• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effects of shading and leaf mold treatment on growth characteristics and photosynthesis responses of Peucedanum japonicum in forest farming. It is very valuable as a sort of health food, so that the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. The experiment can not only increase the yield but also contribute to the development of eco-friendly technology for high-quality P. japonicum. It was performed by shading treatments (full sunlight, 35%, 50% and 75% shading) and leaf mold treatments (control, pine tree and chestnut tree). Height, stem diameter, root collar diameter, number of stem and dry weight were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under 35% shading. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to $H_2O$, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Specially, photosynthetic rate was higher under chestnut-leaf mold in all shading treatment, and getting lower in the higher shading rate. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that P. japonicum grows nicely by maintaining 35% shading under chestnutleaf mold in forest farming. Thus, it is the most effective way to increase the yield for high-quality P. japonicum with eco-friendly technology.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 1985

The objective of this study was to compare year variations of heritability, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations as well as pathway coefficients for main characters of tea tree to provide useful selection information for improving tea tree. The data collected from the performance yield trials from 1979 to 1981 were used in this study. 1. The genetic variance of height of stem and length of first branch was not only greatly varied with year. but also the largest among all characteristics studied. Other characteristics showed higher genetic variance than environmental variances, and year variances were very small. 2. Both year and variety x year interaction were highly significant sources of variation for height of stem, length of first branch and number of fruits in main stem pooled from three year data. 3. All characteristics showed high broad sense heritabilities, and the broad sense heritability was not varied with year. 4. The genetic correlation coefficients between Gigolpi and height of stem, length of first branch and number of fruits in main stem were positive, and the year variation was not large. 5. The pathway coefficients of the character was not only greatly varied with year and the height of stem, length of first branch and weight of dryed root affected directly on the Giglopi.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2001

Seed coat of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) is very thick and hard, it is difficult to absorb water during germination and it requires much time that cotyledon come out from seed coat since seminal root appearanced. Therefore this experiment was carried out to increase the germination rate by easing water absorption through mechanical scarification on seed coat. Non-scarification seed did not germinated at 7 days after treatment but scarification seed showed germination rate of 98%. Therefore mechanical scarification of seed coat was increased germination rate. Non-scarification seed absorbed less than 10% water of dry weight at 8 hours after treatment but scarification seed absorbed about 90% water at 7 hours after treatment and more than 150% water at 8 hours and swelled about 1.4-1.5 times in length and width of seed. Germination rate of scarification seed was high under high temperature and it was 96% and 93% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The rate of cotyledon emergence on clay loam soil was the highest among bed soils. Soaked seed after mechanical scarification in distilled water was germinated faster than non-soaked seed on early in bed soil. The rate of cotyledon emergence was more than 92% at 9 days after sowing but non-scarification and soaked seed was germinated late and showed very low germination rate as 67%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of some soil conditioners, such as polyvinylalcohol(PVA), zeolite and perlite, on the changes of soil physical properties and on tobacco growth in paddy-upland rotated field. Soil conditioners were treated at the rates of 120kg in PVA, 500kg in zeolite and perlite per l0a, respectively. Ratio of soil aggregates formed from the treated plots tended to. be higher than those from the control in the order of PVA > perlite > zeolite. The wet aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, moisture retention and air permeability from the treated plots tended to be higher than those from the control. Amounts of water-stable aggregates of PV A-treated soil increased with higher soil moisture showing a peak at 50% of moisture content. But with respect to particle of size aggregate formed for crop growth and workability in field, it was presumed that 40% of soil moisture content would be most desirable. Visual characters of soil surface throughout the experiment clearly showed that treated soils were maintaining better surface roughness and porosity than control, but difference in water stable aggregates among treated plots tended to be narrowed. The growths of tobacco, espacially its root zone were better in conditioner treated plots than in non-treated plot showing best in PVA-treated soil.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 1997

Growth and anatomical responses of rice and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli) to oxyfluorfen were examined under various growing conditions in a greenhouse. With foliar application at 0.08kg ai/ha 7 days after seeding or transplanting, oxyfluorfen completely reduced the shoot and root growth of barnyardgrass under all growing conditions. However, oxyfluorfen reduced the growth of direct seeded and transplanted rice by 0~64% and 0~12%, respectively. Phytotoxic effect on rice growth, with respect to plant height and shoot fresh weight, was more pronounced under water(53~63%) than under dry-condition(16~33%), and in broadcast-seeded(34~62%) than in drill-seeded rice(16~33%). Anatomical changes of epidermal and vascular bundle sheath cells of rice leaves were not induced by oxyfluorfen, but mesophyll cells were partially ruptured and total leaf thickness was reduced. Oxyfluorfen, however, constricted and ruptured mesophyll and vascular bundle sheath cells and severely reduced leaf thickness of barnyardgrass under all growing conditions examined. These anatomical changes were more severe under dry- than under water-seeded condition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effect of polyethylene film color and removing time of the mulching film in yacon (Polymnia sonchiiolia Poepp. & Endl.). The plant height on nonmulching was smaller about 10 cm or larger with 112cm than on other mulches ranged with $134{\sim}139$ cm at harvesting, and other characters examined were similar to that of plant height. The weight of tuberous root per plant was heavier on mulches ranged with $0.79{\sim}0.91$ kg than on non-mulching with 0.61 kg. Among the kind of mulches, plant height was the tallest with 139 cm in combination and declined in order of transparent, green and black polyethylene films. Yields among colored polyethylene films were the heaviest with 0.91 kg per plant in combination, 0.88 kg in black and 0.84 kg in green. In growth and yield full mulching untill harvesting was more effective than the other removed mulching treatments. It was effected on growth promotion at early growth stage, soil temperature and water preservation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2013

