• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-55
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• 2003

In the school mathematics, the negative numbers have been instructed by means of intuitive models(concrete situation models, number line model, colour counter model), inductive-extrapolation approach, and the formal approach using the inverse operation relations. These instructions on the negative numbers have caused students to have the difficulty in understanding especially why the rules of signs hold. It is due to the fact that those models are complicated, inconsistent, and incomplete. So, students usually should memorize the sign rules. In this study we studied on the didactical phenomenology of the negative numbers as a foundational study for the improvement of teaching negative numbers. First, we analysed the formal nature of the negative numbers and the cognitive obstructions which have showed up in the historic-genetic process of them. Second, we investigated what the middle school students know about the negative numbers and their operations, which they have learned according to the current national curriculum. The results showed that the degree they understand the reasons why the sign rules hold was low Third, we instructed the middle school students about the negative number and its operations using the formal approach as Freudenthal suggest ed. And we investigated whether students understand the formal approach or not. And we analysed the validity of the new teaching method of the negative numbers. The results showed that students didn't understand the formal approach well. And finally we discussed the directions for improving the instruction of the negative numbers on the ground of these didactical phenomenological analysis.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the importance and satisfaction of consumer's perception of the information delivery format of products and services required and recommended by KS A ISO / IEC Guide 13: 2003 and KS A ISO / IEC Guide 37: 2003. Methods: In this study, the importance and satisfaction of clarity, principles of information transfer, how to use expressions and technical terms, and technical terms, warning signs, and durability were investigated. Results: The t-test analysis of the importance and satisfaction of the Writing Rules of the product user guide showed that all items had statistically significant differences. The importance of the writing rules of the product user guide for the use of the product was in the order of warning signs (4.423), how to use expressions and technical terms (4.215), principles of information transfer (4.163), clarity (3.914), and finally durability (3.851). Conclusion: Among the 'explanation,' 'instruction' and 'warning' functions of the Product User Guide, the consumer uses the manual to identify the inherent dangers and misuse of the product. Besides, since the life of the product is prolonged, the Product User Guide also needs to improve the quality of the cover or paper so that it can use for a long time.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

본 연구는 인적재난 분야에 다양한 재난전조자료를 수집 분석하여 재난 위험등급을 결정하는 의사결정체계를 구축할 목적으로 재난전조 정의, 재난전조정보를 분석하기 위한 분류체계, 재난전조정보 위험등급을 판단하기 위한 논리적 알고리즘, 대응 조치사항을 포함한 권고사항 등을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 의사결정체계를 위해 적용된 온톨로지 기법은 기본요소들의 분류 및 3계층 속성 분류만을 도입하였고, 텍스트 마이닝 기법에서는 용어의 빈도수 분석 및 신뢰도 계산 부분을 도입하여 연관성 규칙의 기본구조를 밝혀냈다. 이 기본구조에 과거 재난사례를 적용하여 연관성 규칙을 생성하였으며, 새로운 재난전조정보와 비교하여 위험등급을 추론하는 사례기반추론 기법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 지능형 의사결정체계는 의사결정자가 재난전조정보를 바탕으로 위험등급을 결정하여 사전예방조치를 할 수 있도록 도와주며, 궁극적으로 재난발생 가능성을 줄일 수 있다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

도로 위 공공 정보를 안내하는 표지판은 짧은 시간 내에 의사결정을 내릴 수 있도록 도와야 하므로 해당 지점에서 적합한 정보를 효과적으로 표현할 수 있어야 한다. 현재 법령에 의해 개정된 도로표지규칙은 도로명 주소를 기반으로 하려 기존의 도로표지판과 비교할 때 정보의 종류, 표현 방법, 표현 비중 등에서 크게 달라진 모습을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 도로명을 기준으로 달라진 개정된 도로표지판이 실제 지각-인지-이해-투영의 인지적인 관점에서 효과적인지를 분석하고 실제 주행하는 환경과 적합한 정보를 제공하고 있는지 검토하였다. 분석한 정보를 기반으로 개선된 디자인을 제시하고, 기존의 도로명 위주의 표지판과 비교하여 시인성 정도를 평가하는 실험을 진행하고 표지판 내용의 적합성에 대한 정성적 조사를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 보다 적합한 주행 정보와 직관적인 시인성을 높이는 방안을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제35권
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• pp.71-98
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• 2007

