• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The main purpose of this research is to show the consideration of the geographical effects related with its features and configuration on the height of the wall in Hwasong. The method of this research is based on old documentary records and actual measuring. The result of this research is to take advantage of nature geographical features and configuration. First the castle of wall construction is based on outside defensive protection, mainly it was made of stones or bricks. And took advantage of its natural environment. According to circumstance, there were two kinds of general method to build the wall., Second It was considered, They had so many difficulty to move stones to build wall, especially to rugged hilly steep mountain. Third There were three kinds of stones to build wall, Bottom stones were piled with Big stones, because of its stability. Third There were three kinds of stones to build wall, Bottom stones were piled with Big stones, because of its stability. On top of the wall was built with small stones it shows good harmony with small, middle, big size stones. It is considered not only stability but also beauty of appearance. Fourth Placing ChiSung was able to adjust height of wall low at the same time it was also taken advantage of a active defensive power. The suggestion of this research is to take advantage f nature geographical features and at the same time it was a perfect way to save the cost of construction. The further research of this should be continued to deepen because, it is the early stage, so it is maningful of eoffering a guidance for the furder research. in this research has a number of important question remain unsolved.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

다이아몬드는 원석의 형태가 불규칙하고 견고하더라도 보석으로 쉽게 가공될 수 있으며, 등급 평가에 영향력을 나타내는 테이블, 크라운, 퍼빌리언, 거들면을 정밀하게 측정하였다. Round Brilliant Cut Diamond의 표준 연마에 적합한 규격을 조사하였고, 통계적(95 %) 신뢰 구간으로 표준편차, 평균, 허용 오차를 검토하였다. 측정된 크기, 각도, 깊이, 두께의 변수들이 나타내는 분포에 따라, 커팅 등급의 빈도 분석과 프로포션을 비교하였다. 각 변수간의 상관관계와 프로포션에 나타난 영향력의 근거는 LSM(Least Square Method)을 적용한 회귀 분석으로 결정하였다. 본 논문에서, 다이아몬드의 테이블 크기와 퍼빌리언 깊이 퍼센트가 등급 결정에 많은 영향을 미치고, 특히, 퍼빌리언 깊이는 프로포션과 관련하는 주요 원인으로 광학 현상에도 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.844-847
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• 2005

A seamless analysis of complex geometry is one of greatly interesting topic. However, there are still gaps between the industrial applications and fundamental academic studies owing to time consuming modeling process. To resolve this problem, an auto mesh generation program based on grid-based approach has been developed for IT-product in the present study. At first, base mesh and skin mesh are generated using the information of entities which extracted from IGES file. Secondly the provisional core mesh with rugged boundary geometry is constructed by superimposing the skin mesh as well as the base mesh generated from the CAD model. Finally, the positions of boundary nodes are adjusted to make a qualified mesh by adapting node modification and smoothing techniques. Also, for the sake of verification of mesh quality, the hexahedral auto mesh constructed by the program is compared with the corresponding tetrahedral free mesh and hexahedral mapped mesh through static finite element analyses. Thereby, it is anticipated that the grid-based approach can be used as a promising pre-processor for integrity evaluation of various IT-products.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 1996

Tungsten(W) polycide gate 구조에서 $WSi_x$의 두께가 증가하면 열처리 공정 후 Gate oxide의 두께가 증가하며, 전기적 신뢰도가 열화 되는 현상이 발생한다. 이러한 특성 열화를 일으키는 지배적인 요인은 $WSi_x$ 증착 공정 중 유입되어 후속 열 공정에 의하여 gate oxide로 환산되는 fluorine인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 현상을 규명하기 위하여 fluorine ion implantation된 poly Si과의 특성을 비교하였으며, SIMS 및 단면 TEM을 이용한 미세 구조 연구를 실시하였다. 그러나 $WSi_x$의 두께가 600$\AA$ 이상부터는이러한 특성 열화가 포화되는 현상이 관찰되었다. 600$\AA$ 이상의 $WSi_x$ 두께에서는 미세 구조가 표면이 거칠고, porous한 phase로 구성된 상부 구조와 비교적 dense하고, 매끈한 계면 상태를 갖는 하부 구조로 이루어졌으며, porous한 표면 부위는 후속 열공정 중 oxygen-rich한 phase로 변하여 fluorine을 포획하여 oxide로의 확산을 억제하여 특성 열화가 포화되는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

