• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural menopause age of middle-aged women in Korea and to analyse various factors affecting them. For the collection of date, 1,140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling technics in Seoul and at a rual area in Kyong KiProvince. They were interviewed from Nov. 1 through Dec. 31,1987 by use of questionnaires made after pilot study had been performed twice. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause or irregular menstruation during the past one year, the number of which was total 410:206 in urban and 204 in rural area. For the analysis, menopause age was used as dependent variables while fertility variables, socio-economic variables, bio-physical varibles, and insight of life variables were classified as independent variables. Dependent variables such as menopause was tested and analysed by descriptive statistical methods(e.g., frequency, percentage, mean, $X^2-test.$ t-test, ANOVA). The relation between menopause age and independent variables was analysed by use of Pearson's correlation coefficients. For the analysis of various factors affecting menopause age, multiple stepwise regression method was used. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The natural menopause age of Korean women were 47.2 mean age: it was 47.7 and 46.7 mean age in urban and rural area respectively, which revealed that the former was later then the latter by one year. And the recollective error on menopause starting age between the menopause group and the group who had experienced irregular menstruation during the past one year was 0.4-0.7 year. 2. The main factors affecting the menopause age were (1) the duration of marital life, (2) the duration of oral pill use, (3) insight of life and economic status, (4) educational background. (5) menarche, (6) usual menstruation amount, (7) electic charge. and (8) area. These factors. altogether, could explain $18.4\%$ of factors related with menopause, and they took the high percentage in the order mentioned.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

The graying of population is not only a significant problem in developing countries, but also in a small country which is passing industrialization and urbanization. Industrialization and urbanization has raised a number of nuclear family. Moreover, changes in the environment and development in science such as a medical development and improving standard of health and hygiene have raised an average life expectancy. Considering these factors, average age of population is going up continue. Developed countries such as Europe, US and Japan have already experienced the graying and some countries have entered aged society. Korea is expected to be reached post-aged society in 7 years which is faster than developed countries that started aging society earlier than Korea. The purpose of this study is a analysis of resident's opinions and preference and using space of elders facilities and seeking a plan to construct the facilities through suggesting standard of use space. Firstly, this report will classify current situation of spacial organization on elder facilities focusing on major sectors and will compare in size. Moreover, standard of area distribution through an analyzing characteristics of each spacial organization. Secondly, The report will compare and analyze between space and main traffic line through classifying traffic lines between staffs and residents of elder facilities and understanding characteristics and problems of each traffic line. Lastly, this will study perception and preference on staffs at elders facilities and middle old aged people who are potential demander, and compare between these people.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the relevant risk factors for lumbar spondylosis (LS) among middle-aged and elderly rural Korean residents and to explore the association between radiographic LS and lower back pain (LBP) in relation to age and gender. Methods : This community-based, cross-sectional study evaluated 1512 subjects with available radiograph. The prevalence of LBP was obtained using a questionnaire and disability resulting from LBP was measured using a validated Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (ODI). In lumbar spine radiographs, vertebral levels from L1/2 to L4/5 were evaluated for the presence of osteophytes and joint-space narrowing (JSN), and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading was applied. Results : Of 4261 subjects aged 40-79 years, data from 1512 subjects were included. The prevalence of radiographic LS indicated by grade ${\geq}2$ osteophytes and JSN were 53.9 and 15.8%, respectively. Seventy-three percent of subjects had KL grade ${\geq}2$ spondylosis and LBP was present in 36.5% of subjects. Although LS was more common among males, the prevalence of LBP was higher among females. Age, male gender and history of hand or knee arthritis were risk factors for LS. LS was significantly associated with LBP mostly among females over 60 years old and correlated with the ODI after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : Our study among rural Korean residents revealed a high prevalence of LS and LBP. The association between LS and LBP was observed mostly among females and LS was significantly correlated with the severity of back pain.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

The health status of menopause and its correlates among middle aged 160 rural and urban women was studied during 2015. The women who attained menopause and belonging to 40-55 years age range were selected from 8 villages of 4 talukas of Dharwad and Bagalkot Districts. The health status of women was evaluated by using standardized questionnaire, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI). The structured interview schedule was used to collect personal information like name of the family members with their age, relationship with respondent. The Socio Economic Status (SES) of family was assessed by using Socio Economic Status scale developed by Agarwal (2005). The results revealed that 53.75 per cent respondents shown moderately affected followed by 26.25 per cent mildly affected and 20 per cent of women indicated severely affected health status. The mean value of health status in rural women is higher ($23.67{\pm}7.02$) than mean value of ($21.50{\pm}6.89$) urban women means the rural women had more health problems than urban women. Health status were high negatively significantly related with SES, education and occupation means women belonged to better SES category, literate and working women experienced less health problems compared to women who had poor SES, illiterate and non-working.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1990

