• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2005

Purpose: This study compared climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women living in urban and rural areas. Method: The study subjects included 287 women aged 40-64 years in P city and G town. The instruments used in this study were a climacteric symptoms scale and knowledge of menopause and a menopausal management scale. Data was analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0. Result: The mean age of middle-aged women living in urban areas was 47.9 years and that of women in rural areas was 48.0 years. The mean score of the climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women living in urban and rural areas was 48.8 and 50.4 respectively, and was not significantly different. The mean score of the knowledge of menopause of middle-aged women living in urban areas was higher than that of women in rural areas (p=.017). In addition, the mean score of the menopausal management of middle-aged women living in rural areas was higher than that of women in urban areas. Conclusion: This study suggests that not only general characteristics but also living areas should be considered in developing nursing interventions to manage the climacteric symptoms of middle aged women.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.120-130
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• 2002

This study was attempted to identify and compare in developing a health promotion program for extending healthy life expectancy of the middle-aged women and protecting health of women in the vulnerable class by comparing and researching life-style and actual conditions of health for the middle-aged women in rural and urban areas. Subjects of this study were 160 middle-aged urban women in Seoul city and chongju city and 155 middle-aged rural women in rural community goisangun. For collecting data, questionnaire was performed with structured questionnaires was used to know their actual conditions of health and life-style. Findings of this study were as follows. 1. In comparing life-style of the urban middle- aged women with the rural community, the percentage of regularly checked-up were higer urban women (46.4%) than the rural women (35%); women who have not checked up were 21.3% and 11.4% in the rural community and cities respectively, but it had a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). For the types of checkup, the rate of uterine cancer checkup than that of breast cancer self-examination or cholesterol test was higher both in the rural community(75.6%) and cities(77.4%). 2. The results of comparing actual conditions of the middle-aged women in the rural urban area were as follows; the recognition of health of the urban women was 'Very healthy (7.2%),' 'Healthy (35.5%),' 'Moderate (46.5%),' and 'Not healthy (10.3%), while the recognition of the rural women was 'Very healthy (2.5%),' 'Healthy (30.0%),' 'Moderate (36.3%),' and 'Not healthy (30.6%)'. These results showed a statistically significant difference (p=.000). Women having any problems in health were 48.1% and 36.8% in the rural and the urban respectively and it had a statistically significant difference (p=.042). For the most of health problems, arthritis accounted for 29.4% in the rural community and arthritis and constipation accounted for 21.3% in the urban. According to findings of this study, it can be concluded that rural women had more health problems, felt they were not healthy themselves and were checked up regularly less than the urban women, and their health care was poor. Therefore, more effective nursing intervention plans should be designed to enhance the performance level of health promotion for rural women.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to know perception of rural area, intention of going to rural, decision factors. It is social survey research with questionnaire which was conducted among citizen of Incheon during Oct. 11~28 2010. The data from 100 respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, crosstab, and factor using SPSS 18.0 statistic program. The major findings were as followings: 1)most of the middle aged people(90%) are interested in living in rural area, and 96% of middle aged people have positive perception of living in rural area. 2) most of respondents(86%) have intention to living in rural area, and it is different between man and women. 3) most of respondents think distance to hospital is more important than others. Also, women consider location more than men, high income people consider quality of housing more than others, and older people consider neighbor and leisure more than other people. In conclusion, environment of housing in terms of location, community center, and leisure facilities need to be developed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was to investigate relationships among health promotion behavior, family resilience, marital communication, and successful aging of the new middle-aged living in rural areas. Methods: Data collection was conducted from May 1 to June 20, 2021, participants were 119 adults aged 50~69 living in rural areas. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: As a result, factors influencing successful aging for the new middle-aged were avocation (β=-.27, p=.002.), family resilience (β=.24, p=.045), marital communication (β=.22, p=.023), gender (β=.19, p=.023), and the explanatory power of 31.0%. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a program to strengthen personal avocation, family resilience, and marital communication.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to test the effect of a 12-week exercise program on body composition. blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and bone mineral density for middle-aged and aged women in rural areas. Methods: The subjects were 33 women at the age of 40-75. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used with SPSSWIN 16.0. Results: The results were summarized as follows. First, body weight, BMI. % body fat. abdominal adipose, and waist circumference of the women decreased significantly after implementing the 12-week exercise program. Second, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL decreased significantly, and the HDL level increased significantly after the 12-week exercise program. Third, bone mineral density did not increase significantly after the program. Conclusion: These results suggest that the exercise program has an effect in decreasing body composition, and improving blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid in middle-aged and aged women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.694-705
