• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

Now we have faced to two fundamental population problems: The one is over-population problem in proportion to the nation's total area, 99,434 $km^2$, and the other is unbalanced population distributions in the provincial districts of administration (16th local governments). For example, the population density of Seoul city is 16,335 persons, and the nations population density of South Korea is 464 persons for 1 km$^2$. At the first part of this study, we introduced the origins and historical back grounds of Formal Demorgraphy. And the second part, we suggest some useful indicators of urbanization of rural populations in terms of Gini's Coefficients of Concentration. As the result, we can show that the ecological Gini's Coefficients of Concentration, during the periods covered by this study, have been increasing extraordinary: 0.349, 0.433, 0.532, 0.581, 0.633 and 0.626 in 1970, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 A.D. respectively. However, the trend of urbanization (concentration of population) of Korean population has been the relative equilibrium state of 0.63 from 1995 to 2000 A.D.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 1998

This attempts to study the change of land use pattern and to (md out the factors to impact the change of the pattern in metropolitan area of Seoul. The data are collected from the 9 units of geomorphological map of the study area with the help of Mapinfo techniques. The data are analyzed statistically with aids of SAS programs. Land use patterns are classified into two: rural and urban and population, urbanization, transportation, industrialization and land development programs are selected as independent variables to change the land use patterns from 1960-1990. The results may be summarized as follows : (1) Arable lands consisted of 30% of the total land in 1960 but the ratio of the arable land decreased to less than 25% in 1990 in the study area. (2) Urban land use types are dominant around southern part of Seoul but rural one are dominant around northern and eastern area of Seoul. (3) Rural type are influenced by population factor but urban land use type are related to transportation and population factors. Land development program is not a significant one to impact the land use pattern in the study area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analysis the change of rural house type in Gyeongbuk province. There are 13 Gun(a kind of administrative district) areas in Gyeongbuk province. According to definition of rural area, the scopes of the research of rural houses limited the 12 places rural area(Gun area, excluded Ulleung-Gun) of Gyeongbuk province. The method of study is to compare and analyze about housing situation, structure of house, housing type and housing area etc. through the statistical data of each Gun area and other various data etc. during these 5 years. As a results of the analysis : 1) The supply ratio of housing is steadily decreasing in rural areas. 2) The houses of rural areas are changing from a detached house to multi-household house and small apartment by development near the rural area. 3) The number and area of commercial buildings are gradually increasing because of urbanization of rural areas. 4) The most houses inside area scopes in the rural area was from $60m^2$ to $85m^2$ area. And the family types of rural house are changing from large family to nuclear family and single households. 5) The structure of rural houses is changing from the brick house type to lightweight steel construction house because of cost-cutting of construction and easy way to construct etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

The aim of this study is how to understand of structural and elemental landscape image in suburban village. Nowadays, it is well known fact that suburban villages are most likely to be invaded by urbanization. Therefore, the research is focused on how the image of suburb has been changed, what patterns have been created in residential area, what are the different outcomes from different distance, and what are the changes in types of buildings, at particular village called Doojeong in Pyeongtaek city. When collecting supplemental information, elders in village have been participated in comparison of traditional and foreign. The village shows significant characteristics of such phenomenon. According to the research, there are three results. First, ironically, the structural patterns of the village is concentric as seen on urban garden, yet they do not have central function. Second, traditional homes are transformed into functional shape. The most popular roof design that takes 65 percent of whole is modernized flat roof shape. Hanok (Korean traditional house) style is disappearing. Third, due to the massive barn buildings and their monochrome, the beauty of community and architectural harmony are buried.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

This paper investigated the characteristics of population structure and the determinants of population movement in the south west area of Kyonggi-do by grouping 9 cities in 3 categories and using Panel data of $1995{\sim}2001$. The major findings of this paper were identified as follows : 1) The population structure of regions was different to the stages of urbanization. The ratio of child and elder dependency was high in the rural regions and low in the urbanized regions. It was due to the movement of economically active population of $20{\sim}40$ aged groups, from rural regions to urban regions. This means that more productive segments of the rural population leave the country to the city. In addition. The ratio of male to female was higher in $20{\sim}40$ aged groups for rural regions. This suggested that young females moved from rural regions to urban regions more than young males in the process of industrialization. 2) Based in pooling regression, income was the most significant determinant that could explain the inter-regional and intra-regional movement of population for south west area studied, The next one was educational opportunity variable. The coefficients of income and education were 0.5, 0,7 for intra-regional migration and 0.01, 0.02 for interregional migration indicating that Todaro's hypothesis could be tested well rather than Tiebout' model for this area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2013

