• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.272-273
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.192-193
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.194-195
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2012

When ginseng seedlings are cultured in paddy fields, quality degradation and yield reduction are induced by severe plant loss with chlorosis on leaves occurred physiological disorder by excessive salt and poor drainage, rusty-root occurrence, and root rot etc. Accordingly, in order to solve these problems, this study was performed to investigate the treatment method, concentrations and time of activated ion calcium as environment-friendly agricultural materials. Activated ion calcium is an enriched and purified water-soluble mineral calcium component for absorbing quickly into plant as a highly functional calcium and it is an alkaline calcium of 37% (370 $m{\ell}$/1 ${\ell}$) concentration with pH 13. Treatment method was that ginseng seeds were sown after removing water in the shade after seed immersion for 1 minute with active ion calcium of 20-fold diluted solution, and then irrigated $4{\ell}$ per 3.3 $m^2$ with 200-fold, 400-fold, and 600-fold diluted solution before emergence on late March, and supplied 1 time on leaves with 500-fold diluted solution in June and July respectively. The disease rate by treatment of activated ion calcium was that on the treatment of soil irrigated with 200-fold diluted solution compared to non-treated soil, damping-off was 33%, anthracnose was 100% reduced and the occurrence rate of rusty-root was 30% reduced. In addition, when active ion calcium of 200-fold diluted solution were soil irrigated, first and second grade ginseng were respectively 26% and 22% produced more, compared with control.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

It is very important factors to control optimal light transmission ratio and soil moisture content in order to produce good quality of ginseng seedling. To study the effect of light transmission ratio (LTR) and soil moisture content(SMC) on growth characteristics and yield of ginseng seedling, LTR was controlled by three level such as 21.2, 24.8% and 30.3%, and SMC was plotted by four level of 11.0%, 12.5%, 15.3% and 18.9% at the greenhouse. Chlorophyll content was gradually decreased in the low LTR (21.2%), while it was distinctly decreased by the decrease of SMC in excessively high LTR (30.3%). The decrease of SMC in the high LTR increased heat injury ratio distinctly, while heat injury ratio in the low LTR was only increased when SMC was very low such as 11.0%. All of fresh root weight per Kan (3.3$m^2$), root weight per plant, and the number of usable seedling were distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR and the decrease of SMC. Excessive increase of LTR in optimal SMC (18.9%) hadn't a great effect on the decrease of root weight, while root weight in low SMC was distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR. Ratio of rusty root was distinctly increased in the condition that both of LTR and SMC were high. Ratio of rusty root in the excessively high LTR was gradually fallen off by decrease of SMC, but its ratio in low SMC didn't changed distinctly by the decrease of SMC.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2004

Bacillus subtilis B-4228 selected from ginseng field soil for prevention of rusty root was tested for the control of ginseng root rot. In petri-plate dual culture, mycelial growth of Cylindrocarpon destructans was inhibited by B-4228 and hyphal swelling of C. destructans was occurred. In pot experiment with C. destructans-contaminated soil B-4228 dipping of ginseng seedling showed significant preventive effect of root rot (p=0.01), percent healthy root 82% and 20% for treatment and control, root rot rate 6% and 50.4%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase activity on the induction of rusty symptom development in ginseng root. When rusty inducing bacteria were inoculated on fresh ginseng root, the hue value of the inoculated root increased from 101.2 (white yellow) at 1 day after innoculation to 60.9 (brownish red) at 30 days after innoculation. Lysobacter gummosus, Pseudomonas veronii and Agrobacterium tumefaciens enhanced the accumulation of total phenolics. Along with the increase of total phenolics, total activity of polyphenol oxidase concomitantly increased but the specific activity of the enzyme was not.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.3-18
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• 2005

