• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2014

A 34-year-old woman experienced a sudden cardiac arrest after complaining of abdominal pain. The cause of that serious event was a hidden hemorrhagic shock. On computed tomography of her pelvic area, we found that her left common iliac artery had been ruptured. No bone fractures were observed. Her angiography showed neither atherosclerosis nor an aneurysm of the artery. Because spontaneous ruptures of the common iliac artery are rare, we suspected, based on her husband's statement, that a hidden blunt trauma to the artery had occurred via an endo-vaginal route due to dildo masturbation. Unfortunately, she died without recovery, in spite of our having controlled the bleeding by using an angiographic endovascular stent-graft.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Rats and mice are commonly used in experimental laboratories and anesthetic drugs are important for researchers to understand the details. Administration of fluids helps to stabilize the experimental animals before anesthesia via intravenously through the lateral vein in rats and in case of difficulty in catheterization and maintenance, fluids are usually administered as boluses. Large volumes of cool fluids will rapidly lead to hypothermia and all parenteral fluids must be warmed to body temperature before administration. Premedication with a sedative may ease induction with volatile anesthetic drugs. The first choice for rodent anesthesia is complete inhalational anesthesia. The second option is using injectable anesthesia. Recovery from the volatile agents that have been used rapid when the agent is no longer administered. Anesthetic monitoring equipment is an infant-size bell sthethoscope that can be used to ausculate the heart and lungs. Supplemental heating should be provided to reduce the heat loss supply and maintain core body temperature. The kinds of drugs, characteristics, route of administration and care after surgery were reviewed and summarized from the references. Anesthetic drugs, maintenance, monitoring and aftercare are important in the laboratories to keep the animal safe in all experimental procedures.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) process, in the presence of denaturant in the refolding buffer was developed to refold recombinant human $interferon-\gamma$ ($rhIFN-\gamma$) at a high concentration. The $rhlFN-\gamma$ was overexpressed in E. coli resulting in the formation of inactive inclusion bodies (IBs). The IBs were first solubilized in 8 M urea as the denaturant, and then the refolding process performed by decreasing the urea concentration on the SEC column to suppress protein aggregation. The effects of the urea concentration, protein loading mode and column height during the refolding step were investigated. The combination of the buffer-exchange effect of SEC and a moderate urea concentration in the refolding buffer resulted in an efficient route for producing correctly folded $rhIFN-\gamma$, with protein recovery of $67.1\%$ and specific activity up to $1.2\times10^7\;IU/mg$.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

Recently, the number of disasters has been seriously increasing. The total damages by the natural or man-made disasters during the past years resulted in tremendous fatalities and recovery costs. It is necessary to have efficient emergency evacuation management which is concerned with identifying evacuation route, and the estimation of evacuation and clearance times. An emergency evacuation model is important in identifying critical locations, and developing various evacuation strategies. In that existing evacuation models have focused on route analysis for indoor evacuation, there are only a few models for areawide emergency evacuation analysis. Therefore, we developed a mesoscopic model by using Cube Avenue and performed evacuation simulation, targeting road network in City of Fargo, North Dakota. Consequently, a mesoscopic model developed in this study is used to carry out dynamic analysis using network and input variable of existing travel demand model. The results of this study show that the model is an appropriate tool for areawide emergency evacuation analysis to save time and cost. Henceforth, the results of this study can be applied to develop a disaster evacuation model which can be used for a variety of disaster simulation and evaluation based on scenarios in the local metropolitan area.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2002

