• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.785-794
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• 1998

We have made a survey of 40 patients in the university hospitals and oriental medical centers in Seoul from Sep. 1, 1997 to Mar. 1, 1998. We sampled 25 of them and the result shows that there were 12 MCA damaged patients(48%), 5 SAH(20%), 5 ACA(20%), 2 PCA (8%), 1 PCOA(4%). The number of MCA patients were the most. 1. As the cause of each disease, 4 of the 12 MCA damaged patients(33.35%) have infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, 2 of 5 SAH patients(40%) have cerebral hemorrhage and head injury, 3 ACA damaged patients have cerebral hemorrhage. 11 of 25 brain bloodvessel damaged patients(44%) were hemorrhage patients. 2. Rt. hemiparesis was the main symptom of 6 of 12 MCA damaged patients(50%) and 3 of 5 SAH patients(60%), and the main symptom of 3 of 5 ACA patients(60%) was Lt. hemiparesis. The main symptom of 13 of 25 brain bloodvessel damaged patients(52%) was Lt. hemiparesis 11 of them(44%) Rt. hemiparesis, and 1 of them(8.3%) Quadriplegia. 3. Language was the most well preserved function. 12 MCA damaged patients could understand language. 4. Retraction of shoulder girdle, among VIE flexor synergy, was the most frequent element because 9 of 12 MCA damaged patients had it. Among VIE flexor synergy, 5 SAH patient's most frequent synergy was Elbow flexion because all of them had it. All of 5 ACA damaged patients have shoulder girdle elevation, shoulder joint, hyperextension, abduction, and external rotation among VIE flexor synergy. 5. 7 of 12 MCA damaged patients(58.3%) were stereognosis handicapped patients, 3 of 5 SAH patients(60%) have handicap of position sense, light touch, and temperature, 3 of 5 ACA patients(60%) have position handicap. 13 of brain bloodvessel damaged patients(52%) have light touch handicap. 6. 8 of MCA damaged patients(66.7%) have facial palsy, 4 of SAH damaged patients(80%) have memory and action decline, and 3 of ACA damaged patients(60%) have action decline and facial palsy. The problem of Hemiplegia is very extensive from muscle weakness, atrophy, or deformation to psychical problems. Therefore physical therapists should have sufficient interest in psychological handicap as well as physical handicap as they deal with adult hemiplegia.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

Purpose: Phytosanitary irradiation treatment can effectively control regulated pests while maintaining produce quality. The objective of this study was to establish the best irradiation treatment for mangosteen, a popular tropical fruit, using a Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: Magnetic resonance image (MRI) data were used to generate a 3-D geometry to simulate dose distributions in a mangosteen using a radiation transport code (MCNP5). Microsoft Excel with visual basic application (VBA) was used to divide the image data into seed, flesh, and rind. Radiation energies used for the simulation were 10 MeV (high-energy) and 1.35 MeV (low-energy) for the electron beam, 5 MeV for X-rays, and 1.25 MeV for gamma rays from Co-60. Results: At 5 MeV X-rays and 1.25 MeV gamma rays, all areas (seeds, flesh, and rind) were irradiated ranging from 0.3 ~ 0.7 kGy. The average doses decreased as the number of fruit increased. For a 10 MeV electron beam, the dose distribution was biased: the dose for the rind where the electrons entered was $0.45{\pm}0.03$ kGy and the other side was $0.24 {\pm}0.10$ kGy. Use of an electron kinetic energy absorber improved the dose distribution in mangosteens. For the 1.35 MeV electron beam, the dose was shown only in the rind on the irradiated side; no significant dose was found in the flesh or seeds. One rotation of the fruit while in front of the beam improved the dose distribution around the entire rind. Conclusion: These results are invaluable for determining the ideal irradiation conditions for phytosanitary irradiation treatment of tropical fruit.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1195-1200
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• 2007

