• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30
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• pp.2.1-2.9
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• 2015

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between presence of depression symptoms and the exposure level to insecticides among aged population in rural area, determined via measured levels of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), after controlling for socioeconomic confounding factors. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we randomly recruited participants for our study (161 male and 239 female) from rural areas of Asan, Chungnam, Korea. Environmental risk factor exposure was assessed using a questionnaire, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze urinary 3-PBA levels. We used a logistic regression analysis to assess the association of urinary 3-PBA levels with the presence of self-reported depression symptoms. Results After controlling for creatinine levels, the median (interquartile range) concentration of 3-PBA was approximately 1.5 times (p<0.05) higher among female (1.54 [0.90 to 2.35]) ${\mu}g/g$) than among male (1.06 [0.64 to 1.81] ${\mu}g/g$). Our study found that among female participants, the unit increase in 3-PBA levels exhibited a likely positive association (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.25) with an increased risk of presence of self-reported depression symptoms, after adjusting for socioeconomic insurance type, daily physical condition, marital status, smoking status, and age. Conclusions Given our finding of a potential association between the presence of self-reported depression symptoms and 3-PBA levels, precautions should be considered to minimize exposure to insecticides and thus protect the health of aged residents in rural areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2000

Objectives : To describe health behaviors related to hypertension in rural population of Korea and focused to identify inappropriate awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Methods : We surveyed 5,517 adults (2,288 males, 3,229 females) older than 30 years in 58 rural areas, purposely sampled nationwide from December 1996 to February 1997. Blood Pressure was checked twice af the time of the first visit. For those who showed high blood pressure using the JNC-6 criteria at their initial visit, we followed up their blood pressure one week later. Also information on the health behavior related to hypertension was collected through the person-to-person interview using structured questionnaire at the first visit. Results : For the past one year, females had more experiences of checking their blood pressure than males (77.3% versus 69.5%, p=0.001). Through the results of consecutively checked blood pressure, only 51.7% of the hypertensives were aware of their condition. Of the hypertensives who aware of their condition, 44.4% did not receive any medication and/or recommendation. And 50.4% of the hypertensives who had anti-hypertensive medication were classified as still having hypertensive blood pressure by 160/95 mmHg criteria. Of the medicated, 54.8% were found to take medication regularly for the past six months. Among the medicated, only 11.4% knew the name of anti-hypertensive drug they had. Conclusions : 'Rule of halves', which works in the situation of no special efforts for hypertension control, was identified. This study showed that much efforts to control hypertension would be required in the rural population of Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2001

Objectives : To evaluate the association of snoring and hyper-tension in a rural population. Methods : A population-based sample of 1,763 adults in Chonnam, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, and blood pressure measurements. Information on the demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension and snoring was collected through a person-to-person interview using a structured questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). Hypertension was considered to be present if the average of two blood pressure measurements was greater than 140mmHg systolic or 90mmHg diastolic, or if they were currently on antihypertensive treatment. Results : The prevalence of snoring was 42.7% in men and 39.8% in women. With regard to age, snoring prevalence was 44.3% in the middle-aged group(45 to 64 years), greater than 33.9% in the younger(<45 years) group or 38.7% in the elderly($\geq65$ years) group. The snoring prevalence increased progressively with increasing BMI, but cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption was not associated with snoring. Hypertension occurred more frequently in snorers than in non-snorers (Odds ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval : 1.01-1.55). However after adjusting for sex, age, obesity, smoking, and alcohol use, an effect of snoring on hypertension was no longer present (Odds ratio: 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.90-1.41). Conclusion : These results suggest that snoring might not be associated with hypertension.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 1975

Seven aspects of attitude toward marriage in Korea are examined to better understand present and future marriage patterns. Also, various facets of current marriage practice are compared with attitudes. The study comprises three groups of roughly 600 women each, selected by random sampling from a rural, an urban, and a semi-urban area. A carefully designed and pretested questionnaire was checked for reliability by a reinterview in a 15% subsample. The great majority of Korean women support traditional attitudes that one must or should marry. The small group who recommend that one should not marry are mostly the very young or the never married, whose attitudes still may change. However, there are important and probably predictive shifts in favor of more individual decision, especially among the better educated, the young, and the more urban. Traditional reasons for marriage such as "custom" and procreation are ranked first by a majority, but there is a large shift to more contemporary or liberal desire for companionship and love, also primarily among the better educated, the urban, the young, and the never married. The traditional attitude that parents should have the sole or major role in mate selection is still held by a bare majority; the educated, urban, young, and never married are more liberal. Only 6% opt for each of the two extremes: That the parent alone or the respondent alone should decide. The remainder prefer one of the two middle-of-the-road positions where parent and child together decide. The proportions of respondents who classed specified criteria as moat important for selecting a husband, arranging the criteria in order from traditional to contemporary were: Lineage, etc., 23%; personal attributes, 40%; health and education, 27%; and love, 10%. The changing attitudes are suggested by the fact that love was ranked first by only 3% of the poorly educated rural poulation versus 23% of urban college level and 31% of the urban never married. There has been a substantial rise in the ideal age of marriage over the past twelve or more years, but there also is evidence that the ideal age is at or near a ceiling. Knowledge about legal age of marriage is minimal; the implications of this for proposed legislation are discussed. Three-fifthes to four-fifths of all respondents married husbands of the same religious, residential, and economic backgrounds as themselves. Almost all of them married men of the same or higher educational level. These evidences of traditional influences in mate selection are contrasted with the low priority given some of those items in earlier questions on reasons for marriage and criterion for selecting husband. Contrary to the expressed attitudes as to who should select the husband, we find that marriages of the study sample were stated to be arranged by parents alone in 62%; and in another 23%, the parents made the decision but asked the respondent's views. Such arrangements were most frequent among the rural, the less educated, and the older respondents and less common in the urban and more educated. The implications of these and related findings are discussed.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

