• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Comparing to general scanning data, the 3D digital map for large construction sites and complex buildings consists of millions of points. The large construction site needs to be scanned multiple times by drone photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) survey. The scanned point cloud data are required to be registrated with high resolution and high point density. Unlike the registration of 2D data, the matrix of translation and rotation are used for registration of 3D point cloud data. Archiving high accuracy with 3D point cloud data is not easy due to 3D Cartesian coordinate system. Therefore, in this study, iterative closest point (ICP) registration method for improve accuracy of 3D digital map was employed by different overlap ratio on 3D digital maps. This study conducted the accuracy test using different overlap ratios of two digital maps from 10% to 100%. The results of the accuracy test presented the optimal overlap ratios for an ICP registration method on digital maps.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.469-492
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• 2021

This study aims to find an optimal method for the mobile map application to provide directions by analyzing users' behavior in wayfinding and the information referenced in the direction-finding tasks. The mobile application provided information such as 'the name of the store on the first floor,' 'current location and directions to proceed if there are multi-branching roads,' and 'alleyways.' In the visual representation of information, the application should pay attention to 'landmark elements such as subway station exits and bus stops,' 'the color of crosswalks and overpasses,' 'division between sidewalks and driveways,' and 'entry to the subway stations.' For the mobile map application to provide intuitive interaction, it is necessary to specify 'the direction toward the destination,' 'the possible rotation of the map screen,' and 'the big roads' preference guidance.'

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.160-169
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• 2013

Two-stage turbocharging is an important way to raise engine power density, to realize energy saving and emission reducing. At present, turbine matching of two-stage turbocharger is based on MAP of turbine. The matching method does not take the effect of turbines' interaction into consideration, assuming that flow at high pressure turbine outlet and low pressure turbine inlet is uniform. Actually, there is swirl flow at outlet of high pressure turbine, and the swirl flow will influence performance of low pressure turbine which influencing performance of engine further. Three-dimension models of turbines with two-stage turbocharger were built in this paper. Based on the turbine models, mechanism of swirl flow at high pressure turbine outlet influencing low pressure turbine performance was studied and a two-stage radial counter-rotation turbine system was raised. Mechanisms of the influence of counter-rotation turbine system acting on low-pressure turbine were studied using simulation method. The research result proved that in condition of small turbine flow rate corresponding to engine low-speed working condition, counter-rotation turbine system can effectively decrease the influence of swirl flow at high pressure turbine outlet imposing on low pressure turbine and increases efficiency of the low-pressure turbine, furthermore increases the low-speed performance of the engine.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.303-312
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to analyze the lower part of dress forms with different sectional rotation-angles ($e.g.\;9^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$) using three-dimensional measurement system and to investigate measurement properties for dress making. The dress forms used in this experiment were size 8 and six types: four from Korea and two from Japan. The instrument and tools for three-dimensional measurement was Whole Body 3D scanner (Exyma-WBS2H). The analysis program used in this experiment was Rapid Form 2004 PP1 (INUS technology, Inc, Korea). The measurement of dress forms was done three times with different sectional rotation-angles and its data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0 Package. The following results were obtained: 1. With mean and standard deviation of each measured part, it was found out that the dress forms from two countries were different in size per each part. For example, the Japanese one was relatively large in middle hip and hip, compared to the Korean one. 2. The 3D analysis of the sectional rotation-angles revealed some differences between the two dress forms in sectional length per each part. 3. With cluster analysis results, it was found that there were definite differences among measurements per each part, especially in $30^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ sections. 4. The proportion of the dress forms showed significant differences in the curvature between center and side section of the lower parts. In addition, the shapes on the horizontal section map of the four levels (waist, middle hip, hip, and bottom) were analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.106-109
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• 2006

Over the years, many researches have been performed to create 3D digital maps. Nevertheless, it is still time-consuming and involves a high cost because a large part of 3D digital mapping is conducted manually. To compensate this limitation, we propose methodologies to represent 3D objects as 3D symbols and locate these symbols into a base map automatically. First of all, we constructed the 3D symbol library to represent 3D objects as 3D symbols. In the 3D symbol library, the attribute and geometry information are stored, which defines factors related to the types of symbols and related to the shapes respectively. These factors were used to match 3D objects and 3D symbols. For automatic mapping of 3D symbols into a base map, we used predefined parameters such as the size, the height, the rotation angle and the center of gravity of 3D objects which are extracted from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data and 2D digital maps. Finally, the 3D map in urban area was constructed and the mapping results were tested using aerial photos as reference data. Through this research, we can identify that the developed the algorithms can be used as effective techniques for 3D digital cartographic techniques