Torque of a rotating shaft has been mostly measured by strain gages combined with either a slip ring or telemetry. However, these methods have severe inherent problems like low S/N ratio, high cost, limited number of channels and difficult installation. In this paper, a new method using FBG(fiber bragg grating) sensors and a rotary optical coupler for online non-contact torque monitoring is suggested. FBG sensor can measure both strain and temperature, and has much batter characteristics than those of a strain gage. A rotary optical coupler is a optical connecting device between a rotating shaft and stationary side without any physical contact. It has been devised for transmitting light between a rotating optical fiber and a stationary optical fiber. The proposed method uses this rotary optical coupler to connect FBG sensors on the rotating shaft to instruments at stationary side. And a reference FBG sensor is also applied to compensate the insertion loss change of the rotary optical coupler due to rotation. Three FBG sensors have been fabricated in a single optical fiber. Two FBG sensors are attached on the shaft surface to measure torque and one sensor is installed at the shaft center to compensate the insertion loss change. The torque of a rotating shaft has been successfully measured by the suggested method proving its superior performance potential.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.399-411
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• 2007

Korean organic farming has been well developed over the last two decades. It demonstrates that the number of certificated farm for organic agriculture and products have been drastically increased in recent year. However, the organic farmers have thought that organic farming rely only on organic fertilizer and they don't keep organic farming principle in which organic farmer should enhance biological activity and crop rotation. This study was to compare nutrient input, recommendation, cropping system and organic product circulation between the early $20^{th}$ century and beginning of the $21^{st}$ century. The population of Korea has increased 7.3 times more than that of a century ago but cultivated land has been decreased during 100 years. The rice production in 2002 was 4.2 times higher than that of production in 1912. The input of N, P and K in 1907 on the basis of King's suggestion was 95.6kg/ha, 15.9kg/ha and 3.0kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen came from excreta (40%), green manure (55%) and compost (5%) in the early 20th century. On the other hand, organic farmer input organic resources such as wood chip (30.1%), compost (27.8%), rice straw (14%) and others (25%) these days. In terms of nutrient balance calculated nutrient and absorption by plants, organic rice farmer apply excessive nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil. They was used to put $7{\sim}10$ times more nitrogen than that of a century ago. Nutrient recommendation was similar in N and P between early 20th century and early $21^{st}$ century. Farmers in both century did not rotate crops in the field. Today, organic farmers engaged in more continuous cultivation than in early 20th century. Farmers in the early $20^{th}$ century produced locally, consumed locally the agricultural products, but organic farmers in the $21^{st}$ century produce the organic product in the local farmland and consumed in the large city and also a lot of foreign organic products have been imported in recent year.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2006

본 연구는 IKONOS 위성영상의 메타자료와 지상기준점으로부터 라인변화에 따른 외부표정요소의 최적 다항식 모델을 결정하였다. 외부표정요소의 위치요소는 일차다항식, 회전요소는 상수항을 최적 다항식으로 결정하였다. 그리고 결정된 외부표정요소의 위치결정 정확도는 기존의 검증된 방법 즉, 최소제곱법에 의한 RPC 편의보정 방법과 비교하였다, 그 결과, 두 방법에 의한 정확도는 거의 차이가 없었다. 결정된 외부표정요소로부터 정합선을 수립한 후, 수치표고모델을 작성하여, RPC 편의보정 방법이 적용된 ERDAS IMAGINE에 의한 DEM과 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과로써, 제안방법과 ERDAS IMAGINE으로 작성한 수치표고모델의 높이차이는 허용 표준편차 범위 내에 존재하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작한 수치표고모델은 기존의 검증된 방법과 유사한 결과 정확도를 나타냈다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.803-808
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• 2006

This paper was a study about noise reduction through flow stabilization in duel using experimental method and numerical analysis at the same time. To determine the fan's type three kinds of fans(axial fan, centrifugal fan, and axial fan with centrifugal type) was examined to investigate the suitability for duct. As a result, under the equal number of rotation 2000 RPM, performance of an axial fan with centrifugal type was the most superior by 55dBA at 4.3CMM among other fans. After this, analyzed the results of the numerical analysis to find out the optimum design of pitch angle such as $0^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}$. The intensity of turbulence was low when pitch angle was $15^{\circ}$ and air volume became peak by 5.08 CMM. It was observed that axis component of velocity increased gradually when pitch angle increased from $0^{\circ}\;to\;20^{\circ}$. Finally, designed the shapes of D/S(Down Stream) in duct that agreed inlet angle($\delta$) of stationary blades with pitch angle($\beta$) of axial fan with centrifugal type and derived flow to duct medial, and changed the shape of motor-mount to reduce occurance of unstable vortex in tip of impeller, and embodied noise reduction and improvement of air flow rate through flow stabilization.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