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. Method: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. Result: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. Conclusion: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of regular Nordic walking exercise on the physical indicators and subjective happiness of middle-aged rural residents. Methods: A pretest and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was conducted. The participants of experimental and control group were each 21 subjects from 40 to 64 years old. The Nordic walking exercise program consisted of 24 sessions which were focused on group exercise, and was conducted three times a week for eight weeks. Results: The experimental group showed significant decreases in body mass index (p=.042), body fat (p<.001), and abdominal fat (p=.026). The experimental group showed significant increases in muscle mass of right lower limb (p=.009) and left lower limb (p=.016) but was not statistically significant in right, left upper limbs and body. On the other hand, the control group showed significant decreases in muscle mass of right upper limb (p=.034), left upper limb (p=.038), and body (p=.034). There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and subjective happiness between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The Nordic walking exercise should be actively encouraged to improve health of the middle-aged in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.709-718
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of aroma self-foot reflexology massage on stress and immune responses and fatigue in middle-aged women in rural areas. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were 52 middle-aged women from rural areas of which 26 were assigned to the experimental group and 26 to the control group. Data were collected from July to September, 2011 and analyzed using SPSS Win 17.0 version program. The intervention was conducted 3 times a week for six weeks. Results: There were significant differences in reported perceived stress, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fatigue between the two groups. However, the issue of salivary cortisol and immune response were not significant. Conclusion: Aroma self-foot reflexology massage can be utilized as an effective intervention for perceived stress, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fatigue in middle-aged woman in rural areas.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare health promotion behavior in middle-aged rural residents by cancer screening participation. Methods: Data were collected from 508 rural residents during the period from April 6 to June 6, 2009 using structured questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The cancer screening rate was 50.2%. The rate was significantly different according to sex, educational level, marital status, private insurance, family cancer history, smoking, drinking, perceived health status, and health concern. Men showed the highest screening rate in gastroscopy for stomach cancer, and women in pap smear test for cervical cancer. Pap smear test for cervical cancer showed the highest regular screening rate (4.3%). The average score of health promotion behavior was $2.65{\pm}0.35$. Health promotion behavior was significantly different according to cancer screening participation, health responsibility, stress management, and self actualization. Conclusions: These results suggested that there may be differences in health promotion behavior among middle-aged rural residents according to their cancer screening participation. A further study is necessary to find effective interventions for the non-cancer screening group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a urinary incontinence management program for middle aged women living in a rural area. Method: The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. Forty eight women with urinary incontinence aged 40-64, who lived in a rural area were included in the study. The urinary incontinence management program was composed of urinary incontinence education, pelvic floor muscle exercise, behavior management using a voiding diary. The program had three weekly sessions. Knowledge about urinary incontinence, physical symptoms, self-efficacy, and urinary incontinence related quality of life were measured before and after the program. Results: After carrying the urinary incontinence management program, knowledge score improved significantly compared to before the program ($6.31{\pm}3.30$ vs $7.77{\pm}2.55$, p=.01). But the score for self-efficacy, and urinary incontinence related quality of life did not improve. Conclusion: The 3 week urinary incontinence program had an effect on knowledge related to urinary incontinence, but not self efficacy nor urinary incontinence related quality of life. Thus further study is required to better evaluate the effects of the urinary incontinence program.