• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 토양 표면의 레이더 후방 산란 계수와 표면 거칠기의 관계를 계산해 보고, 측정 길이에 따른 표면 거칠기 변화를 알아본 후에, 측정 길이에 따른 표면 거칠기와 레이더 후방 산란 계수의 관계를 보여준다. 이 연구 결과에 따르면, 측정 길이가 짧아져서 표면 거칠기 값의 변화가 심하다하더라도 계산된 레이더 후방 산란 계수에는 적은 영향밖에 주지 않는다는 것을 보여준다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.349-381
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• 2009

Since 1998, several institutions have deployed mobile instrumented towers to collect research-grade meteorological data from landfalling tropical cyclones. This study examines the wind flow characteristics from seven landfalling tropical cyclones using data collected from eight individual mobile tower deployments which occurred from 1998-2005. Gust factor, turbulence intensity, and integral scale statistics are inspected relative to changing surface roughness, mean wind speed and storm-relative position. Radar data, acquired from the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network, are examined to explore potential relationships with respect to radar reflectivity and precipitation structure (convective versus stratiform). The results indicate tropical cyclone wind flow characteristics are strongly influenced by the surrounding surface roughness (i.e., exposure) at each observation site, but some secondary storm dependencies are also documented.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.108-113
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• 1997

In this paper, the optimum condition of (110) Si etching with the potassium hydroxide(KOH) etchant is presented. Although several researches on (110) Si anisotropic etching have been studied, there has been lack of effects of mask quality and etching conditions on the selectivity and the roughness o the etched surface. Three kinds of masks (film, emulsion and E-beam mask) were used in order to verify the effect of etching properties. Anisotropic bulk etching depends on the crystalline orientation and the concentration and temperature of the etchant. In order to investigate the effect of etching conditions on selectivity and the roughness of the etched surface, the concentration of the etchant was varied from 35 to 45 per cent in weight with increments by 5 per cent and the temperature was changed from 70 to 90$^{\circ}C$ with increments by 10$^{\circ}C$. The combination of the temperature of 70$^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of 40wt.% was found to be the optimum etching condition for high selectivity. Etched surfaces show minimum surfaces show minimum surface roughness at a temperature of 80$^{\circ}C$ and a concentation of 40wt.%. Comb structures with various comb widths were fabricated and the lengths of the combs wree measured with several etching time durations. A micro comb structure 525$\mu\textrm{m}$ high was fabricated for MEMS application.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2005

Barton and Choubey(1977)가 제안한 표준 거 칠기 단면을 0.1mm 간격으로 수치화한 후 수정 분할자법을 이용하여 분할자 길이에 따른 단면의 길이를 측정하였다. 분할자 길이에 따른 단면의 길이를 log-log 그래프에 도시 한 후 직선회기 분석 을 통하여 표준 거 칠기 단면의 프랙탈 차원과 절편을 구하고, JRC와의 관계를 분석하였다. 정확한 프랙탈 차원을 계산할 수 있는 분할자의 길이 범위인 교차거리는 $0.3\sim2.4mm$ 내외이며, JRC는 프랙탈 차원보다는 절편과 더 높은 상관도를 보였다. 그러나 프랙탈 차원과 절편을 곱하였을 때 가장 좋은 상관도를 보였으며, 위의 결과를 이용하여 프랙탈 차원과 절편을 이 용한 새로운 IRC 추정식 을 도출하였다. 23개의 자연 암석 절리의 단면을 수치화하여 $Z_2$ 파라미터를 이용한 Tse and Cruden (1979) 식과 새로운 JRC 관계식으로 각 단면의 JRC를 계산하고 이를 비교하였다. 비교 결과 두 관계식으로 추정된 JRC는 매우 유사하여, 본 연구에 서 도출된 새로운 관계식은 IRC를 추정하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2001

낙동강의 화원-교령교-현풍 수위관측소 구간에 대하여 수리학적 하도추적을 통하여 조도계수를 추정하였다. 세 관측소의 연속 수위자료와 하천 종횡단 측량자료만이 이에 사용되었다. 하도추적에 의해 계산된 유량자료로부터 수위-유량 관계식을 작성하였으며 이는 기존의 수위-유량 관계식보다 나은 결과를 보였다. 수위측정 오차가 유량계산에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였으며, 측방유입류를 억제할 수 있도록 하도길이를 제한하는 방법도 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2017