In rural areas, in spite of the development projects of town and houses has been performed after the New Community Movement, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, which lasted until the 2000s from the 1980s, out-migration to the cities, changes in the industrial structure, rapid aging was carried. As a result, the gap of housing environment between urban and rural areas became more serious. The meantime, the housing problem is recognized only to the problems of the big cities, mostly urban public housing policy oriented. However, when you check the indicator of the housing environment, such as the percentage of aging housing, rural environment has become a relatively poor compared to the city. In addition, due to a decrease in income and aging of the population living in rural areas of existing infrastructure to improve the living environment is weakened. And inside of the rural areas, changes in the housing environment and polarization phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, there is a purpose to be presented the improvement direction for efficient implementation of house remodeling support program for underprivileged group in rural areas and requires immediate attention improvement of housing environment. Previously, House remodeling support project in rural areas was carried out at the initiative of local governments and government mainly. For this reason, it is difficult due to limited institutional, to reflect the necessary parts directly to the real life of the residents. And, the demand for improvement of housing environment need modifications to solve the inconvenience of life of residents directly in many cases. It is considered that community-based house remodeling support project is to be carried out through the participation of local residents.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2016

Suburbs rural areas in the Capital region have been diversified by the influence of the Seoul and large cities for the last 10 years. This study aims to classify suburban rural areas and to analyze the differentiated characteristics of different types in order to propose more area-specific policy approach to suburban rural areas in the Capital region. Using the cluster analysis method, the suburban rural areas in the Capital region have been classified into four types; garden villages in rural areas, urbanization areas, agricultural-industrial mixed use areas, general rural areas. The result of this study shows that the four types of suburban rural areas are much differentiated one another in terms of internal characteristics and local dynamics and problems. In order to suburban rural sustainable development in the Capital region, the policy efforts should be address the area-specific problems and policy demand for each type of suburban rural areas.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to explain the background and significance of the 'Farmers' upstairs'(農民上樓) phenomenon which has been currently promoted as part of the "New Socialist Countryside Construction" in contemporary China, and its positive and negative aspects, and analyze the limitations of 'Farmers' upstairs'phenomenon. 'Farmers' upstairs'means the building of concentrated farmhouses by means of reconstruction of scattered farmhouses here and there, simultaneously by installing cultural, social welfare, and environmental facilities where rural farmer also could enjoy the convenience of urban living. It brings, however, the positive effects such as the improvement of living conditions of rural farmers, the simultaneously expanding of urban construction land and agricultural land, and the new influx of population from urban areas, whiles the negative effectives such as the forced demolition of farmhouses by governments or real estate developers with very lower compensation costs for the demolition of farmhouses, the gap from the standard of living, and above all, the inconvenience caused by the living in a multi-stories building in the rural villages. As a result, it is pointed out that the ongoing 'Farmers' upstairs', promoted as a kind of rural movement beyond a phenomenon, has similarities with the Rural Cooperative Movement(農村合作化運動) of Mao Zedong era(1953-61), namely the People's Commune Movement(人民公社運動) finally failed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2001

This study deals with the analysis of how the residential space of the farmhouses which were recently built by farmer's free intent with the help of a person who is related with architecture was changed. So that this study is aimed at grasping how the spatial structure of recent farmhouses in the southern part of Yongdong area continues to be kept and changed according to the modernization and urbanization. Also it includes grasping the trend of spatial transformation and constancy about the recent farmhouses through the analysis of living elements as well as the extension, renewal and rehabilitation of residential space.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2007

This paper overviews the historical background and development of applied nutrition and community nutrition in Korea. The nutrition studies in the early years focused on animal experiments, human metabolism, and food analysis and therefore were limited to classrooms and research laboratories in universities without spreading into the lives of people. Korean specialists trained through the UN International Course of Applied Nutrition initiated the Applied Nutrition Program (ANP) in Korea in the 1960s. The ANP in Korea was effectively implemented until 1986 with support from UNICEF, FAO, and WHO as a national project to improve the nutrition and health of rural residents. With economic development and urbanization in Korea, the rural-focusing ANP was re-born to a more extended version with the name of "Community Nutrition", targeting the nutrition and health of the entire Korean population. Scholarly associations including the Korean Society of Community Nutrition established in 1995 have significantly contributed to the development of Community Nutrition in Korea and are expected to continue to work for a better connection between nutrition and health promotion.