Through reorganization in 2008, The ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs integrated management of the food industry by transferred functions which was scattered in the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and established comprehensive policies covering the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. In the agricultural industry sector, new business concepts such as smart farm and food tech have recently emerged alongside the fourth industrial revolution. In order for the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs to develop appropriate policies for the fourth industrial revolution, it is necessary to accurately estimate the size of agricultural and livestock-related businesses. In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs initiated research for the agriculture, livestock and food industry's special classification, which was approved by the National Statistical Office in 2020. The estimation of the agriculture, livestock and food industry's size based on special classification is crucial because it has a substantial impact on the formulation and significance of policies. In this paper, the appropriate rate was derived from samples extracted from the special classification and the Korean standard industrial classification. Proposed are a method for estimating the population of the agricultural and livestock food industry, as well as a method for calculating the appropriate rate that more accurately reflects the population than the method currently in use.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2021

This study was conducted to obtain basal information for the development of perilla cultivars with improved quality. The F₇ population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the parents of Daesil for seeds and Ipdeulkkae1 for vegetables was used as the material. We evaluated several agricultural characteristics and seed quality. Variations were observed in most of the measurements; for example, stem length (ranging from 66.0 to 150.0 cm), number of branches (from 5 to 23), flower cluster length (ranging from 5.1 to 10.5 cm), number of flower clusters (from 17 to 131), a-linolenic acid content (from 54.2 to 64.1%), and functional compound content (rosmarinic acid 869.5~3,508.1 ㎍/g; luteolin 47.4~864.3 ㎍/g; apigenin 57.1~296.7 ㎍/g) all showed variation. Significant correlations between stem length and the number of branches (0.561) and number of branches versus number of flower clusters (0.638) were detected in the RIL F₇ population. Most agricultural characteristics and seed qualities showed a normal distribution with large variation, and transgressive segregation was observed in many descendants with characteristics to those of their parents. Daesil/Ipdeulkkae1 RIL F₇ populations could be useful for future QTL analysis as well as for intermediate breeding lines for high-quality perilla cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.463-469
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• 2010

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, ${\alpha}$-tocoperol, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, phytic acid and ${\gamma}$-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, and $ge^t$, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1992

The survey of weed population in paddy field was carried out to invegstigate the weed group on 340 fields in Kyonggi Area in 1991. The weed species observed include 4 species of grasses, 7 species of sedges, and 14 species of broadleaf weeds, and the ratio of annual weed vs perennial weed was 25 : 75. Major dominant weed species were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus. The dominant weed species in South Plain Region were Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitariu trifolia, Cyperus strotinus, in West Coast Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus serotinus, in East Interior Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus difformis and were Sagitaria trifolia, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crusgalli and Monochoria vaginalis in North Region. The dominant weed species in Normal and Poorly drained soil were Eleocharis kuroguwdi, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus and were Scirpus maritinus, Cyperus serotinus, Echinochlod crusgalli and Myriophyllum verticillatum in Saline Soil. More and many weeds were growing in single cropped field than double cropped field.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.80-104
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• 1998

In order to examine differential mortality, the life tables for the insured persons in national pension scheme were estimated by sex and types of coverage(the insured in workplaces vs. the insured in rural areas). The averages of 1994-1996 data are used for insured in workplaces, but 1996 data are used for insured in rural areas. Life expectancies at the age of 18 are 59.5 years and 67.2 years each for insured males and females and thus 7.7 years longer for females than males in workplaces. Sex difference in mortality reduces as age increases, and more rapidly at younger ages than old ages. For insured in rural areas, life expectancies at the age of 18 are 51.4 years and 61.1 years each for insured males and females and thus sex difference is 9.7 years. The greater sex difference in mortality in rural areas can be explained by sex selective migration. The difference of life expectancy between insured in workplaces and insured in rural areas is 8.1 years for males, and 6.1 years for females. Because rural-urban difference in educational attainment is greater for males than females, the greater difference in life expectancy is observed for males than females.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Objectives: The worldwide epidemic of obesity is reporting but also in Korea. But there are few studies reporting with a community-based longitudinal data in Korea. This issues objects to measure the prevalence and evaluate the trends of overweight based on the repeated cross-sectional studies at a rural community adults during 10 years. Methods: With 1990~1999 Yang-Pyeong Cohort Baseline Survey Dataset, BMI is calculated and Overweight is categorized according to the classification of overweight in adult by Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Results and Conclusions: Crude BMI means at 1990 is estimated to $22.0Kg/m^2$ and at 1999, $24.4Kg/m^2$(p for trend<0.0001). Trends of age adjusted BMI has borderline significant, but that of Age and Sex adjusted BMI is statistically significant(p for trend=0.039). In male population the change of the overweight prevalence from 1990 to 1999 is 35%, and in female population the change is 21.9%(Z=0.55). Female has more increased prevalence than male, but the change is more dominant in male than in female. At a rural community, obesity has markedly been increasing during the past decade and female in a rural community has higher prevalence of overweight.