급격한 산업화 및 도시화로 인해 불투수 지역이 증가됨에 따라 유출량 또한 증가되어 도시지역에 침수를 발생시켜 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 관 조도계수의 개선이 유출 및 월류에 미치는 효과를 강우-유출 모의를 통하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 총 관로 연장 대비 조도계수 개선 비율에 따른 효과, 관경별 조도계수 개선 적용 효과, 주요 관거 중심의 조도계수 개선 효과 등 3가지 시나리오로 구분하여 모의하였으며, 도시지역에서의 강우-유출 해석 모의에 많이 사용되는 SWMM모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 관로연장이 길고, 관경이 큰 주요 간선을 우선적으로 개선하는 것이 월류저감에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 간선 관거의 특성상 관의 크기 및 길이가 길기 때문에 유출구로 유출되기까지의 유속을 증가시켜 관의 통수능 확보 및 월류저감에 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는 관거 교체의 우선순위 선정에 참고가 될 것으로 판단된다. 향후 조도계수 개선을 위한 경제성을 고려한 최적화 분석이 이루어진다면 최적의 홍수재해저감에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2018

We investigated the interfacial properties of fluorocarbon self-assembled monolayers (FC-SAMs) with different alkyl chain lengths. It was found that the substrate characteristics were changed rapidly with the fabrication time and temperature of the SAM. FC-3SAM, which has the shortest alkyl chain in this study, showed a contact angle of $54.1^{\circ}$ when it was fabricated in an electric oven at $60^{\circ}C$ for the first minute. The FC-3SAM showed a contact angle of up to $76.9^{\circ}$ when it was fabricated in an electric oven at the same temperature condition for 180 minutes. FC-10SAM, which has the longest alkyl chain in this study, showed a contact angle of $64.7^{\circ}$ when it was fabricated at a temperature condition of $60^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, and a contact angle of $98.7^{\circ}C$ at a temperature condition of $60^{\circ}C$ for 180 minutes. It was found that the FC-10SAM shows an increased contact angle and hydrophobic properties due to a well-aligned molecular structure resulting from a strong van der Waals force. In contrast, the FC-3SAM shows a small contact angle due to the intermolecular disorder resulting from a weak van der Waals force. The average roughness of FC-SAMs was investigated using AFM. The surface roughness of FC-SAMs, which verifies the results of contact angle, was confirmed. At a fabrication time of 120 minutes, the FC-10SAM showed an improvement in average roughness by 62% compared to that of FC-3SAM due to its good alignment.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.64-74
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze hydraulic characteristics of surface irrigation in a paddy field of direct seeding culture. Field experiment was performed in the paddy field of ridge direct dry seeding. Simulation by a numerical model was also accomplished with the data obtained from the field experiment. The model was developed by one dimensional zero-inertia equation and finite difference method. From the result of the field observation, the furrows of the experimental field were found to have various geometric characteristics. Advance distance and time were measured both in the field and by the model simulation for various furrow lengths and irrigation discharges. Roughness coefficients of each furrow were also estimated by the model.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2006

Microlens arrays were fabricated by a modified LIGA process composed of the exposure of a PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) sheet to deep x-rays and subsequent thermal treatment. A successful modeling and analyses for microlens formation were presented according to the experimental procedure. A nickel mold insert was fabricated by the nickel electroforming process on the PMMA microlens arrays fabricated by the modified LIGA process. For the replication of microlens arrays having various diameters with different foci on the same substrate, both hot embossing and microinjection molding processes have been successfully utilized with the fabricated mold insert. Replicated microlenses showed very good surface roughness with the order of 1 nm. The focal lengths of the injection molded microlenses were successfully estimated theoretically and also measured experimentally.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.37-37
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• 2010

In these days $SF_6$ mixtures and alternative gas has been studied because of global warming. so although many studies have been carried out about binary gas mixtures with $SF_6$, few studies were presented about breakdown characteristics of $SF_6/N_2$ mixtures. In this paper, breakdown experiment values and breakdown simulation value are compared. Streamer theory was used for predicting breakdown voltage. For accurate simulation, this simulation apply utilization factor using CST program. AC breakdown experiments in non-uniform field was performed to compare with the breakdown simulation values. But with gap lengths increasing, the breakdown voltage is saturated. So simulation need surface roughness factor.