Carisoprodol (CSP) is commonly prescribed as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Recently, we encountered 7 suicidal cases in which carisoprodol was detected. We developed a rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of CSP and meprobamate (MPB) by GC and GC/MS. Postmortem blood concentrations of CSP and MPB ranged 22.9-124.4 ,$\mu$g/ml and its metabolite, 26.8-144.5 ,$\mu$g/ml respectively. Among 7 cases studied, Only CSP was ingested in 4 cases and combination of CSP and dextromethorphan was ingested in 2 cases according to the case history and one case was with ethanol. The order of the tissue concentration of CSP and MPB was liver> kidney > brain, and the concentration of MPB was higher than that of CSP in all tissues. The MPB /CSP concentration ratios of urine, bile juice, liver, kidney, brain and blood were 15.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. There was a big difference in concentration of CSP and MPB in 7 cases due to differences in the amount of dose administered and time to death after dosing.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1619-1619
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• 2001

Ourwork aims to assess the content of dry matter, protein, cell wall parameters and water soluble carbohydrates in forages without having to handle samples, transport them to a laboratory, dry, grind and chemically analyze them. for this purpose, the concept of fresh forage analysis under field conditions by means of compact integrated NIRS InGaAs-diode array instruments on small plot harvesters is being evaluated for plant breeding trials. This work was performed with the world first commercial experimental forage plot harvester equipped with a NIRS module for the collection, compression, and scanning of forage samples (including automatic referencing and dark current measure ments). It was used for harvesting and analyzing a number of typical forage grass and forage legume plot trials. After NIRS measurements in the field each sample was again analyzed in the laboratory by means of a conventional grating spectrometer equipped with Si-and PbS-detectors. Conventional laboratory analysis of the samples was restricted to dry matter (DM) content by means of oven drying at 105. Routine chemometric procedures were then employed to assess the comparative accuracy and precision of the DM assessments in the spectral range between 950 and 1650nm by the NIRS diode array as well as by the conventional NIRS scanning instrument. The results of this study confirmed that the type of NIRS diode array instrument employed here functioned well even in rugged field operations. further refinements proved to be necessary for optimizing the automatic filling of the sample compartment to adjust for the wide variation in forage material under conditions of extremely low or high harvest yields. The error achieved in calibrating the apparatus for forages of typical DM content proved to be satisfactory (SECV < 1.0). Possibly as a consequence of higher sampling errors, its performance in atypical forages with elevated DM contents was less satisfactory. The error level obtained on the conventional grating NIR spectrometer was similar to that of the diode array instrument for both types of forage.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.269-281
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• 2010

The cone penetration test(CPT) has been increasingly used for in situ site characterization. However, the use of CPT is often limited due to specific site conditions depending on the cone size, geometry, and capacity of the CPT system used. In South Korea, it has generally been considered that the CPT could be satisfactorily performed only in soft soils. Louisiana State University/ Louisiana Transportation Research Center has implemented a field-rugged continuous intrusion miniature cone penetration test (CIMCPT) system since the 1990s. The miniature cone penetrometer of the CIMCPT system has a cross-sectional cone area of $2cm^2$ allowing finer soil profiles compared to the standard $10cm^2$. The reduced cross-sectional area also enables a system capacity reduction leading to cost saving and ease in maintenance. In addition, the continuous intrusion mechanism allows fast and economic site investigations. Samsung C&T Corporation has recently implemented a similar CIMCPT system. In this study, case studies on the field application of Samsung CIMCPT system for the last 2 years are presented to illustrate its performance investigation and its usefulness and limitation. Results of the case studies show that the CIMCPT system can be applied to soils with cone tip resistance($q_c$) values up to about 30MPa and allows a reliable and useful way to characterize soft soils. The results also show that the rod buckling limits the investigation depth by the system and the large contact pressure of the CIMCPT truck prevents the use of the system at sites with soft surface soils. According to the results of the case studies, the Samsung CIMCPT system has been being upgraded with a miniature cone with a longer rod, a crawler-type transportation system, a pre-boring system, and so on.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1048-1053
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• 2005

