• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2006

본 논문은 휴대형 3D그래픽 가속기를 위한 벡터 처리기, 누승기, 제산기 및 제곱근기 회로 설계에 관하여 기술한다. 설계된 연산기는 부동소수점 대신 OpenGL/ES에서 권장하는 16.16 고정 소수점 방식을 사용하여 모바일 환경에서 저전력/저면적으로 동작하도록 하였다. 벡터 처리기는 RB 수체계 기반으로 설계되었으며 일반적인 4개의 승산기와 3개의 가산기로 구현한 방식에 비해 30%의 동작성능이 향상됐고, 10%의 면적 감소를 이루었다. 누승기, 제산기 및 제곱근기는 로그 수체계 기반으로 설계되었으며 이진수-로그 변환 시 룩업 테이블을 사용하지 않고 6-영역의 근사화 방법을 이용한 조합회로로 구현하였다. 누승기, 제산기 및 제곱근기는 일반적인 룩업 테이블로 구현한 방식과 비교하여 면적이 대폭 감소되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1303-1315
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• 2012

In the draft of the IEEE 802.11s standard, a tree topology is established by the proactive tree-building mode of the Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP). It is used for cases in which the root station (e.g., gateway) is an end point of the majority of the data connections. In the tree topology, the root or central stations (e.g., parent stations) are connected to the other stations (e.g., leaves) that are one level lower than the central station. Such mesh stations are likely to suffer heavily from contention in bottleneck links when the network has a high traffic load. Moreover, the dependence of the network on such stations is a point of vulnerability. A failure of the central station (e.g., a crash or simply going into sleep mode to save energy) can cripple the whole network in the tree topology. This causes performance degradation for end-to-end transmissions. In a connected mesh topology where the stations having two or more radio links between them are connected in such a way that if a failure subsists in any of the links, the other link could provide the redundancy to the network. We propose a scheme to utilize this characteristic by organizing the network into concentric tiers around the root mesh station. The tier structure facilitates path recovery and congestion control. The resulting mode is referred to as Tier-based Proactive Path Selection Mode (TPPSM). The performance of TPPSM is compared with the proactive tree mode of HWMP. Simulation results show that TPPSM has better performance.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.895-898
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 그래픽 프로세싱 분야와 디지털 신호 처리 분야에 응용될 수 있는 로그수체계(Logarithm Number System; LNS) 기반의 제산기와 제곱근기를 설계하였다. 설계된 제산기와 제곱근기는 부동소수점 대신 16.16의 고정소수점 방식을 사용하여 모바일 환경에서 저전력/저면적으로 동작하도록 하였다. 설계된 제산기와 제곱근기는 이진수-로그 변환기, 감산기, 로그-이진수 변환기 등으로 구성되어 있다. 특히, 이진수-로그 변환시 룩업테이블(Look Up Table; LUT)을 사용하지 않고 6-영역의 근사화 방법을 이용한 조합회로로 구현함으로써, 기존의 룩업테이블로 구현한 방식에 비해 게이트 수가 감소되도록 하여, 제산기 3,130, 제곱근기 1,280 게이트로 구현되었다. 연산정밀도를 높이기 위해 에러 보상방법을 적용하였으며 연상 정밀도 분석결과 평균 퍼센트 에러가 가각 3.8% 와 4.2%로 평가되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.37-43
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• 1963