This study was carried out to explore the illness-related activities of the menopaused women. To achieve such a purpose, sixty-six cases of the middle aged women were sampled the naturally and the artificially menopaused group respectively from 1st, Aug. to 31th, Aug. in 1988. For the collection of data, 1, 140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling techniques in urban and rural area. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause naturally or artificially. And then, after control for age and education analysis was performed. The data was analysed by use of frequency, percentage, $X^2-test,$ t-test, Pearson correlation coefficiency and stop-wise multiple regression. The obtained results were as follows. I. As for the se1f-perception on menopausal symptoms, it was revealed than Korean women, neithe in naturally and artificially, accepted the change of menstruation itself as serious. This shows us that middle-aged women had positively receptive attitudes that the change of menstruation is follwed by amenorrhea. 2. The artificially menopaused group scored more than the naturally one: (I) on the self-control activities such as self-assessment, lay-consultation, fever check, pulse check and observation of vagina discharge, (2) on the self-decision activities such as hospital and pharmacy utilization, (3) on the self maintenance activities such as walking, aerobic, weight check, skin care, skin protect, calori control diet control, milk intake, vegetable intake, cold water drinking before meal, parasol use and BP check The above results lead us that the self care practices of the menopaused women revealed' coping wit I menopausal symptoms at the first level in community and must be developed by the adequate nursin intervention.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.461-474
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of Korean traditional food use in the households of middle aged women living in Kyunggido and Incheon area Four hundred eighty seven housewives whose children were in middle school answered the questionnaire about Korean traditional food use patterns in ordinary days, national festive days and in private celebration or memorial days. Most households have used Korean traditional table setting called Bansang as daily meals(96.7%) and have used home-made Kimchi(97.3%). However, the use of home-made Jang such as soy sauce, soybean paste and red pepper soybean paste was not very high(64.3%). Most households have celebrated New Years day(99.6%) with Ddukguk and Manduguk, Chusuk(95.1%) with Songpyun, and fruits, Full-Moon day(95.1%) with Ogokbap, Namul and Brum. Dongji was celebrated with Patjug by 73.3% of households. However, Samjitnal and Danho were celebrated with Whajeon and Ssukjulpyun by only 18.9% and 43.8% of the households respectively. The households using Korean traditional food to celebrate the birthday, the 1st birthday of child, the wedding or to memorize the passing day of ancestors were 96.0%, 80.7%, 81.3% and 86.7% respectively. Compared to households of urban and nuclear family, households of rural and extended family tended to use significantly more Korean traditional foods in many occasions and showed significantly higher rate of using home-made Kimchi and Jang.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.215-227
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• 1998

To find health problems of Pohang city and to plan the activities to solve them in the situation of localization, the mortalities of the citizens in recent three years from 1994 to 1996 were analyzed from the notices and the certificates of death. The ratios of the notices with the certificates of death In the rural area of Pohang city were higher than those of whole country, the ratios of the urban area were lower than the respective ones, and the ratio differences between the rural and urban area were increasing. It may be that medical facilities are not within easy access of the rural inhabitants. especially in the rural south district with high population density. The proportional mortality indicators(PMI) were lower them those of whole country, much lower in male. So the health status of young aged males is relatively unsatisfactory. The urban inhabitants died in hospitals about two times more than the rural inhabitants and the differences were increasing. It may be that living and housing conditions and socio-cultural differences affected on the places of death. Because it is thought that death in hospitals will be growing at high speed, it is necessary to enlarge facilities fur funeral services. The age standardized mortalities were lower than those of whole country and age grouped mortalities were also the same. There were not any consistent and meaningful findings in the sex ratios of mortality according to the age groups or the calendar years. The mortalities by neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases according to the twenty one major causes of death were rapidly increased from the middle ages in both male and female. So it is important to plan the activities for early detection and health maintenance or promotion by behavior modifications. The leading causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, hypertensive diseases, and traffic accidents. And accidental drowning because of coastal area, liver diseases in male, and low respiratory tract diseases in female were the leading causes of death in part of age groups.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