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.235-238
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• 2000

Current diesel engines are usually equipped with turbochargers for improving fuel economy as well as meeting more stringent emission regulations. These turbochargers usually cause noise problems because they spins vey high such as 100,000 to 200,000 rpm, These noises are largely divided into whistle and whine noises. The frequency of whistle noise corresponds to their rotation speed, and the frequency of whine noise does to the multiplication of their rotation speed and the number of compressor blades. Turbocharger manufacturers developed a special type of compressor, effectively compressing air sucked from a duct; Recirculation Compressor Cover (RCC) or Map Width Enhancement (MWE). This special structure improves turbocharger's capability by expanding compressor's working area, but it seriously causes a noise problem, whine noise. There were many trials to surpress the noise occurred inside a compressor such as modification of a compressor, noise baffles or secondary measurements. However, it was currently concluded that the whine noise caused by the special compressor can not be reduced to that done by a standard compressor, and the strength difference of whine noises between the two compressors is not negligible. Thus, the standard compressor is decided to be applied to a newly developing heavy-duty diesel engine in order to resolve the turbocharger noise problem with a stiffened suction duct directly connected to a compressor.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2013

Purpose: Latest linear accelerator and the introduction of new measurement equipment to the agency that the introduction of this equipment in the future, by analyzing the process of confirming the usefulness of the preparation process for applying it in the clinical causes some problems, should be helpful. Materials and Methods: All measurements TrueBEAM STX (Varian, USA) was used, and a file specific to each energy, irradiation conditions, the dose distribution was calculated using a computerized treatment planning equipment (Eclipse ver 10.0.39, Varian, USA). Measuring performance and cause errors in MapCHECK 2 were analyzed and measured against. In order to verify the performance of the MapCHECK 2, 6X, 6X-FFF, 10X, 10X-FFF, 15X field size $10{\times}10$ cm, gantry $0^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$ direction was measured by the energy. IGRT couch of the CT values affect the measurements in order to confirm, CT number values : -800 (Carbon) & -950 (COUCH in the air), -100 & 6X-950 in the state for FFF, 15X of the energy field sizes $10{\times}10$, gantry $180^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $275^{\circ}$ directionwas measured at, MapPHAN allocated to confirm the value of HU were compared, using the treatment planning computer for, Measurement error problem by the sharp edges MapPHAN Learn gantry direction MapPHAN of dependence was measured in three ways. GANTRY $90^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$ in the direction of the vertically erected settings 6X-FFF, 15X respectively, and Setting the state established as a horizontal field sizes $10{\times}10$, $90^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $315^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$ of in the direction of the energy-6X-FFF, 15X, respectively, were measured. Without intensity modulated beam of the third open arc were investigated. Results: Of basic performance MapCHECK confirm the attenuation measured by Couch, measured from the measured HU values that are assigned to the MAP-PHAN, check for calculation accuracy for the angled edge of the MapPHAN all come in a range of valid measurement errors do not affect the could see. three ways for the Gantry direction dependence, the first of the meter built into the value of the Gantry $270^{\circ}$ (relative $0^{\circ}$), $90^{\circ}$ (relative $180^{\circ}$), 6X-FFF, 15X from each -1.51, 0.83% and -0.63, -0.22% was not affected by the AP/PA direction represented. Setting the meter horizontally Gantry $90^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$ from the couch, Energy 6X-FFF 4.37, 2.84%, 15X, -9.63, -13.32% the difference. By-side direction measurements MapPHAN in value is not within the valid range can not, because that could be confirmed as gamma pass rate 3% of the value is greater than the value shown. You can check the Open Arc 6X-FFF, 15X energy, field size $10{\times}10$ cm $360^{\circ}$ rotation of the dose distribution in the state to look at nearly 90% pass rate to emerge. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the MapPHAN gantry direction dependence by side in the direction of the beam relative dose distribution suitable for measuring the gamma value, but accurate measurement of the absolute dose can not be considered is. this paper, a more accurate treatment plan in order to confirm, Reduce the tolerance for VMAT, such as lateral rotation investigation in order to measure accurate absolute isodose using a combination of IMF (Isocentric Mounting Fixture) MapCHEK 2, will be able to minimize the impact due to the angular dependence.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.836-850
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• 2009

