower with 2.2 fishes (22.0%) in the 50mm mesh size and 2.0 fishes (20.0%) in the 65mm mesh size.