• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.8
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• pp.143-173
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• 2003

In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, einen weiteren theoretischen Rahmen $f\"{u}r$ die Farbensymbole(Rot, Gelb und Grun) in der deutschen, englischen und korearischen Sprache, vor allem in Idiomatik weiterzuentwickeln. Rot und Grun sind in diesen Sprachen reichlicher als Gelb vertreten. Die symbolische Bedeutung von Rot ist besonders ambivalent Es ist die Farbe der Gesundheit, aber auch die Farbe des Blutes, Krieges und Todes. Rot ist in den untersuchten Sprachen als 'sehr', 'gut', 'gesund' oder 'schlecht' belegt Rot zeigt aber einzelsprachliche Eigenschaften. Im Koreanischen ist Rot syrnbollisch mit 'Frau', im Englischen mit $'B\"{u}rokratismus'$ verbunden.. Gelb hat auch $widerspr\"{u}chliche$ Symbolbedeutung .Es ist die Farbe der $Fr\'{u}hlingsblumen$, der Sonne und des Lichtes. Aber Gelb kann die Farbe von 'Neid, Eifersucht' oder 'feige, schlecht' sein. Grun ist die wichtigste Farbe der Natur. So ist diese Farbe symbolisch mit 'gut', 'unreif, 'sehr, viel', 'Wachstum und Gedeihen' assozziert. Durch Vergleich und Analyse der Farbensymbole in diesen drei Sprachen und durch Resultat der Antwort auf Fragenbogen an denen 99 Deutschen, 100 Amerikaner und 101 Koreaner teilnahmen, zeichnen sich folgende Ergebnisse ab. Sprachsymbole von dieser Farbe hat auf die Farbenwahrnehmungen von diesen Leuten nicht direkte $Einfl\"{u}sse{\;} ausge\"{u}bt$. Rot assoziert in 89 Koreanern und 5 Amerikanern 'Leidenschaft': Gelb in 52 Amerikanem, 47 Deutschen und 38 Koreanern $'W\"{a}rme'$: Grun in 33 Amerikanern, '37 Deutschen und 11 Koreanern 'Frieden'. Im Englischen und Deutschen zeigt sich die Assoziation von Gelb mit 'Neid, Eifersucht', was mit kulturellen Vorstellungen $\"{u}bereinstimmt$. 38 Deutsche und 4 Amerikaner geben $f\"{u}r$ Gelb die Symbolbedeutung 'Neid' an. Hier bin ich mit sprachlichem Determinismus von Wharf-Hypothese einverstanden: Verschiroene Sprachgemeinschaften erfassen die Wirklichkeit in ganz verschiedener Weise. Sprachsymbol und Kul­tursymbol scheinen an die Farbenwahrnehmungen von untersuchten Leuten $anzukn\"{u}pfen$.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) family Malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. Roselle is cultivated mainly in Upper Egypt (Qena and Aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. Root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. The main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with root rot and wilt symptoms of roselle in Qena, Upper Egypt and evaluate their pathogenicity under greenhouse and field condition. Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium semitectum were isolated from the natural root rot diseases in roselle. All isolated fungi were morphologically characterized and varied in their pathogenic potentialities. They could attack roselle plants causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in different pathogenicity tests. The highest pathogenicity was caused by F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina followed by F. solani. The least pathogenic fungi were F. equiseti followed by F. semitectum. It obviously noted that Baladi roselle cultivar was more susceptible to infection with all tested fungi than Sobhia 17 under greenhouse and field conditions. This is the first report of fungal pathogens causing root rot and vascular wilt in roselle in Upper Egypt.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Recently, the severe dieback of apple trees resulting from soil-borne diseases has occurred in South Korea. The casual agents of dieback were surveyed on 74 apple orchards that had been damaged nationwide in 2016-2019. The number of apple orchards affected alone by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot was 31, 34, and 3, respectively. Also, the total number of mixed infection orchards was 6. Out of 9,112 apple trees affected by dieback, the trees damaged by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot were 3,332, 3,831, and 44, respectively. Moreover, the total number of mixed infection apple trees was 1,905. The provinces mainly affected were Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. The survey on these infected apple orchards will be available to form management strategy for the dieback that had been increased by soil-borne fungal pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2013

