• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.961-968
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• 2015

This study aims to develop an efficient mold structure for the injection molding of a subminiature lens, using shell-type runners instead of traditional cylindrical runners. While the shell runner has the advantage of shorter cooling time due to its thinner geometry, this smaller thickness causes an increase in injection pressure. In this study, the design of the shell runner was modified to contain multiple holes for the purpose of reducing injection pressure. Numerical analyses were performed for shell runners of various hole-shapes, and the resulting filling and cooling characteristics were discussed; the rhombic hole showed the best result for both filling and cooling characteristics. Subsequently, injection molding experiments were performed using an injection mold fabricated based on the rhombic design. The lens parts were successfully molded with highly-reduced cycle time and without degradation of part quality.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 2024

Ultra-low-head is an unexplored classification among the sites in which hydroelectric power can be produced. This is typically owing to the low power output and the economic value of the turbines available in this segment. A turbine capable of operating in an ultra-low-head condition without the need of a dam to produce electricity is developed in this study. A gate structure installed at a shallow water channel acting as a weir generates artificial head for the turbine mounted on the gate to produce power. The turbine and generator are designed to be compact and submersible for an efficient and silent operation. The gate angle is adjustable to operate the turbine at varying flow rates. The turbine is designed and tested using computational fluid dynamics tools prior to manufacturing and experimental studies. A parametric study of the runner blade parameters is conducted to obtain the most efficient blade design with minimal hydraulic losses. These parameters include the runner stagger and runner leading edge flow angles. The selected runner design showed improved hydraulic characteristics of the turbine to operate in an ultra-low-head site with minimal losses.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The current scenario of the transportation sector reflects the urgent need to address issues such as depletion of traditional fuel reserves and ever growing pollution levels. Researchers around the world are focussing on alternatives as well as optimisation of currently employed devices to reduce the pollution levels generated by the commonly used fuels. One such optimisation involves the study of air flow within the intake manifolds of SI engines. It is a well-known fact that alterations in the air manifolds of engines have a significant impact on the engine performance parameters, fuel consumption and emission levels. Previous works have demonstrated the impacts of runner lengths, diameter, plenum volume, taper angle of distribution manifolds and other factors on in-cylinder fluid motion and engine performance. However, a static setup provides an optimal configuration only at a specific engine speed. This paper aims to investigate the variations in the same parameters on a four stroke, naturally aspirated single cylinder SI engine through varying the cross section design over the intake runner with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The system consists of segments that form the intake runner with projections on the inside that allow various permutations of the intake runner segments. The various configurations provide the optimised fluid flow characteristics within the intake manifold at specific engine speed intervals. The variations such as turbulence, air fuel mixing are analysed using the three dimensional CFD software FLUENT. The results can be used further for developing an automated or manually adjustable intake manifold.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.9 s.90
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• pp.641-647
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• 2006

During the injection molding process an excessive packing can occur in the smaller volume cavity because of volumetric difference of the family-mold. It causes warpage by increased residual stress in the product and flesh by over packing. In this study, we used a variable-runner system for the filling balance of the cavities by changing the cross-sectional area of a runner, and confirmed the filling imbalance by temperature and pressure sensors. We carried out experiments to examine the influence of types of resins such as LDPE/ABS/PA6,6 on the filling balancing of the system, in order to help mold designers, who can easily adopt the variable-runner system to their design. We also examined filling imbalance in the system with CAE analysis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.191.2-191.2
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• 2010

The conventional method to assess turbine performance is its model testing which becomes costly and time consuming for several design alternatives in design optimization. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a cost effective tool for predicting detailed flow information in turbine space to enable the selection of best design. In the present paper, Francis turbine of commercial small hydropower plants which is under 70kw is investigated. Solutions are investigated with respect to the hydraulic characteristics against an outward angle of guide vane, the number of guide vane and head (inlet velocity). By suitable modification of the runner shape, low pressure zone on the leading edge can be reduced. If the entire runner is to be optimized in this manner, flow simulation tests have to be carried out on a series of different geometrical shape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.275-278
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• 2007

In family mold, defects are frequently occurred by an excessive packing the smaller volume cavity during molding. Although runner size could be optimized by CAE analysis or experimental data, the filling imbalance is hardly avoided in the actual injection molding process by various means. Before this study, we developed a variable-runner system for balancing the cavity-filling for three resins (ABS, LDPE, and PA66) in the family-mold, and examined the effect of cross-sectional area reduction of a runner in the system. In this study, we examined the conditions of the pressure and temperature in the system with a CAE analysis. We also analyzed the influence of the rheological characteristic of resins to the balancing-capability of the system in order to help mold designers easily adopt the variable-runner system to their design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.64-70
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• 1999

Family injection molding of plastic is widely used to enhance productivity. Runners for molded products in fami-ly injection molding have to be balanced so that each of the producs is filled completely at the same time,. In this study computer simulations were performed to determine balanced circular section runners in family injection molding with two cavities where each of he cavity shapes is like a case. It was found from the computer simula-tions that runner balance could be fulfilled only by modifying runner diameters. But in order to get more quality molded products other process factors such as flow length flow resistance shapes of products and etc, should be taken in to consideration for the design of a family injection molding process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2008

Hydroforming Technology has been applied to manufacture in various parts of automobile. Especially, Exhaust manifold has been applied to hydroforming method in the foreign advanced automotive company. Exhaust manifold runner is important exhaust parts that heat-resistant and exhaust flow characteristics are requested in the automobile. The purpose of this study is to optimize the manufacturing method of exhaust maniflold runner using FEA and to propose to get a optimization design direction. In addition, Comparative analysis between conventional exhaust maniflold and hydroformed exhaust maniflold has been done in view of weight-saving, manufacturing advantage.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2009

A Study on Effects of the Runner and the Gate of double shot injection molded Parts using CAE Double shot injection molding can inject two different materials or two different colors in the same mold in a injection molding process. Double shot injection molded parts can be characterized that the base part maintains strength and specified part can inject soft-material. It can reduce the production cost by single automatic operations. In this paper, we designed double shot injection mold for automobile emote control To inject secondary part, this part is used as an insert after external appearance of product is injected. CAE analysis was progressed gate location and runner size as variables. The analysis result is reflected in mold design process. As a result, it could solve problems which are generated in the conventional mold. Additionally, cost can be downed by reducing runner weight. As well as it could omit painting process because the surface of finished product is improved through new mold.