• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a laser-based non-contact temperature measuring method for high speed rotating polycarbonate (PC) disk using transparency change of thermocolor. The thermocolor has abilities to change color and transparency due to a change in temperature. The thermocolor is applied on one side of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The thermocolor applied membrane is attached to inside of reaction chamber in disk. An optical system consisted of a laser beam radiator and a laser photometer is installed. Laser is irradiated at the bottom side of disk and the transmitted laser beam is detected by the laser photometer at the opposite side of disk. During the disk is rotating, laser is irradiated and detected simultaneously. The laser photometer senses the transmitted laser power and generates voltage as output. The temperature of disk can be detected during the disk is rotating up to 3000 RPM.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2006

The permeation experiments were carried out for the submerged membrane module equipped with self-designed rotating disks in order to determine the effect of fouling reduction and the optimum operating conditions as a function of operating time. Kaolin and bentonite particles were used to prepare various concentrations of feed solution. Every experiment was continued until 60 minutes at various rotating disk speeds up to 120 rpm. The suction pressure for kaolin solutions decreased to 28% by using rotating disk to decrease the fouling. Also, the optimum permeation flux decreased as kaolin concentration increased, and became 60 to 70 LMH for 0.4 wt% of kaolin solution. The suction pressure for bentonite experiment approached to 0 mmHg at 30 LMH and above 80 rpm rotating disk speed.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.110-113
• /
• 2005

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.10 s.181
• /
• pp.2513-2519
• /
• 2000

Free vibration characteristics of an initially stressed CD/DVD disk, which is designed for increasing critical speeds of current optical disks, are analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique based on variational formulations. Natural frequencies of the new disk depend on membrane stresses caused by disk rotation as well as residual stresses imposed during the cooling process of the injection molding. Critical speeds are calculated for the various initial patterns of radial and circumferential stresses. Initially imposed tensile stresses increase the natural frequencies of all the vibration modes except zero nodal diameter mode, whose natural frequency is independent of circumferential stress. A new disk with initial tensile stress of 0.5MPa is shown to have its critical speed about 30 % higher than the current optical disk.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2013

In order to overcome the cost issue for commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this research was conducted for replacing platinum cathode catalyst with non-precious metal catalyst. The non-precious metal catalyst (Co-PANI-C) was synthesized by the simple reduction method with polyaniline (PANI), carbon black, and cobalt precursor without any heat treatment. Characterization of new Co-PANI-C composite catalysts was done by the measurement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for structure analysis and performed by rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) for electrochemical analysis. As a result, Co-PANI-C catalyst showed 60 mV lower on-set potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than Pt/C catalyst, but the overall reduction current of Co-PANI-C catalysts by ORR was still smaller than that of Pt/C. In addition, the ORR behavior of Co-PANI-C catalysts depending on the rotation speed of electrode and the stability of Co-PANI-C catalyst under potential cycling and the performance of fuel cell conditions are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2012

The prohibitively high cost of Pt catalyst might be the biggest barrier for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) of which wide application is expected. Worldwide research efforts for the development of alternative to Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst are made recently. One of the important considerations in the catalyst development is durability issue as well as economic aspect. From this point of view, platinum group metals (PGM) except Pt can be a candidate for replacing Pt catalyst because the material properties and the catalytic activity of PGM are expected to be similar to Pt. In contrast to Ir, Rh and Os to which not so much attention has been paid as an ORR catalyst, Pd that is most similar to Pt in terms of material properties and catalytic activity and Ru that is in the form of chalcogenide have been studied intensively. Activity comparison between non-Pt and Pt oxygen reduction catalysts by half cell test using RDE (rotating disk electrode) or PEMFC MEA (membrane electrode assembly) operation indicates that Pd-based catalysts show the most similar activity to Pt. In this paper we analyze the composition of PGM ORR catalyst in literature to promote the development of non-Pt ORR catalyst.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.378-385
• /
• 2014

In this research, we investigate electrical performance and electrochemical properties of graphene supported Pt (Pt/G) and PtM (M = Ni and Y) alloy catalysts (PtM/Gs) that are synthesized by modified polyol method. With the PtM/Gs that are adopted for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), their catalytic activity and ORR performance and electrical performance are estimated and compared with one another. Their particle size, particle distribution and electrochemically active surface (EAS) area are measured by TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. On the other hand, regarding ORR activity and electrical performance of the catalysts, (i) linear sweeping voltammetry by rotating disk electrode and rotating ring-disk electrode and (ii) PEMFC single cell tests are used. The TEM and CV measurements demonstrate particle size and EAS of PtM/Gs are compatible with those of Pt/G. In case of PtNi/G, its half-wave potential, kinetic current density, transferred electron number per oxygen molecule and $H_2O_2$ production % are excellent. Based on data obtained by half-cell test, when PEMFC singlecell tests are carried out, current density measured at 0.6V and maximum power density of the PEMFC single cell employing PtNi/G are better than those employing Pt/G. Conclusively, PtNi/Gs synthesized by modified polyol shows better ORR catalytic activity and PEMFC performance than other catalysts.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2023

Two computational intelligence techniques namely artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed to model the permeate flux based on seven input variables including time, transmembrane pressure, rotating velocity, the pore diameter of the membrane, dynamic viscosity, concentration and density of the feed fluid. The best-fit model was selected through the trial-error method and the two statistical parameters including the coefficient of determination (R²) and the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) between the experimental and predicted data. The obtained results reveal that the optimized ANN model can predict the permeate flux with R² = 0.999 and AARD% = 2.245 versus the SVM model with R² = 0.996 and AARD% = 4.09. Thus, the ANN model is found to predict the permeate flux with high accuracy in comparison to the SVM approach.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.96-110
• /
• 2024

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are green energy conversion devices, for which commercial markets have been established, owing to their application in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Development of cathode electrocatalysts, replacing commercial Pt/C, plays a crucial role in factors such as cost reduction, high performance, and durability in FCVs. PtNi octahedral catalysts are promising for oxygen reduction reactions owing to their significantly higher mass activity (10-15 times) than that of Pt/C; however, their application in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is challenged by their low stability. To overcome this durability issue, various approaches, such as third-metal doping, composition control, halide treatment, formation of a Pt layer, annealing treatment, and size control, have been explored and have shown promising improvements in stability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) testing. In this review, we aimed to compare the features of each strategy in terms of enhancing stability by introducing a stability improvement factor for a direct and reasonable comparison. The limitations of each strategy for enhancing stability of PtNi octahedral are also described. This review can serve as a valuable guide for the development of strategies to enhance the durability of octahedral PtNi.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2014

A Pt catalyst ($Pt/G_xC_y$) supported on the hybrid supporting materials composed of graphene oxide (GO) and carbon black (C) was fabricated using polyol method to improve the durability of electrocatalysts. The electrochemical performances measured by cyclic voltammograms using three-electrode system revealed that the properly designed $Pt/G_xC_y$ catalyst exhibited higher durability than that of Pt/C catalyst without sacrificing an electrocatalytic acivity. In the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performed in acid solution with the rotating disk electrode, the $Pt/G_xC_y$ catalyst showed greater mass and area-specific activity than those of Pt/C catalyst.