• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2020

A calibration curve is needed to determine the SBR and BR blend ratio of SBR/BR blend rubber compounds using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass chromatography (Py-GC/MS) or Py-GC. In general, a calibration curve is obtained using reference SBR/BR vulcanizates with various blend ratios. In this study, the calibration curves were obtained using reference samples made of rubber solutions and were compared to those plotted using the reference SBR/BR vulcanizates. Calibration curves using variations of 1,3-butadiene/styrene, 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH)/styrene, 2-phenylpropene (PhP)/butadiene, PhP/VCH, 4-phenylcyclohexene (PhCH)/butadiene, and PhCH/VCH ratios with the BR content were examined for the suitability. We found that the calibration curves obtained using the mixed rubber solution references (1,3-butadiene/styrene and PhP/butadiene) could replace those constructed using the reference SBR/BR vulcanizates. The calibration curves of 1,3-butadiene/styrene and PhP/butadiene obtained using the raw references can be used for the determination of the SBR/BR blend ratios by applying some correction factors.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

Chloro isobutylene isoprene rubber (CIIR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) compounded with other formulation chemicals, depending on the polymer blend, were prepared by mechanical mixing. After manufacturing the rubber vulcanizate by compression molding with a hot press, the mechanical and thermal properties including thermal conductivity, rebound resilience of the CIIR/EPDM blends were measured. As the EPDM rubber content increased, hardness and tension set showed a tendency to increase. Pure CIIR exhibited the lowest tensile strength; however, tensile strength increased with loading of EPDM rubber. On the other hand, in CIIR rubber, which is usually a low-rebound elastomer owing to a high damping effect, rebound resilience exhibited an increasing trend as the content of EPDM rubber increased. As the EPDM rubber content increased, thermal stability was improved due to reduction of decomposition rate in the rubber region of the blend vulcanizate.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2021

In this study, we observed the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and low temperature sealing performance of fluorosilicone elastic composites. When the blend ratio of Phenyl vinyl methyl silicone (PVMQ) was increased, the tensile strength, modulus at 100%, and compression set were decreased. The thermal stability of fluorosilicone elastic composites showed a similar tendency. These were caused by poorer green strength of PVMQ than Fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ). The change in the tensile strength and elongation at -40℃ showed a decreasing tendency with increasing PVMQ blend ratio. By increasing the PVMQ blend ratio, low-temperature performance was improved. The Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed that T_g was decreased and low-temperature performance was improved with increasing PVMQ blend ratio. However tanδ was decreased becaused of the poor green strength and elasticity of PVMQ. From a hysteresis loss at -40℃, the hysteresis loss value was increased and fluorosilicone elastic composites showed the decreasing tendency of elasticity with increasing PVMQ blend ratio. From the TR test, TR10 was decreased with increasing PVMQ blend ratio. FS-4 (45% PVMQ blended composites) showed a TR10 of -68.0℃ that was 5℃ lower than that of FS-1 (100% FVMQ). The gas leakage temperature was decreased with increasing PVMQ blend ratio. The gas leakage temperature of FS-4 was -69.2℃ that was 5℃ lower than that of FS-1. Caused by the polymer chain started to transfer from a glassy state to a rubbery state and had a mobility of chain under T_g, the gas leakage temperature showed a lower value than T_g. The sealing performance at low temperature was dominated by T_g that directly affected the mobility of the polymer chain.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2020

On the basis of the use of shoes, the outsole, which is mainly made of rubber, has various characteristics. The most important of these characteristics is abrasion resistance and friction. Generally, the abrasion resistance can be improved by adding more reinforcing filler such as silica to the rubber; however, the friction force drops. Owing to these problems, rubber having excellent abrasion resistance and rubber having excellent frictional force are blended. In this study, various characteristics, including wear resistance and friction, were evaluated by blending NBR/SBR or NBR/BR mixture with high wear resistance and CIIR with high friction. The CIIR was increased up to 60 phr, whereas the friction wear characteristics were rapidly changed in the NBR/CIIR blend ratio from 75:15 to 60:30.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2021

The demand for truck bus radial (TBR) tires with enhanced fuel efficiency and wear resistance have grown in recent years. In addition, as the issue of particulate matter and air pollution increases, efforts are being made to reduce the generation of particulate matter. In this study, we investigated the effect of varying the content of butadiene rubber (BR) on the properties of the rubber compounds and the amount of particulate matter in the TBR tire tread compound. Furthermore, we utilized carbon black in the NR/BR blend compounds owing to its excellent compatibility, and we used silica in the ENR-25/BR blend compounds because it can interact chemically with epoxide groups. The NR/BR blend compounds and the ENR-25/BR blend compounds were evaluated by varying their BR content between 20 phr and 30 phr. The results showed that the ENR-25/BR blend compounds had superior wear resistance than the NR/BR blend compounds. This was caused by the interaction between silica and ENR. In addition, it was confirmed that the increased wear resistance as the BR content increased. Furthermore, compared to the NR/BR blend compounds, ENR-25/BR blend compounds exhibited a lower tan 𝛿 value at 60℃ because silica was used as filler. This indicates a higher fuel efficiency. The measurement results for wear particulate matter showed that as increasing the BR content resulted in generation of less wear particulate matter. This was caused by the increased wear resistance. Moreover, the ENR-25/BR blend compounds with excellent filler-rubber interaction exhibited lower quantities of generated wear particulate matters as compared to the NR/BR blend compounds.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