Cells infected With equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) Produced both infectious and non-infectious Virus-related particles. Compared to the whole virion, non-infectious particles termed L-particles were deter-mined to lack 150 kDa protein, commonly known as nucleocapsid protein. The potential of L-particles to induce immune responses was studied in mice and foals. Intranasal immunization with L-particles or whole virions induced poor IgG antibody responses in mice. Interestingly, despite the poor antibody response, the conferred immunity protected the host from challenge infections. This was indicated by a significant reduction in virus titers in line with recovery towards normal body weight. Subsequently, the test on the usefulness of L-particles as immunizing agents was extended to foals. Immunization of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) foals resulted in similar results. As determined by a complement-fixing-antibody test (CFT), foals seroconverted when they were immunized either with inactivated L-particles or whole virions via intramuscular (i.m.) injections. The presence of the antibody correlated with the degree of protection. Beyond day 1 post challenge infection (p.i.), there was no virus shedding in the nasal mucus of foals immunized with whole EHV-1 virions. Virus shedding was observed in foals Immunized with L-particles but limited to days 6 to 8 p.i. only. In contrast, extended vim shedding was observed in non-immunized foals and it was well beyond day 14 p.i. Viremia was not detected for more than four days except in non-immunized foals. Immunization in mice via intranasal (i.n.) conferred good protection. However, compared to the i.n. route, a greater degree of protection was obtained in foals following immunization via i.m. route. Despite variation in the degree of protection due to different routes of immunization in the two animal species, our results have established significant evidence that immunization with L-particles confers protection in the natural host. It is suggested that non-infectious L-particles should be used as immunizing agents for vaccination of horses against EHV-1 infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 1993

To study effective dossage and administration route for scaling, ketamine HCl/propionyl promazine HCl(ketamine) combination and tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl(zoletil) were administered in one hundred six dogs. The dogs were toy poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese and Chihuahua. Scaling and polishing time, possible treatment time after the first injection of anesthetics, the number of anethesia added, presence of tongue movement during anesthesia, the presence of swaying sign during recovery and respiration were evaluated. The possible treatment time after the first Injection of anesthetic in toy poodle were 26.3${\pm}$3.0 minutes with intravenous(IM) treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg, and 21.4${\pm}$6.6 minutes with intramuscula(IM) treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg, In Yorkshire Terrier were 19.51: 1.7 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg. 19.0${\pm}$5.2 minutes IM and 20.8${\pm}$6.1 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg,24.8${\pm}$3,5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In pekingese were 27.5${\pm}$2.1 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg,28.0${\pm}$4.2 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In Chihuahua were 19.5${\pm}$1.9 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 7mg/kg, 17.5${\pm}$1.7 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg and 20.3${\pm}$3.8 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg, 21.2${\pm}$5.5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. Swaying sign was observed in all group during recovery time, espically, in toy poodle and Yorkshire Terrier which administered zoletil 8mg/kg IM showed more severe swaying sign. The present results suggested that injection of zoletil 8mg/kg IM might be relatively effective for scaling in Chihuahua Within 20 minutes treatment for scaling in Yorkshire Terrier and Chihuahua, IM treatment of ketamine 7 to 10mg/kg is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of urea, a new potential diagnosis reagent of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: Considering the mechanism of urea breath test, we determined the excretion of urea in expired air after its oral administration in rats and beagle dogs at the dose of 2 mg/kg (including 50 mCi/mmol $^{14}C$-urea 50 ${\mu}Ci/kg$ for rats and 13.5 ${\mu}Ci/kg$ for dogs). Results: Urea was rapidly disappeared from the blood circulation by 1 hr after its i.v. bolus injection, followed by a slow disappearance by 24 hr. The half-lives at the distributive phase ($t_{1/2{\alpha}}$) and post-distributive phase ($t_{1/2{\beta}}$) were 2 min and 6 hr, respectively. The bioavailability of urea was 64.3% after its oral administration. The values of the volume of distribution ($V_{dss}$) and the total body clearance ($CL_t$) after the oral administration were compatible with those after i.v. administration. The recovery of urea in the bile was about 0.1% of the dose by 24 hr after its oral administration. Urea was extensively eliminated in the urine by 48 hr. The recovery ratios of urea in the urine and expired air were about 86.8% and 2.99% of the dose by 48 hr, respectively. Moreover, urea was mostly distributed from the blood circulation to the kidney, followed by being eliminated in the urine without metabolism. The concentration of urea in the kidney was 4.0 times higher than that of plasma at 40 min after its oral administration. Conclusions: These findings indicated that oral route appears to be available for the administration of urea. Orally administered urea, thus, was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2007

