• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.72-75
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• 2012

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the existence of golden proportion between the widths of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The clinical tooth width measurements were recorded with the digital vernier calipers on 576 patients of both sexes in the age group of 21 - 30 years. Flexible ruler was used to determine the width of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth on the patients by the same operator. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using paired student t-test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. The golden proportion was not found between the width of the right central and lateral incisors in 53% of women and 47% of men. The results revealed the golden percentage was rather inconstant in terms of relative tooth width. CONCLUSION. The golden proportion is an inappropriate method to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth in Indian population.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.812-815
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• 1996

In this paper, we consider the optimal control problem based on Discrete Event Dynamic Systems(DEDS) in the Temporal Logic framework(TLF) which have studied for a convenient modeling technique. The TLF is enhanced with objective functions(event cost indices) and a measurement space is also defined. Our research goal is the design of the optimal controller for DEDSs. This procedure could be guided by the heuristic search methods. For the heuristic search, we suggested the Stochastic Ruler algorithm, instead of the A algorithm with difficulties as following; the uniqueness of solutions, the computational complexity and how to select a heuristic function. This SR algorithm is used for solving the optimal problem. An example is shown to illustrate our results.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-102
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• 2010

We present the fractal properties of the magnetic domain walls in $(5-{\AA}\;Co_{90}Fe_{10}/10-{\AA}\;Pt)_n$ multilayer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for the number of repeats n (1 to 5). In these films, the magnetization reversed due to the domain wall propagation throughout the films with rare nucleations. As n increased, it was observed that the jaggedness of the domain walls increased noticeably, which is possibly due to the accumulation of irregularities at the layer interfaces. The jaggedness of the domain walls was analyzed in terms of the fractal dimension by use of the ruler method, and it was revealed that the fractal dimension significantly changed from $1.0{\pm}0.002$ to $1.3{\pm}0.05$ as n increased from 1 to 5.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1997

A DEDS is a system whose states change in response to the occurence of events from a predefined event set. In this paper, we consider the optimal control and reasoning problem for Discrete Event Systems(DES) in the Temporal Logic Framework(TEL) which have been recnetly defined. The TLE is enhanced with objective functions(event cost indices) and a measurement space is alos deined. A sequence of event which drive the system form a give initial state to a given final state is generated by minimizing a cost functioin index. Our research goal is the reasoning of optimal trajectory and the design of the optimal controller for DESs. This procedure could be guided by the heuristic search methods. For the heuristic search, we suggested the Stochastic Ruler algorithm, instead of the A algorithm with difficulties as following ; the uniqueness of solutions, the computational complexity and how to select a heuristic function. This SR algorithm is used for solving the optimal problem. An example is shown to illustrate our results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.9
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• pp.112-123
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• 1994

In this paper, inspection and subpixed alignment algorithms of SMD's (Surface Mounting Devices) using fuzzy morphology are proposed. First, camera calibration is performed and then the inspection algorithm detects defects such as lead bending and breaking using the ruler generated by fuzy morphology. The SMD having no defects is tested whether it is mounted in the specified position or not. The proposed subpixel alignment algorithm detects accurately orientation and position using subpixel interpolation. It consists of two parts: preprocessing and main processing steps, in which corner points and coarse orientation of a SMD are detected, and interpolation is used to obtain final parameters with wubpixel accuracy. The computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithms give more accurate parameters, and they can be applied to fast and accurate automatic surface mounting systems.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2010

OFC (Optical Frequency Comb) is an optical spectrum which consists of equidistant lines in frequency space. OFC can thus be used as an optical ruler. Since it was demonstrated in late 1990s, it is revolutionizing many fields in frequency metrology such as the measurement of absolute optical frequencies, the measure ratios of optical frequencies with extremely high precision. It is also used in high-precision spectroscopy. In astronomy, OFC can be used as a very accurate and stable wavelength standard for a high resolution spectrograph to measure the radial velocity of celestial bodies with extremely high accuracy of about several tens cm/s. In our presentation, we will introduce some basic concepts of OFC and some issues to use it in astronomical spectrograph. We will also present our plan to develop a high resolution spectrograph with OFC.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

This paper is to clarify on the Characteristics of the Layout of the Hue, the Capital of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam, based on a close study of historical records. The results of this study are as follows: Hue was organized according to the traditional capital system of China, whereas the city wall was built Western-style called Vauban. It can be said that the construction of Hue was the result of reflecting both the regional situation that was under the influence of the Chinese culture and the situation of the time that required military facilities based on new technologies. The Axis of Hue oriented to southeast and the location of the government facilities related to way of construction, using the existing facilities. Some facilities that must be located within the imperial city were built its outside. Because facilities for ancestor worship was more important. The facilities for ancestor worship was able to get confirmation that Nguyen Dynasty was successor of ruler who dominated the country.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2000

The completion of sequencing human genome would motivate us to map millions of human cDNAs onto the unique ruler "genome sequence", in order to identify the exact address of each cDNA together with its exons, its promoter region, and its alternative splicing patterns. The expression patterns of some cDNAs could therefore be associated with these precise gene addresses, which further accelerate studies on mining correlations between motifs of promoters and expressions of genes in tissues. Towards the realization of this goal, we have developed a time-and-space efficient software named SQUALL that is able to map one cDNA sequence of length a few thousand onto a long genome sequence of length thirty million in a couple of minutes on average. Using SQUALL, we have mapped twenty thousand of our Bodymap (http://bodymap.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp) cDNAs onto the genome sequences of Chr.21st and 22nd. In this talk, I will report the status of this ongoing project.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of resin and filler type on the compressive strength of light-activated composite resins. Experimental composite resins containing either amorphous spherical silica or crushed quartz in two matrix resins of BisGMA/TEGDMA and UTMA/TEGDMA were prepared and the specimens of 3 m in diameter and 6m in length were made. Compressive test was subjected to a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the fracture surFaces were examined by SEM. The compressive strength of UTMA-based composite resin was higher than that of BisGMA-based composite resin. The loading rate of spherical silica was higher than that of crushed silica when the size dis- tribution of fillers was same. Strength decrease of Bis-GMA-based composite resin was severer than that of UTMA-based composite resin in a $37^{\circ}$c water environment. Fracture surface showed that the composite resin failure developed along the matrix resin and the filler/resin interface region.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.367-378
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to utilize of the CAD system in pattern making process for women's bodice sloper, especially in education of the drafting. Accumark 540 System was used for this study. The drafting program was developed by the use of macro program in CAD system. The results from this study : 1. The Lim Won Ja's system of bodice sloper was selected in this study. The hand drafting of the system was arranged developing the macro program of bodice sloper. 2. The program consists of eight subprograms I sequence of the drafting order. In running this developed program, proper figure is drafted by inputing data. And the drafting process is automatically presented in interactive mode. 3. It has been developed to input the function of French Curve Ruler to increase the effectiveness of curved line treatment. The program can also be used in the curve part to present the manualy sensible function. 4. In case of education of drafting bodice sloper, the program provides the high accuracy, efficiency and a strong interest nterest in pattern making process by utilizing CAD system.