This study was conducted to isolate and identify the fungal pathogen causing seedling rot of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zuccarini, and to know the optimum growing temperature for decreasing seedling rot of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. On the basis of morphological characteristics, EF-1a sequence analysis, and pathogenecity to host plant, the fungi isolated from seedling rot and seeds of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were identified as Fusarium fujikuroi, indicating that disease causing fungus is seed-borne pathogen. Optimum temperature for germination of seeds of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, but pathogenicity of Fusarium fujikuroi was shown more readily at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that seedling culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon between $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ might reduce seedling rot of Lithospermum erythrorhizon caused by seed-borne pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2006

This study was carried out to establish genetic transformation of Rot 3 gene into perilla plants and to evaluate aromatic compounds, brightness, anthocyanin contents and leaf index in Rot 3 overexpressing transgenic lines. Rot 3 transmitted successfully from T$_1$ to T$_2$ generation showing stable gene expression. It revealed that there was no difference between transgenic and non-transgenic plants in major agronomic characteristics of progeny analysis. There was not much difference in aromatic compounds and leaf brightness did not showed variations between transgenic and non-transgenic, but leaf index was distinguished, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1995

The disease development of root-rot [pathogen:Cylindrocarpon destruction (Zinssm.) Scholten] occurred in 2-year old ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in the continuous (the first cultivation: 1978∼1982, 2nd cultivation: 1990∼1993 and abolished in 1993 due to replanting problem) and replanted cultivation (period of cultivation: 1980∼1984). In the continuous cultivation, incidences of root-rot were 0.7% on May 3, 48.6% on May 24, and 95.8% on June 14, respectively. In the replanted cultivation, no symptom was observed on May 3 and disease incidence was generally lower compared with the continuous cultivation. On the aerial part of the ginseng infected by C. desiccates, the end and/or margin of leaves were changed to dark reddish color that appeared for behind the root-rot symptom. In this field, the longitudinal growth of lateral root was more inhibited than in the case of the replanted cultivation by C. destmctans. The inhibition rate of rootlet growth was 37.3% in the continuous cultivation as compared with that of replanted cultivation at June 14. Though lesions of root-rot were formed all over the roots, 61.2% of the lesions was positioned within 6 cm under the rhizome. Key words Panax ginseng, Cylindrocarpon destmtan, root-rot of ginseng, replanting problem of ginseng.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-363
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• 1998

Occurrence of soft rots was observed on celery that was massively grown in Pyungchang, Kangwon-Do, Korea. Soft rot symptom appeared first on the lower parts of the celery which eventually extended into whole aboveground parts of it. The casual organism isolated from the infected lesions was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the physiological and chemical characteristics, and on the results of the Biolog program (Biolog Inc., U. S. A.). E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first described bacterium which causes the bacterial soft rot disease on celery in Korea.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1999

Bacterial population densities on soybean pods from Chungnam province ranges 105~106 CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$, whereas those of bacteria causing sprout rot ranged 0~103 CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Erwinia chrysanthemi, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, Staphylococcus sp., and Micrococcus sp. were identified as pathogenic bacteria causing soybean sprout rot. The population density of X. campestris pv. glycines was higher than those of other bacteria.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.548-550
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• 1998

Bacterial soft rot caused damage to beets massively grown in Pyungchang, Kangwon province, Korea. The affected roots and stems became cream colored and slimy, and turned black, causing the plants to become wilt and die. The casual organism isolated from the infected plants was identified as Erinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on physiological and biochemical characteristic, and the results of the Biolog program (Biolog Inc., U.S.A.). E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first discribed bacterium which causes bacterial soft rot on beet in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.421-425
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• 2017

In 2016, grape fruits showing ripe rot symptom were found in fields of Korea. The fungus was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum viniferum based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ${\beta}$-tubulin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. viniferum causing grape ripe rot disease of grape fruits in Korea.