Some rhizobacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase can make plant to continue growth under the stress conditions through lowering the level of phytohormone, ethylene which inhibits the plant growth and accelerates plant aging. In this study, some rhizobacteria producing ACC deaminase have been isolated from the rhizosphere of plants grown at sand beaches, and identified as Escherichia hermannii m-2, Enterobacter asburiae m-4, Pseudomonas thivervalensis BD2-26 and Pseudomonas brassicacearum subsp. neoaurantiaca BD3-35 through sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Strain BD3-35 showed the highest activity of ACC deaminase among the isolates, 20.26 ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate ${\mu}M/mg$ protein/h. Strains BD3-35 and BD2-26 secreted a phytohormone cytokinin, and strains m-4 and m-2 could produce auxin and abscisic acid, respectively. When these bacteria were applied to the 7-day old tomato plant under drought stress for 7 days, strains BD3-35, m-2, and m-4 increased the length of tomato root by 14, 15, and 35%, respectively, and strains m-2, BD2-26 and BD3-35 increased the dry weight of tomato plant by 22, 33, and 68%, respectively compared to the uninoculated control tomatoes. Therefore, these rhizobacteria may be utilized as a microbial fertilizer for the plants under drought stress.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial liquid manure(MLM) on the growth and yield characteristics of Altari radish (Raphanus sativus L.). MLM 1,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM 2,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ and MLM 1,000mg L$^{-1}$ + microbial fermentation compost(MFC) 600kg/10a were treated. MLM was sprayed on leaves at 10, 20, and 40 days after planting. Leaf length and width of radish in all microbial fertilizer treatments were more vigorous than that of control significantly. Number of leaves was great in order of 1,000 mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM+600kg/10a MFC 〉2,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM〉1.000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM. SPAD reading value was increased with treatments of 2,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM and 1,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM+600kg/10a MFC. Root length and weight of all the microbial fertilizer treatments tended to increase compared with control, and 1,000mg$.$L$^{-1}$ MLM+600kg/10a MFC treatment was the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1999

$N(^{15}N)$ and $P(^{32}P)$ absorption by 2 year-old Cymbidium Jungfrau in solution culture were investigated. Growth, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and mineral composition of Cymbidium in the solution culture with bark or granular rockwool were compared with these parameters in the conventional pot culture. Nitrogen absorption by Cymbidium was higher in full sunlight than in 60% of sunlight while P absorption was higher in 60% of sunlight. Sixty seven % of N absorbed in plant was redistributed to the bulb(39%) and leaves(28%) while 46% of P absorbed was fund in the bulb (36.2%) and leaves (10.2%). Accumulation of P in leaves was 3-fold lower than that of N. N and P absorption in 0.5 or 1 year- old daughter plant Bowing vigorously were greater than in immature daughter or mother plant. The absorption rate of phosphorus in Cymbidium was 350-fold lower than that of barley. Greater shoot length and bulb diameter, and higher fresh weight, photosynthesis rate and chloroployll content were observed in the solution culture than in the conventional pot culture. Solution culture had-also more content of N, P, K and Mg in leaves, bulb and root than conventional pot culture but did not that of Ca. A large part of the nutrient absorption was occurred during vegetative growth. Also, There was no difference between bark and rockwool in the solution culture due to the improvement of poor dispersion of nutrient solution in bark.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.6-12
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• 1992

To study the effects of irrigation on the mulberry, 3 experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, four treatments, conventional (no irregation), drip irrigation, fertigation and fertigation with 20% extra fertilizer were examined. Irrigation hose was hurried at 20cm depth under the surface (Experiment 1). Water potential was controled at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 bar to understand the optimum irrigation potential under rain-block system with plastic film hose(experiment 2). Five leading mulberry varieties, Cheongilppong, Youngcheonppong, Suseongppong, Kaeryangppong and Shinilppong were examined for irrigation response(experiment 3). Fertigation and fertigation with extra fefilizer increased yield by 22%, repectively compared with conventional. Irrigation increased by 8%, but with no significance statistically compared with the conventional. Irrigation, especially fertigation increased water content, P$_2$O$_{5}$, $K_2$O and CaO in leaves, suggested improving leaf quality in fall. Fertigation increased available P$_2$O$_{5}$ content in the sub-soil. More root distribution showed at the sub-soil in fertigation. Weed did not occured in fertigation due to sub-soil fertilization, whereas the conventional received surface fertilization showed 931kg/10 a weed in fresh weight. No effect showed at the 20% extra fertilizer than the conventional amount Maximun yield showed at the 0.5 bar water potential. Irrigation increased yield by 22-25% with Cheongilppong and Yongcheonppong, and by 9-13% with Suseongppong, Shinilppong and Kaeryangppong.