The goal of this study is to promote the spread of environmentally friendly agricultural products, which have been receiving a lot of attention lately, as a way to improve food safety and quality. As a result of the increased labor input, increased production costs, and an aging population, environmentally friendly agriculture is making it more difficult for farmers to expand their enterprises. In the meantime, consumers find it difficult to spread eco-friendly agricultural products due to their high expectations for safety and quality, as well as the desire to purchase products at a reasonable price. Previous studies have revealed differences in perceptions between eco-friendly agricultural producers and consumers. In light of this, this study divided consumers based on their characteristics (such as age, purchase history, health concerns, etc.), and different policies were proposed in order to increase purchasing factors for each group based on their characteristics. In order to gather information for this study, general citizens were asked about their perceptions of eco-friendly agricultural products, future purchase intentions and awareness, reliability, necessity, purpose, and information sources. A two-step clustering analysis was conducted using nominal and continuous variables simultaneously. The paper presents the three derived group differences (senior organic interest group, middle-aged organic interest group, and indifferent young organics) as well as group differences for the purchasing/non-purchasing factor analysis and policy improvement for each group. An eco-friendly agricultural product distribution proposal was made at the end of this article.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.117-141
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 우울진입에 영향을 미치는 요인이 세대별로 어떤 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고 생애 주기별 우울 예방의 실천적 전략을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널의 3~10차 조사 자료를 결합하여, 성년층과 중년층, 노년층의 우울진입 영향요인을 이산시간위험모델을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 3세대 공통적으로 여자가 남자보다, 자아존중감이 낮을수록, 수입 만족도와 가족관계 만족도가 낮을수록 우울진입 가능성이 높았다. 또한 세대별로 차이를 나타낸 변수는 연령과 교육수준, 건강상태, 만성질환유무, 취업여부, 권역별지역, 여가생활 만족도였다. 성년(20~39세)의 경우 나이가 적을수록, 만성질환이 있는 경우에, 미취업자가 취업자보다 우울진입 가능성이 높다. 반면 중년층(40~64세)의 경우 나이가 많을수록, 건강상태가 좋지 않은 경우에, 만성질환이 없는 경우에, 여가생활 만족도가 낮은 경우에 우울진입 가능성이 높다. 마지막으로 노년층(65세 이상)은 교육수준이 높을수록, 건강상태가 좋지 않은 경우에, 도농 복합군이 서울보다, 여가생활 만족도가 낮을수록 우울진입 가능성이 높다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 우울진입을 예방하기 위해 세대별로 드러난 특성이 반영된 지원방안을 마련할 필요가 있음을 제시하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.536-549
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate food intake, dietary diversity and dietary pattern during the summer in middle aged and older adults living in Gugoksundam (Gurye, Goksung, Sunchang and Damyang counties), Jeonla Province located in southern part of Korea and known as one of the representative Korean longevity areas. Food intake and dietary diversity were assessed by using the data from 2 day-24 hour recall of 1,051 subjects (394 males and 711 females) aged 45 years and older (45-93 years in male, 45-105 years in female). The average ages of males and females were 70.7 years and 71.1 years, respectively. Average total daily food intake was significantly decreased with aging in both genders, and the average animal food intake ratio to total food intake was ranged 10~14% in 3 different age groups, 45~64 years, 65~74 years and 75 years and older. The contribution of each food group, in weight, to total food intake showed the descending order of grains, fruits, vegetables and alcohols in males, and grains, fruits, potatoes and meats in females. On daily intake amount of each food item, rice, watermelon, soju, kimchi, and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in males, and rice, watermelon, potato, kimchi and ylmukimchi in females. On intake frequency, rice, kimchi, onion, green pepper and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in both genders. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS) for the assessment of dietary diversity and balance were significantly decreased with aging in both genders. In food group intake pattern (DMGFV), 01101 type without consumption of dairy and fruits was the most prevalent, and only 3.6% of male and 3.9% of female subjects showed 11111 type, consumed all the 5 food groups a day. Dietary pattern of subjects was analyzed by cluster analysis with 18 food groups intake. Overall dietary pattern was classified into two clusters, one was more desirable and the other was less desirable. The percentage of subjects with more desirable dietary pattern was about 15% in male and 32% in female. In conclusion, most of our subjects living in Gugoksundam area were taking very simple diet with low amount of dairy products and fruits. These results indicate that nutrition intervention and education for older people living in rural areas should be focused on various food intake including dairy products and fruits.