The rapid development of the automobile industry is an important factor that led to the dramatic development of synthetic rubber. The tread part of tire that comes in direct contact with the road surface is related to the service life of the tire. Rubber compounds used in tire treads are often blended with SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) and BR (butadiene rubber) to satisfy physical property requirements. However, when two or more kinds of rubber are blended, phase separation and silica dispersion problems may occur due to non-uniform mixing of the rubber. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized an SBR copolymer with the same composition as that of a typical SBR/BR blend compound by controlling butadiene content during ESBR (emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber) synthesis. Subsequently, silica filled compounds were manufactured using the synthesized ESBR, and their mechanical properties, dynamic viscoelasticity, and crosslinking density were compared with those of the SBR/BR blended compound. When the content of butadiene was increased in the silica filled compound, the cure rate accelerated due to an increased number of allylic positions, which typically exhibit higher reactivity. However, the T-2 compound with increased butadiene content by synthesis less likely to show an increase in crosslink density due to poor silica dispersion. In addition, the T-3 compound containing high cis BR content showed high crosslink density due to its monosulfide crosslinking structure. Because of the phase separation, SBR/BR blend compounds were easily broken and showed similar $M_{100%}$ and $M_{300%}$ values as those of other compounds despite their high crosslink density. However, the developed blend showed excellent abrasion resistance due to the high cis-1,4 butadiene content and low rolling resistance due to the high crosslink density.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.298-305
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• 1973

Roll을 사용한 mastication에 의한 polystyrene(단독시와 rubber와의 blend시)의 기계적 분열에 대하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Polystyrene 단독시의 기계적 분열속도는 Goto가 밝힌 중합도$(P_t-P_{\infty})$에 관하여 2차인 다음식에 적합함을 알았다. $-\frac{dP_t}{dt} = k_s(P_t-P_{\infty})^2$2 2)Polystyrene-rubber (SBR, BR) blend계에서 polystyrene성분의 분열은 단독시와 비스하게 일어났다. 3)본 실험 조건하에서 polystyrene-rubber (SBR, BR) blend계에서, polystyrene성분의 분열속도도 단독시와 같이 상기한 2차식에 근사적으로 적합됨을 알았다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1998

보강성 충전제가 첨가된 고무블렌드의 물리적 특성을 조사하기 위해 카본블랙이 첨가된 유화중합 고무블렌드와 실란이 커플링된 실리카가 첨가된 용액중합 고무블렌드의 가황특성, 점탄성특성, 내마모 및 고무보강성 평가하였다. 유화중합 고무블렌드는 가장 높은 총결합고무량을 나타냈으나, 용액중합 고무블렌드는 고무블렌드 비율에 관계없이 일정한 총결합고무량을 나타내었다. 고무의 미세구조중 비닐 및 스틸렌 함량이 낮을수록, 배합고무중 총결합고무량이 높을수록 가황속도는 빠르게 나타났으며, 고무보강성 지표인 모듈러스는 총결합고무량과 선형적인 관계를 나타냈다. 많은 PICO 손실량은 고무의 미세구조중 비닐 및 스틸렌 함량이 증가할 때 나타났으나, 적은 PICO 손실량은 실란이 커프링된 실리카를 함유한 용액중합 고무블렌드에서 부타디엔의 비율이 증가할 때 관측되었다. 용액중합 고무블렌드는 유화중합 고무블렌드에 비해 $0^{\circ}C$에서 높은 손실계수, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 낮은 손실계수를 나타내었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2019

The research and development of high-performance polymer materials with excellent gas barrier properties has gained considerable attention from the viewpoint of expanding their applications in various fields, including tire automobile parts and the polymer film industry. Natural rubber (NR) has been widely used as a rubber material in real-life, but its application is limited owing to its poor gas barrier properties. In this paper, we study the gas barrier properties of NR, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), and their blend compositions by using molecular simulation. The results show that ENR-50 has superior oxygen barrier properties than those of NR. Moreover, the oxygen barrier properties of a blend of NR/ENR-50 improve with increasing volume fraction of ENR-50. The trend of improved oxygen barrier properties of NR, ENR-50, and their blend is in good agreement with experimental observations.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2000

trans-octylene rubber(TOR)를 비상용성 블렌드인 NBR/EPDM(70/30)에 첨가하고, 이에 따른 혼합 특성 모폴로지 및 물성의 변화에 관하여 조사하였다. TOR이 첨가됨으로써 블렌드 시 혼합에너지가 감소하였고, 혼합 시 수반되는 온도상승도 저하됨을 볼 수 있었다. 블렌드의 모폴로지를 SEM으로 관찰한 결과, EPDM이 NBR 매트릭스에 분산된 형태인 것을 알았으며, TOR의 첨가에 의해 분산상인 EPDM상이 균일하고 미세해지는 것이 관찰되었다. TOR이 첨가됨으로써 NBR/EPDM의 인장강도, 파단신율 및 모듈러스 둥의 인장물성이 향상되었다. 오존저항성은 임계 응력-변형관계로부터 정량적으로 평가하였으며, TOR이 첨가된 블렌드에서 오존크랙을 일으키는 임계에너지값이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. TOR의 첨가로 인한 NBR/EPDM 블렌드의 물성 향상은 모폴로지의 미세화와 사슬얽힘으로 인한 가교밀도의 변화 때문인 것으로 판단된다.