반복법을 사용한 영상재구성은 기존의 여과역투사 방법에 비해 윌등한 장점을 가지고 있으므로 방출 전산화단층촬영에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 그러나, 반복법을 사용한 영상재구성법은 데이터의 투사 및 역투사 계산의 반복으로 이루어져 있으므로 한 영상을 재구성하는데 필요한 계산량은 알고리즘의 구현을 위해 사용된 투사기 및 역투사기의 성능에 크게 좌우된다. 본 연구에서는 투사기 및 역투사기를 구현하기 위한 대표적 방법들의 성능을 정량적으로 비교한다. 각 구현방법에 있어서 투사-역투사 계산에 필요한 연산량을 줄이기 위해 이전에 계산된 결과들을 재사용함으로써 불필요하게 반복되는 연산들을 최소화하도록 하는 방법에 고찰한다. 실험결과에 의하면 선추적법은 연산속도 면에서 다른 방법에 비해 우수할 뿐 아니라, 정확성이 높은 개선된 영상을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of storytelling skill on science learning motivation and space perception ability. For this study the 5 grade, 2 class was divided into a research group and a comparative group. The class was pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. The research group had the science class with storytelling skill, and the comparative group had the class with teacher centered lectures for 10 classes in 10 weeks. The storytelling skill was focused on finding stories, constellation searching, story deciding, story hero deciding, story composition, storytelling completion. To prove the effects of this study, science learning motivation was split up according to attention power, relation, confidence, and sense of satisfaction. Also, space perception ability consisted of two-dimensional rotation, 3 dimension rotations, reflection, three-dimensional searching, number of block, and figure type in pattern. The results of this study are as follows. First, using storytelling skill was effective in science learning motivation. Second, using storytelling skill was effective in space perception ability. Also, after using storytelling skill was good reaction by students. As a result, the elementary science class with storytelling skill had the effects of developing science learning motivation and space perception ability. it means the science class with storytelling skill has potential possibilities and value to develop science learning motivation and space perception ability.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2007

순차 회전 배열 안테나에서, 순차 배열 정수(배열소자 수, 회전정수)의 변화에 따른 안테나 이득, 축비 및 교차편파 특성을 각각 비교 분석하였다. 여기서 안테나 기본소자로는 중심주파수 11.85GHz인 좌원편파(LHCP), 프로브급전 트렁케이티드 마이크로스트립 안테나를 사용하였다. M=2, 3, 4, 6, 8인 경우에 대하여 P값을 $1{\sim}M$으로 변화시킨 순차 회전 배열 안테나 총 23개에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 축비 대역폭은 배열소자 수 M에 상관없이 P=2인 경우가 가장 넓으며, 이득은 순차배열 정수(M, P)가 (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (6, 3), (8, 1)일 때 가장 크게 나타나고 있다. 특히 M=P인 경우 모든 안테나 특성이 나빠진다. 따라서 순차 회전 배열 안테나를 설계할 때, 많은 시뮬레이션 데이터들 중에서 최적의 순차배열 정수를 찾아 다음 설계하여야 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2018

In the last decades, valuable results have been reported regarding conventional passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid structural control systems on two-dimensional and a few three-dimensional shear buildings. In this research, using a three-dimensional finite element model of high-rise concrete structures, designed by performance based plastic design method, it was attempted to construct a relatively close to reality model of concrete structures equipped with Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) by considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), torsion effect, hysteresis behavior and cracking effect of concrete. In contrast to previous studies which have focused mainly on linearly designed structures, in this study, using performance-based plastic design (PBPD) design approach, nonlinear behavior of the structures was considered from the beginning of the design stage. Inelastic time history analysis on a detailed model of twenty-story concrete structure was performed under a far-field ground motion record set. The seismic responses of the structure by considering SSI effect are studied by eight main objective functions that are related to the performance of the structure, containing: lateral displacement, acceleration, inter-story drift, plastic energy dissipation, shear force, number of plastic hinges, local plastic energy and rotation of plastic hinges. The tuning problem of TMD based on tuned mass spectra is set by considering five of the eight previously described functions. Results reveal that the structural damage distribution range is retracted and inter-story drift distribution in height of the structure is more uniform. It is strongly suggested to consider the effect of SSI in structural design and analysis.