Human posture recognition has attracted tremendous attention in ubiquitous environment, performing arts and robot control so that, recently, many researchers in pattern recognition and computer vision are working to make efficient posture recognition system. However the most of existing studies is very sensitive to human variations such as the rotation or the translation of body. This is why the feature, which is extracted from the feature extraction part as the first step of general posture recognition system, is influenced by these variations. To alleviate these human variations and improve the posture recognition result, this paper presents 3D Star Skeleton and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based feature extraction methods in the multi-view environment. The proposed system use the 8 projection maps, a kind of depth map, as an input data. And the projection maps are extracted from the visual hull generation process. Though these data, the system constructs 3D Star Skeleton and extracts the rotation invariant feature using PCA. In experimental result, we extract the feature from the 3D Star Skeleton and recognize the human posture using the feature. Finally we prove that the proposed method is robust to human variations.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2018

Degraded plantation forests are increasing because of unfavorable forestry conditions prevailing in Japan, including falling timber prices, increasing operational costs, and aging and declining forestry workforce. To remedy this situation, appropriate management strategy is required. This study introduces the challenges of Odai Town, Mie Prefecture that employed a new management strategy by evaluating site suitability for conifer forests and that proposes a new forest management regime of planting deciduous trees in unsuitable sites. The site suitability for conifer forests was evaluated from two aspects: the natural site conditions and the relationship among site conditions, growth, and damage by Anaglyptus subfasciatus Pic. in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. Et Zucc. forests. By analyzing the relationship among site conditions, growth, and insect damage based on field data obtained in plantation forests, growth evaluation and insect damage evaluation maps were developed. Based on the natural forest investigation, natural site condition maps for C. japonica and C. obtusa were established. Furthermore, by integrating these evaluation maps with the forest road maps showing the accessibility to the forest, the forest management regime for the whole plantation area of Odai Town was established. The forest management regime map indicates the sites suitable for forestry: suitable for long-rotation, short-rotation, and potential sites for short-rotation. The sites unsuitable for forestry were considered to be more suitable for broadleaved forests. Clear-cutting was conducted in a small area and different seral stage saplings (approximately 20 deciduous tree species) suitable to the site conditions were planted in an area of $80-120m^2$ protected by deer-fences. This might establish a forest composed of many species with a multilayer vertical forest structure in a short period. The planted saplings were distributed neither randomly nor uniformly to reflect the natural distribution of trees in the forest. A challenge to develop new products using the deciduous trees has started, such as wood chips for preparing smoked food, essential oil, and deodorizer. As these challenges have just begun, their effects on enhancing sustainable resource management are still being monitored. Even with the challenges, this regime can be of high value as a management strategy to remedy the situation of expansion of degraded forests in Japan.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.41-45
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• 2017

Drones can be manipulated in a variety of ways. One of the most common controller is joystick method. But joystick controller uses both hands and takes a long time to learn. Particularly, in the case of 8-character flight, it is necessary to use both front and rear flight (pitch), left and right flight (Roll), and body rotation (Yaw). Joystick controller has limitations to intuitively control it. In particular, when the main body rotates, the viewpoint of the forward direction is changed between the drones and the user, thereby causing a mental rotation problem in which the user must control the rotating state of the drones. Therefore, we developed a motion matching controller that matches the motion of the drones and the controller. That is, the movement of the drone and the movement of the controller are the same. In this study, we used a gyro sensor and an acceleration sensor to map the controller's forward / backward, left / right and body rotation movements to drone's forward / backward, left / right, and rotational flight motion. The motor output is controlled by the throttle dial at the center of the controller. As the motions coincide with each other, it is expected that the first drone operator will be able to control more intuitively than the joystick manipulator with less learning.