• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.377-380
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 학습데이터의 빈도요소를 반영하도록 수정된 구조의 FMM 신경망을 소개하고, 이로부터 패턴 분류를 위한 지식 표현을 생성하는 방법론을 제안한다. 하이퍼박스 멤버쉽함수는 5종류의 퍼지 분할을 기반으로 설정한 구간에 대하여 소속정도를 반영하여 결정하며, 각 차원별로 특징범위의 폭과 빈도 요소로부터 가중치 값이 학습된다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 이론을 수화인식 문제를 대상으로 고찰하였다. 인식 시스템의 구성은 특징추출을 위하여 3차원으로 확장된 구조의 CNN 모델을 사용하였으며, 수화패턴 데이터의 표현은 모션 히스토리 볼륨(Motion History Volume) 구조를 기반으로 하였다. 6종류의 수화패턴 동영상으로부터 27개 특징요소를 추출하고 이를 사용한 FMM 신경망의 학습과정과 지식의 추출 과정을 실험으로 보이고 그 유용성을 고찰한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.694-697
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• 1996

The aim of this work for 5 years from 1994 is to develop a multi-fingered robot hand and its control system for grasp and manipulation of objects dexterously. Since the robot hand is still being developed, a commercialized robot hand from Barrett Company is utilized to implement a hand controller and control algorithm. For this, VME based motion control and interface boards are developed and multi-sensors such as encoder, force/torque sensor, dynamic sensor and artificial skin sensor are partly developed and employed for the grasping control algorithm. In oder to handle uncertainties such as mechanical idleness and backlash, a fuzzy rule based grasping algorithm is also considered and tested with the developed control system.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1031-1041
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• 1999

기존의 한글에 대한 입술 애니메이션 방법은 음소의 입모양을 몇 개의 입모양으로 정의하고 이들을 보간하여 입술을 애니메이션하였다. 하지만 발음하는 동안의 실제 입술 움직임은 선형함수나 단순한 비선형함수가 아니기 때문에 보간방법에 의해 중간 움직임을 생성하는 방법으로는 음소의 입술 움직임을 효과적으로 생성할 수 없다. 또 이 방법은 동시조음도 고려하지 않아 음소들간에 변화하는 입술 움직임도 표현할 수 없었다. 본 논문에서는 동시조음을 고려하여 한글을 자연스럽게 발음하는 입술 애니메이션 방법을 제안한다. 비디오 카메라로 발음하는 동안의 음소의 움직임들을 측정하고 입술 움직임 제어 파라미터들을 추출한다. 각각의 제어 파라미터들은 L fqvist의 스피치 생성 제스처 이론(speech production gesture theory)을 이용하여 실제 음소의 입술 움직임에 근사한 움직임인 지배함수(dominance function)들로 정의되고 입술 움직임을 애니메이션할 때 사용된다. 또, 각 지배함수들은 혼합함수(blending function)와 반음절에 의한 한글 합성 규칙을 사용하여 결합하고 동시조음이 적용된 한글을 발음하게 된다. 따라서 스피치 생성 제스처 이론을 이용하여 입술 움직임 모델을 구현한 방법은 기존의 보간에 의해 중간 움직임을 생성한 방법보다 실제 움직임에 근사한 움직임을 생성하고 동시조음도 고려한 움직임을 보여준다.Abstract The existing lip animation method of Hangul classifies the shape of lips with a few shapes and implements the lip animation with interpolating them. However it doesn't represent natural lip animation because the function of the real motion of lips, during articulation, isn't linear or simple non-linear function. It doesn't also represent the motion of lips varying among phonemes because it doesn't consider coarticulation. In this paper we present a new coarticulation model for the natural lip animation of Hangul. Using two video cameras, we film the speaker's lips and extract the lip control parameters. Each lip control parameter is defined as dominance function by using L fqvist's speech production gesture theory. This dominance function approximates to the real lip animation of a phoneme during articulation of one and is used when lip animation is implemented. Each dominance function combines into blending function by using Hangul composition rule based on demi-syllable. Then the lip animation of our coarticulation model represents natural motion of lips. Therefore our coarticulation model approximates to real lip motion rather than the existing model and represents the natural lip motion considered coarticulation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.170-182
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop learning materials based on the Kepler's abductive reasoning and to identify high school students' rule-inferring strategies on the law of planetary motion. The learning materials including the concepts of solar magnetic field, conservation of figure skater's angular momentum and Kepler's polyhedral theory were developed and the questions about Kepler's 2nd and 3rd law of planetary motion were also created. The participants were 79science high school students and 83general high school students. The patterns and properties of their abductive inference were analyzed. The findings revealed that the students showed 'incomplete analogy abduction', 'analogy abduction' and 'reconstruction' to generate the hypotheses concerning the Mars' motion related to the solar magnetic field. There were more general high school students who showed the incomplete analogy abduction than science high school students. On the other hand, there were more science high school students who showed the analogy abduction and reconstruction strategy than general high school students. Also, they showed 'incomplete analogy abduction', 'analogy abduction' and 'model construction and manipulation' to generate the hypotheses concerning Kepler's second law. A number of general high school students showed the incomplete analogy. It is suggested that because the analogy of figure skater cause the students' alternative framework to use, more detailed demonstration is necessary in class. In addition, students combined Kepler's polyhedral theory with their prior knowledge to infer Kepler's third law.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.74-86
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• 2006

