• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2157-2169
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• 2023

In order to handle the problem that puncture patterns will change the position distribution of original information bits and frozen bits in polar codes, which affects performance of puncture polar codes further, a minimum row weight and polar spectrum based puncture polar codes construction algorithm (called PA-MRWP) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm calculates row weight of generator matrix and sorts the row weight in ascending order first. Next, the positions with the minimum row weight are selected as initial puncture positions. If the rows with the same row weight cannot all be punctured, polar spectrum based auxiliary puncture scheme is used. In sub-channels with the same row weight, rows corresponding to the polarized sub-channels with higher reliability are selected as puncture positions to construct puncture vector, and the reliability is calculated based on polar spectrum. It is actually a two-step selection strategy, the proposed minimum row weight puncture (MRWP) algorithm is used for primary selection and polar spectrum based auxiliary puncture is used for adjustment. Simulation results show that, compared with worst quality puncture (WQP) algorithm, the proposed PA-MRWP algorithm and Gaussian approximation-aided minimum row weight puncture (GA-MRWP) algorithm provide gains of about 0.46 dB and 0.29 dB at bit error rate (BER) of 10^-4, respectively when code length N=400, code rate R=1/2. In addition, the proposed puncture algorithms improve the BER performance significantly with respect to quasi-uniform puncture (QUP) algorithm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the microclimate of wheat canopy, growth and yield characteristics of wheat under north-south and east-west row orientation. The variety used in this experiment was "AG South 2000", which was developed in USA. Solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature were monitored by data logger from March to May in 2002, The ratio of light penetration to the bottom from the upper canopy was 36.8% in north-south and 21.4% in east-west row orientation. Temporal march of light penetration to the bottom from March to May decreased as wheat developed canopy structure and decreased a little from May as plant were matured. The highest light penetration to the bottom from upper canopy occurred at 13：00 in both north-south and east-west row orientations, respectively which were 36 times in north-south and 27 times in east-west row orientation, respectively. Daily maximum temperature at the bottom of canopy occurred at 14：00 with 29 times in north-south, while 19 times were obtained at 14：00 and 15：00, respectively in east-west row orientation. Relative humidity at the bottom of the canopy in east-west yow orientation showed higher than that of north-south row orientation. Occurrence of daily maximum soil temperature of north-south showed one hour later compared with east-west yow orientation. 1000 grain weight and test weight of north-south row orientation was higher than those of east-west vow orientation. Correlation coefficient between solar radiation of upper canopy and 1000 grain weight showed r=$0.8132^{*}$, and between air temperature of upper canopy and number of spikes per $\textrm{m}^{2}$ and 1000 grain weight showed significant positive correlation with r=$0.8139^{*}$, and r=$0.8293^{*}$, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1996

To obtain basic information for characteristics of naked barley cultivars, awn length and weight, kernel weight along spikelet positions of some cultivars bred in Korea were investigated. Awn length and weight of third to fifth spikelet, and kernel weight of second to fourth spikelet from spike tip were not different from each mean value for total of spike. From the spike base, awn of third to fourth spikelet was longest and heaviest, and kernel weight of fifth to sixth spikelet was heaviest. Value for awn length, awn weight, and kernel weight of lateral row florets was lower 13 to 26％, 26 to 41％, and 18 to 25％, respectively than one for those of central row floret. Difference for awn length and weight between central and lateral row in nami type cultivars compared to uzu type cultivars was small. In the ratio of weight/length of awn, awn of uzu type cultivars was thicker than that of nami type cultivars, and awn of central row was thicker than those of lateral rows. Kernel weight was linearly related to awn weight. When one spike was divided into three parts, awn length and weight of low part were not different from those of central part, but were longer and heavier than those of upper part. The order of kernel weight was central$\geq$low>upper part.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.335-338
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• 1992