This paper reports the characteristics of 8 new cultivars for selected from Korean ginseng. The occurance of multi stems were the highest in Yunpoong(45%) and the lowest in Gumpoong(7%), but growth of aerial parts were the highest in Gumpoong and the lowest In Yunpoong among new cultiyars. The ratio of seeds harvest were the highest in Gumpoong(85.4%) and the lowest in Chunpoong(69.1%), but number of seeds per plant were the highest in Yunpoong(108.3ea) and the lowest in Chunpoong(77.5ea) among new cultivars. The ratio of leaf burning were the highest in Chunpoong but the lowest in Yunpoong among new cultivars. In weight distribution of the different parts of the ginseng roots, the ratio of main root were high in Jakyungjong(63.1%) but low in new cultivars(49%-55.9%), but the ratio of lateral root were high in new cultivars(19.3-23.3%), but low in Jakyungjong(13.2%), the ratio of fine root were not different. Root yield declined in the order of Yunpoong, Gumpoong, Gopoong, Chunpoong, Sunpoong, Jakyungjong. The length of main root were the longest in Chunpoong(8,0cm) but the shortest in Yunpoong(6,4cm), The ratio of rusty-root was low in new cultivars(0,2-9,5%), but high in Jakyungiong(16,3%). The grade of red ginseng roots decreased in the order of Chunpoong, Gumpoong, Gopoong, Sunpoong, Yunpoong, Cheongsun, Jakyungjong. The total ginsenoside contents per dry weight in main roots was high in Gumpoong(8.53mg), Yunpoong(8.13mg), Gopoong(7,47mg), but low in Chunpoong(5.73mg), Sunpoong(4.87mg).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an important medicinal herbs in Asia. However, ginseng varieties are less developed. Method: To developed ginseng varieties, a pure line selection method was applied in this study. Results: Gumpoong was testing of 4-yr-old specimens in 2002, the proportions of the below-ground roots that were rusty colored for Gumpoong was 1.29 in Daejeon and 1.45 in Eumseong, whereas the proportions for its yellow berry variant were 2.60 and 2.45 in the two regions, respectively. Thus the Gumpoong was resistant to root rust. Sunpoong has a high yielding property. Its average root weight is 70.6 g for 6-yr-old roots. Its yield is 2.9 kg/$1.62m^2$ and the rate of heaven- and earth-grade product is 20.9%, which is very high compared to 9.4% for Yunpoong. Sunone is resistance to root rot and the survival rate of 4-yr-old roots was 44.4% in 1997, whereas that of the violet-stem variant landrace was 21.7%. Sunhyang has content of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), which produces the unique scent of red ginseng, is $95.1{\mu}mol/g$ and greater than the $30.8{\mu}mol/g$ of Chunpoong in 6-yr-old plants. Sunun and Cheongsun are being nurtured to protect genetic resources. Conclusion: Developed ginsneg varieties will be used as the basis for the protection of genetic resources and breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.389-393
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of growth characteristics, yield and extract content between upland and paddy ginseng cultured with 4­year-old ginseng in 2003. Although upland ginseng showed larger variation in yield than that of paddy ginseng, the average of it was greater than that of paddy ginseng because it showed better growth of aerial part and higher survival rate than that of paddy ginseng. Moisture content of fresh root was $71.8\%\;(68.5\~73.1\%),\;and\;72.7\%\;(70.2 \~74.9\%)$ on average in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Paddy ginseng showed higher hardness in taproot, and higher rate of rusty colored root than that of upland ginseng. The ratio of taproot dry weight in upland ginseng was smaller than that of paddy ginseng, while that of lateral root was larger in upland ginseng. Ratio of marketable root (>60g) to total harvested roots was $13.7\%\;(0.82\~8.0\%)\;and\;7.7\%\;(1.6\~12.6\%)$ in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Extract content did not show distinct difference between upland and paddy ginseng, but it showed large variation from $16.1\;to\;25.1\%$ in taproot, and from $24.2\;to\;32.5\%$ in lateral root depanding on the ginseng field examined.