This paper proposes a robust and computationally efficient algorithm for automatic video object segmentation. For implementing the spatio-temporal segmentation, which aims for efficient combination of the motion segmentation and the color segmentation, an SOM-based hierarchical clustering method in which the segmentation process is regarded as clustering of feature vectors is employed. As results, problems of high computational complexity which required for obtaining exact segmentation results in conventional video object segmentation methods, and the performance degradation due to noise are significantly reduced. A measure of motion vector reliability which employs MRF-based MAP estimation scheme has been introduced to minimize the influence from the motion estimation error. In addition, a noise elimination scheme based on the motion reliability histogram and a clustering validity index for automatically identifying the number of objects in the scene have been applied. A cross projection method for effective object tracking and a dynamic memory to maintain temporal coherency have been introduced as well. A set of experiments has been conducted over several video sequences to evaluate the proposed algorithm, and the efficiency in terms of computational complexity, robustness from noise, and higher segmentation accuracy of the proposed algorithm have been proved.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.711-731
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• 2020

This paper deals with free vibration of FG sandwich annular sector plates on Pasternak elastic foundation with different boundary conditions, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The plates with simply supported radial edges and arbitrary boundary conditions on their circular edges are considered. The influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness, aspect ratio, internal pores and graphene platelets (GPLs) on the vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates is investigated in this research work. The distributions of CNTs are considered functionally graded (FG) or uniform along the thickness of upper and bottom layers of the sandwich sectorial plates and their mechanical properties are estimated by an extended rule of mixture. In this study, the classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The core of structure is porous and the internal pores and graphene platelets (GPLs) are distributed in the matrix of core either uniformly or non-uniformly according to three different patterns. The elastic properties of the nanocomposite are obtained by employing Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model. A semi-analytic approach composed of 2D-Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (2D-GDQM) and series solution is adopted to solve the equations of motion. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. Some new results for the natural frequencies of the plate are prepared, which include the effects of elastic coefficients of foundation, boundary conditions, material and geometrical parameters. The new results can be used as benchmark solutions for future researches.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.301-314
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• 2008