A Cheju-leading mungbean cultivar Seonhwanogdu was seeded at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60cm row width with within-row plant spacing of 10cm in mid-June of 1988 to 1990 to determine effects of row width on growth and seed yield of mungbean in Cheju area. Initial flowering and maturing dates were not influenced by the row width. Stem length, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight linearly decreased as row width decreased because planting density increased. The relationship between seed yield and row width was quadratic, and the optimum row width with within-row plant spacing of 10cm for higher yield of mungbean was 40cm in Cheju.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 1969

Experiments on sweet sorghum(sorgo) with different population per unit area were conducted from 1966 to 1968 for the first time in Korea. By increasing plant population stalk weight, refinable sugar and seed weight per plot were increased, but stalk weight per plant, brix percentage, sugar content, stem diameter and 1, 000 seed weight were decreased. Plant height, maturity and lodging were not affected by the treatments. The result obtained has suggested that the effects of plant spacing within row on the characteristics of plant growth and on yields were greater than those of row width. Negative correlations existed between sugar content and sugar yield, and seed weight per plant and seed yield. The optimal plant population in this study ranged from 16, 700 to 22, 200 plants per 10a, row width of 60cm and plant spacing in row of 15 to 20cm resulted in the highest sugar and seed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the effects of alternating planting systems of soybean and tillering hybrid corn on yield of both crops. The planting systems included monocultures of both crops. 1 to 1 row ratio, 1 to 2 row ratio, 1 to 3 row ratio, 2 to 1 row ratio, 2 to 3 row ratio, 3 to 1 row ratio, 3 to 2 row ratio and 3 to 3 row ratio of soybean and corn. The results obtained are summarized as follows : The plant height of soybean was increased as the number of planting rows of corn increased. But the plant, height of soybean was quite stabilized when the ratio of soybean planting rows increased. When the plant height of soybean was increased due to the increased row number of corn, the branch number and diameter of soybean decreased and lodging ratio increased. Total fresh weight of soybean per 10a was decreased as the ratio of soybean planting decreased and it was increased when the ratio of soybean planting increased over monoculture of soybean. Dry weight of soybean per 10a showed the same tendency of the fresh weight. But the highest grain yield of soybean was obtained in the monoculture of soybean and it was 276 kg/10a. Comparatively high yield of soybean was obtained in the systems of 2 to 1 and 3 to 3 ratios. The plant height, number of tillers and number of ears per plant of tillering corn were greatly affected by the alternating planting of soybean and they were 208.9cm, 2.1 and 4 per plant, respectively. The fresh and dry weights and yield of corn per 10a showed significant differences among systems. The average fresh and dry weight of corn in the systems of 3 to 1 and 2 to 1 were 1000 kg and 100 kg higher than those of monoculture of corn. The kernel yields of corn per 10a were 438 kg in the monoculture system and 530 kg in the systems of 3 to 2 and 2 to 1. The total fresh weights of corn and soybean in systems of 3 to 1, 3 to 2 and 2 to 1 were higher than 5721 kg of soybean and 4358 kg of corn in the monoculture. Combined dry weight was high in the order of monoculture, 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 row ratios. Combined grain yield was high in the systems of 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 row ratios and it was over 430 kg per 10a.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.437-450
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• 2004

This study was conducted with two objectives ; one was to select the suitable soybean cultivars for cultivation in paddy field and the other was to establish the environment-friendly rotational cropping system of soybean instead of rice in paddy field. In order to evaluate growth adaptation and yields, Eve soybean cultivars were cultivated in Yeoncheon, Keonggi province, with two cultivation methods such as level row and high ridge. Growth of the top plants, such as stem length, number of branches, diameter of stem, were higher in high ridge than in level row, however, the differences among the cultivars were bigger than those between the cultivation methods. Dry weight of top plant was significantly different among the cultivars during whole growth stages, however, it was higher in level row than in high ridge at V5 stage while it became higher in high ridge as growth progressed. Roots were more developed in high ridge than in level row during whole growth stages. T/R ratio in level row was higher than that in high ridge. During whole growth stages, significant differences were observed among the cultivars in growth and yields in each cultivation method and yields of Eunhakong was the highest. In results, number of nodules and T/R ratio at V5 stage, number of pods at R2 stage, and number of seeds and T/R ratio at R5 stage had highly correlated with yields, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.2A
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• pp.116-123
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• 2002