This paper presents design and integration of the ROBHAZ-DT3, which is a newly developed mobile robot system with chained double-track mechanisms. A passive adaptation mechanism equipped between the front and rear body enables the ROBHAZ-DT3 to have good adaptability to uneven terrains including stairs. The passive adaptation mechanism reduces energy consumption when moving on uneven terrain as well as its simplicity in design and remote control, since no actuator is necessary for adaptation. Based on this novel mobile platform, a rescue version of the ROBHAZ-DT3 with appropriate sensors and a semi-autonomous mapping and localization algorithm is developed to participate in the RoboCup2004 US-Open: Urban Search and Rescue Competition. From the various experiments in the realistic rescue arena, we can verify that the ROBHAZ-DT3 is reliable in traveling rugged terrain and the proposed mapping and localization algorithm are effective in the unstructured environment with uneven ground. The another application is an military robot for an EOD(Explosive Ordnance Disposal) and reconnaissance mission. The military version of the ROBHAZ-DT3 with a water disrupter, a thermal scope and a long distance wireless communication device is developed and sent to the area of military tactics in Iraq. Consequently, the feasibility of the military version of ROBHAZ-DT3 is verified.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2005

Induction motors are the most commonly used electrical drives because they are rugged, mechanically simple, adaptable to widely different operating conditions, and simple to control. The most common faults in squirrel-cage induction motors are bearing, stator and rotor faults. Surveys conducted by the IEEE and EPRI show that the most common fault in induction motor is bearing failure (${\sim}$40% of failure). Thence, this paper addresses experimental results for diagnosing faults with different rolling element bearing damage via motor current spectral analysis. Rolling element bearings generally consist of two rings, an inner and outer, between which a set of balls or rollers rotate in raceways. We set the experimental test bed to detect the rolling-element bearing misalignment of 3 type induction motors with normal condition bearing system, shaft deflection system by external force and a hole drilled through the outer race of the shaft end bearing of the four pole test motor. This paper takes the initial step of investigating the efficacy of current monitoring for bearing fault detection by incipient bearing failure. The failure modes are reviewed and the characteristics of bearing frequency associated with the physical construction of the bearings are defined. The effects on the stator current spectrum are described and related frequencies are also determined. This is an important result in the formulation of a fault detection scheme that monitors the stator currents. We utilized the FFT, Wavelet analysis and averaging signal pattern by inner product tool to analyze stator current components. The test results clearly illustrate that the stator signature can be used to identify the presence of a bearing fault.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.917-921
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• 2013

A simple, quick and reliable analytical method for the confirmation and quantification of propisochlor was developed. The propisochlor was extracted from water, soil and rice (stalks, rice and hull) matrices using acetonitrile, and cleaned up with primary secondary amine and determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The LODs of propisochlor ranged from 0.03 ${\mu}g/kg$ to 0.12 ${\mu}g/kg$, while the LOQs ranged from 0.1 ${\mu}g/kg$ to 0.4 ${\mu}g/kg$ in different matrixes. The mean recoveries of propisochlor at three levels (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg) were in the range of 73.7-94.9% with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.1-13.9% and inter-day $RSD_R$ of 3.3-12.7%. This method is suitable for routine analysis of propisochlor under field conditions. The half-lives of propisochlor in rice stalks, water and soil were 1.7, 1.5 and 2.3 days in Hunan, 5.7, 1.0 and 1.9 days in Anhui and 4.8, 1.0 and 3.1 days in Guangxi.