The existing event recognition is accomplished with the limited systematic foundation, and thus much longer learning time is needed for emergency scenario interpretation due to large scale of probability data. In this paper, we propose a method for nile-based event recognition of an independent object(human) which extract a feature vectors from the object and analyze the behavior pattern of each object and interpretation of emergency scenarios using a probability and object's events. The event rule of an independent object is composed of the Primary-event, Move-event, Interaction-event, and 'FALL DOWN' event and is defined through feature vectors of the object and the segmented motion orientated vector (SMOV) in which the dynamic Bayesian network is applied. The emergency scenario is analyzed using current state of an event and its post probability. In this paper, we define diversified events compared to that of pre-existing method and thus make it easy to expand by increasing independence of each events. Accordingly, semantics information, which is impossible to be gained through an.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-85
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• 2019

The Hong Kong's Anti-Ordinance Amendment Movement is the most serious radical social movement since the 1997 return, which has served as the promotion of the 2014 Occupy Central Movement and broken through the violence baseline. The movement came from a criminal case committed in Taiwan,which gave a good reason and motivation for the HK government to amend the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance. The HK government has responded to the protests by strictly limiting the legal scope and transfer procedure, even giving up the legislative motion. But the protests still say no and develop into the constantly violent activities. Many of the protests have committed the crimes in HK laws,part of whom have been arrested,prosecuted and under judicially judged. It is necessary for the offenders to be punished to protect the authority of rule of law in HK. Two different paths for HK have fought against each other since the 1997 return: one is the "democratic-welfare" path taken by the Pan-Democratic Camp, the other is the "Legal-development" path taken by the Pan-Establishment Camp. The second path shares some nuclear characteristics of the so-called The China Model mainly shaped from the 40-years Reforms and Openness. However, the HK people can't understand the China Model very well and show great fear and distrust on the judicial system of Mainland China. The foreign powers such as US and UK have illegally interfered the HK issues which are deemed to be the domestic affairs of China. The so-called Sino-UK Joint Declaration can't serve as the legal basis for the interference. Taiwan, as a part of China, also plays a negative role in this movement for its electoral and political interest. Up to now, the movement has gone down and the HK government has the legal capacity to solve the problems under the supports from the central government and the HK people. The HK people love its rule of law and order under the constitutional framework of One Country Two System. After the movement,One Country Two Systems will be go on, and the integrated development under the policies of the central government will be the main stream. However, the relevant problems exposed by this movement muse be checked and solved legally and strictly,especially concerning the social inequality and youth development.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

An accurate and efficient numerical method for two-dimensional nonlinear radiation problem has been developed. The wave motion due to a moving body is described by the assumption of ideal fluid flow, and the governing Laplace equation can be effectively solved by the higher-order boundary element method with the help of the GMRES (Generalized Minimal RESidual) algorithm. The intersection or corner problem is resolved by utilizing the so-called discontinuous elements. The implicit trapezoidal rule is used in updating solutions at new time steps by considering stability and accuracy. Traveling waves caused by the oscillating body are absorbed downstream by the damping zone technique. It is demonstrated that the present method for time marching and radiation condition works efficiently for nonlinear radiation problem. To avoid the numerical instability enhanced by the local gathering of grid points, the regriding technique is employed so that all the grids on the free surface may be distributed with an equal distance. This makes it possible to reduce time interval and improve numerical stability. Special attention is paid to the local flow around the body during time integration. The nonlinear radiation force is calculated by the "acceleration potential technique". Present results show good agreement with other numerical computations and experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2016

The present study experimentally considers dynamic performance of large floating wave-offshore hybrid power generation platform in extreme conditions. In order to evaluate the motion performance of the large floating hybrid power generation platform, 1/50 scaled model was manufactured. A mooring line was also manufactured, and free-decay and static pull-out tests were carried out to check the mooring model. A mooring line table was introduced to satisfy the water depth, and environmental conditions were checked. Motion responses in regular waves were measured and complicated environmental conditions including wave, wind, and current were applied to see the dynamic performance in extreme/survival conditions. Maximum motion and acceleration were judged following the design criteria, and maximum offset and mooring tension were also checked based on the rule. The characteristics of hybrid power generation platform are discussed based on these data.