The jacket matrix is based on the Walsh-Hadamard matrix and an extension of it. While elements of the Walsh-Hadamard matrix are +1, or -1, those of the Jacket matrix are ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}$$\omega$, which is $\omega$, which is ${\pm}$j and ${\pm}$2$\sub$n/. This matrix has weights in the center part of the matrix and its size is 1/4 of Hadamard matrix, and it has also two parts, sigh and weight. In this paper, instead of the conventional Jacket matrix where the weight is imposed by force, a simple Jacket sequence generation method is proposed. The Jacket sequence is generated by AND and Exclusive-OR operations between the binary indices bits of row and those of column. The weight is imposed on the element by when the product of each Exclusive-OR operations of significant upper two binary index bits of a row and column is 1. Each part of the Jacket matrix can be represented by jacket sequence using row and column binary index bits. Using Distributed Arithmetic (DA), we present a VLSI architecture of the Fast Jacket transform is presented. The Jacket matrix is able to be applied to cryptography, the information theory and complex spreading jacket QPSK modulation for WCDMA.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effect of row covering materials on the growth and yield of broccoli for early production in the open meld. Materials for plastic tunnel were row-covering (ventilating non-woven fabric), perforated film (2.3％ pore space) and P.E. film. The types of row covers were tunnel and covering period was one months after transplanting. The row cover and perforated film increased daily air and soil temperature by 3~4$^{\circ}C$ and 2~3$^{\circ}C$, respectively as compared to no covering. Also, relative humidities in those treatments were higher than those in P.E. and no covering. The row covering and perforated film enhanced plant growth. Broccoli grew best and abnormal head appeared the least with row covering treatment. Days taken for head formation, however, did not differ between treatments but the weight of curd was over 400 g in the treatment of row covering and perforated film covering. Marketable yield doubled under row covering as compared to no covering. The first harvest time was earlier by two weeks in row-covering. The results of this experiment indicated that covering row-cover film in spring cultivation was effective fer not only yield increase but also quality evaluation in early production of broccoli.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is cultivated worldwide and one of important vegetables in Korea where year-round production of radish is possible. Most of radishes in autumn are cultivated with double-row spacing except for Gangwon-do where sing-row spacing is predominant. However, no research has been conducted on double-row spacing in radish cultivation so far. This study was conducted to reveal the optimum double-row spacing in autumn cultivation of radish. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using top two popular autumn radish cultivars 'S' and 'C', seeds were sown in spacing between rows of $55{\times}25$, $45{\times}25$, $35{\times}25$ and $25{\times}25cm$, and that within rows of $35{\times}28$, $35{\times}25$, $35{\times}22$ and $35{\times}19cm$. Plants were harvested 58 days after sowing and leaf weight, length and number, and root weight, length sugar content and pithiness were investigated. In the spacing between rows, no significant difference was observed in leaf weight, length and number in both cultivars; however, 25 cm of spacing between rows significantly reduced the root length and weight in 'S' and 'C' cultivars, respectively. In spacing within rows, 28, 25 and 22 cm did not affect fresh root weight in both cultivars, producing appropriate radish roots of 1,500g on average. However, 19 cm of spacing within rows did not reduced fresh root weight in 'S' cultivar but did significantly in 'C' cultivar (1148.3 g). Sugar contents and pithiness of roots were also affected by spacing but its effect was very small and different between cultivars. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that optimum double-row spacing in autumn radish cultivation is 35 cm and 22 cm of spacing between and within rows, respectively, the spacing that did not reduce the yield and quality of radish roots in two popular autumn radish cultivars.