This study compared the recovery rate of intrajugular-administered allantoin in the urine and saliva between swamp buffaloes and zebu cattle to examine whether it could explain the lower excretion rate of urinary purine derivatives (PD) in the buffaloes. Three male swamp buffalo yearlings, with an average body weight of $349{\pm}40.35$ kg, and three Thai native cattle ($154{\pm}3.26$ kg) of similar age and sex were used in the study. Animals were kept in individual pens and fed at a maintenance energy level with a diet containing 65% monk bean husk (Vigna radiata) as roughage and 35% concentrates. Allantoin solution was infused into the jugular vein in four incremental rates equivalent to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/d and urine was collected daily in acidified form. Daily PD excretion was linearly correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species. The relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol/d) and intrajugular allantoin infused (X, mmol/d) was $Y=0.75{\pm}0.318X+22.45{\pm}2.98$ ($r^2$ = 0.36, n = 12, MSE = 38.02, CV = 21.9, p<0.01) for swamp buffaloes and $Y=0.96{\pm}0.10X+15.93{\pm}0.92$ ($r^2$ = 0.91, n = 12, MSE = 3.60, CV = 8.27, p<0.01) for zebu cattle. The salivary PD concentration was not correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species, with values for buffaloes numerically lower than those for cattle. The present study reconfirmed previous studies that buffaloes have a lower plasma PD excretion rate via the renal route and a significant proportion (22%) of the plasma PD loss is via the saliva. However, results of our present and previous studies suggest that differences in purine base (PB) metabolism between buffaloes and zebu cattle occur before the purine compounds reach the plasma pool.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1529-1538
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• 2013

Disasters like mountain landslides and collapse in cutting areas claim many a life and cause economic losses, involving much effort and expenses for their recovery. This study has surveyed and analyzed incident of disasters that had occurred on the sloping sides in Korea for the past 13 years in an effort to relieve damage caused by disasters on the sloping sides. The analysis confirms that while the major cause of disasters on the sloping side was storms in the past, frequency of disasters on sloping sides caused by local downpour is steadily on the rise. In addition, while disasters were concentrated in Gangwon Province, a mountainous region of the country, frequency of disasters occurring on the sloping sides is steadily increasing recently on the sloping sides in downtown areas in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and so forth, attributing a large percentage of disasters to sloping sides. Data surveyed and analyzed in this study are thought to be applicable as basic data for the establishment of effective measures for the prevention of disasters occurring on the sloping sides in the days to come.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1993

Hematotoxicity and vascular irritation of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, were investigated in mice and rabbits. In hematotoxicity study, healthy male ICR mice were treated with DA-125 by a single intravenous injection at doses of 18 and 24 mg/kg. After 4, 8, 12 and 16 days WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and platelet counts were measured respectively. As a positive control, 12 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DXR) was used in the same manner. Remakable reductions of WBC counts in groups treated with DA-125 or DXR were observed 4 days after administration and returned to normal range 8 days after injection in groups of DA-125 18 mg/kg and DXR 12 mg/kg. The recovery of leukopenia induced in a group of DA-125 24 mg/kg took about 16 days after administration. The RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values also decreased in all drug treated groups on day 8 and recovered thereafter. The platelet counts of groups treated with DA-125 or DXR decreased on day 4 and recovered from day 8 of experiment. Local vascular irritation of DA-125 was also assessed in rabbits. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Thrombophlebitis was not induced even after daily intravenous administration of 0.4% solution of DA-125 or 0.2% solution of DXR for 7 days. 2. Macro- and microscopic observations revealed that the irritative activity of 0.4% solution of DA-125 in blood vessels was not so much different from that of saline when they were injected once a day into vein retroauricularis of rabbits for 7 days. 3. Mild inflammatory reaction was noted around vessels in rabbits treated with 0.2% solution of DXR after consecutive intravenous infusion for more than 5 days. 4. The potencies of vascular irritation of the test solutions were summarized in the following order; saline = 0.4% DA-125<0.2% DXR. These results indicated that DA-125 showed similar pattern of hematotoxicity with DXR but was less hematotoxic than DXR, and that 0.4% solution of DA-125 did not elicit unusual toxic properties when injected through intravenous route for clinical practice.