UCP 600 approved at the Banking Commission Meeting of ICC at the end of October, 2006 comes into effect from July 1, 2007. The main revision of the UCP 600 concerning the sea transport document are as follows. First, if the bill of lading contains an on-board-notation, with the date of shipment, the date stated in the on-board-notation will be deemed the date of shipment. Secondly, phrases "on its face" and "otherwise authenticated" should be eliminated. Thirdly, when an agent signs for or signs on behalf of the master, there is no longer a need for the name of master to be quoted. Fourthly, the terminology "loading on-board or shipped on a named vessel" is changed to "shipped on-board a named vessel." Fifthly, phrases "the rejection of the documents transported only by sail" is removed. Finally, new rule in UCP is the signing of a charter party bill of lading by the charterer or a named agent on behalf of the charterer. My assessment of the revision in UCP 600 is as follows: Because a freight forwarder transport document is a weaker form than a liner bill of lading as collateral, banks may need a secure measure as to protect themselves from such a weak collateral effect. we recognize that Such a weak collateral effect stemmed from the elimination of rules in UCP 500 article 30, and the admission of transport documents issued by the freight forwarder as long as any one besides carrier, shipper, and charterer satisfies the requirements of transport document clauses in UCP 600. Finally, I hope the Commentary on UCP 600 will serve to explain the ambiguities remaining in the new rules.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2022

Communication as a process of interpreting signs has always existed in people's life. In post-information society, the communication between a person and a technological system through the specific sign-attaching process becomes widespread. Moreover, it somehow replaces usual communication between people. One of the means of communication in the digital space are video games. They not only play an important role in communication processes, but also are a special case of sign-creating and interpreting. The purpose of the article is to examine video games as a space of sign-based communication between a person and a game as a specific digital system. With the help of general scientific and hermeneutic methodology, the analysis of video games as a post-information society phenomenon which people communicate to has been conducted. The process of semiosis as attaching special meanings to signs has been traced in both manipulating in-game objects and characters and understanding rules of an in-game world.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1997년도 춘계 학술대회 발표집
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• pp.81-85
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• 1997

In a virtual environment, agents must demonstrate some degree of realism and interactivity. This paper discusses the algorithm that enables agents to navigate a virtual road network realistically and interactively. The road description files written in this language provide the information of road environments to the navigating agents and the scene visualizer. We call this navigating agent in the road an ambient car. The ambient cars must follow the traffic rules as human does. To do this, the ambient car should continuously check its circumstances, such as, the traffic lights, lanes, road signs, and other ambient cars. Because of the huge scale of road network and the large number of ambient cars, the algorithm considers only the area where the participant is currently located. By this locality, the performance of the whole system does not fluctuate much in different situations. The behavior of ambient cars according to the predefined rules may appear monotonous. We added probability distribution functions to introduce some randomness. We implemented the above idea on silicon Graphics Indigo 2 workstation. The ambient car exhibited its awareness of lanes, traffic lights, and other cars. The participants could hardly distinguish between a human-controlled car and computer-controlled ambient car generated by the algorithm.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2016

Lee Sang, one of the representative poets of Korean Modern Poetry, wrote poems which present the existentialistic modernism in the 1920s, the chaotic era of Korean history. The characteristics of his works have been shown by various points of view. This paper especially explored the meaning and feature of mathematical expressions by numbers, symbols and other signs of mathematics in Lee's poems. His poems are composed by scientific and abstract rules in mathematics which are expressed as mathematical symbols. The paper focuses on analyzing seven poems which maximizes mathematical expressions among his poetry. This kind of work would be the one of ways to figure out the features of mathematics through literature.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권4_2호
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• pp.885-895
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• 2024

As the lack of management for HAZMAT transportation leads to fatal accidents, the interest in the problem is rapidly increasing in the world. Thus UN-RTDG recommends to establish regulations for HAZMAT transportation, and related ministries in Korea make rules and policies according to the regulations. However, there are few researches carried out on railway HAZMAT transportation. In this paper, issues such as present condition of laws and policies related to railway HAZMAT transportation, HAZMAT transportation procedure and regulations, HAZMAT signs of railway etc. are analyzed. Through analyzing these issues the problems and improvements of railway HAZMAT transportation are drawn. These results are respected to help to establish regulations and policies for HAZMAT transportation management. In the future, more detailed plan is needed for putting these improvements to practices.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore adolescent depression, increase understanding of social problems, and develop prevention and intervention strategies. As a research method, social big data was used to collect information related to 'youth depression', and related factors were identified through data mining and analysis of related rules. We used 'Sometrend Biz Tool' to collect and clean data from the web and then analyzed data in various languages. The study found that online articles about depression decreased during the school holidays (January to March), then increased from March to the end of June, and then decreased again from July. Therefore, it is important to establish a government-wide depression management monitoring system that can detect risk signs of adolescent depression in real time. In addition, regular stress relief and mental health education are needed during the semester, and measures must be prepared to deal with at-risk youth who share their depressed feelings in cyberspace. Results from these studies can be expected to provide important information in investigating and preventing youth depression and to contribute to policy development and intervention.