1. 원묘의 대소와 부위에 있어서 굵은 원묘가 가는 원묘에 비하여 활착 및 묘질이 좋았고 선단부와 기부사이에는 유의차는 없었으나, 선단부가 약간 활착과 묘질이 좋았다. 그리고 2아원묘와 3아원묘 사이에는 활착의 차가 없었다. 2. 원묘의 발근의 다소에 있어서는 발근량이 많은 것일수록 활착 및 묘질이 좋았다. 3. 원묘의 매복 심도에 있어서는 원묘의 선단에 파라핀을 도말하고 노출시킨 것이 가장 활착율이 높았으며 원묘의 선단에 파라핀을 도말하지 않더라도 그 선단을 노출시켜 매복하거나 또는 되도록 얕게 매복한 것이 깊게(6cm) 매복한 것보다 활착율이 높았다. 4. 원묘를 매복하는 방법에 있어서는 골의 중앙에 곧게 세운 것과 골의 한 쪽에 뉘어 세우고 매복한 것 사이에는 활착의 차는 없었으나 묘질은 곧게 세워 매복한 것이 비교적 양호하였다. 5. 육성포의 토성에 있어서는 사양토와 식양토간에 원묘의 활착의 차는 없었으나 묘질은 사양토에서 좋았다. 6. 각품종간(시평, 개량서반, 노상, 수원상4호 및 용천추우)에 있어서는 원묘의 활착에는 차가 없었으나 묘질은 용천추우가 가장 좋았다. 7. 생산비를 조사한 바 상묘 1본당 재육채묘는 1원 61전이었는데 비하여 접목은 2원 3전이었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

Object The purpose of this study were to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of resin fiber reinforced post to radicular dentin using resin cement according to various dentin surface treatment and to observe the inter face between post and root dentin under SEM Material and Method A total 16 extracted human single rooted teeth were used. A lingual access was made using a #245 carbide bur in a high-speed handpiece with copious air water spray. The post space was mechanically enlarged using H-file(up to #60) and Gates Glidden bures(#3). This was followed by refining of the canal space using the calbrating drill set provided in ER Dentinpost(GEBR, BRASSELER GmbH&Co. KG). The 16 teeth were randomly distributed into 4 group of 4 teeth. Group 1 teeth had their post space prepared using 10% phosphoric acid as root canal surface treatment agent during 20s. The canal was then rinsed with saline and dried with paper point. Group 2 teeth had their post space prepared using 3% NaOCl as root canal surface treatment agent during 30min. The canal was then rinsed with saline and dried with paper point. Group 3 teeth had their post space prepared using 17% EDTA as root canal surface treatment agent during 1min. The canal was then rinsed with saline and dried with paper point. Group 4 teeth had their post space prepared using 17% EDTA as root canal surface treatment agent during 1min. After rinsing with saline, the canal was rinced 10m1 of 3% NaOCl for 30min. After drying with paper point, the post(ER Dentinpost, GEBR, BRASSELER GmbH&Co. KG) was placed in the treated canals using resin cement. Once the canal was filled with resin cement(Super bond C&B sunmedical co. Ltd.), a lentulo was inserted to the depth of the canal to ensure proper coating of the root canal wall. After 24 hours, acrylic resin blocks($10{\cdot}10{\cdot}50mm$) were made. The resin block was serially sectioned vertically into stick of $1{\cdot}1mm$. Twenty sticks were prepared from each group. After that, tensile bond strengths for each stick was measured with Microtensile Tester. Failure pattern of the specimen at the interface between post and dentin were observed under SEM. Results 1. Tensile bond strengths(meen{\pm}SD$) ) were expressed with ascending order as follows group 4, $12.52{\pm}6.60$ ; group 1, $7.63{\pm}5.83$ ; group 2, $4.13{\pm}2.31$ ; group 3, $3.31{\pm}1.44$. 2. Tensile bond strengths of Group 4 treated with 17% EDTA +3%NaOCl were significant higher than those of group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). 3. Tensile bond strengths of Group 1 treated with 10% phosphoric acid were significant higher than those of group 2 (p<0.05). Tensile bond strengths of Group 4 treated with 17% EDTA +3% NaOCl was significant higher than those of other groups.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1998

The effect of Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture on serum levels of sex hormone was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Water extract of Cervi Cornu Parvum was daily injected for 30 days at points in rats corresponding to bilateral Taixi (Ki. 3) points of human and non-point at root of tail after ovariectomy, respectively. Serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, LH and FSH were measured at 2 and 4 weeks after aqua-acupuncture treatment, respectively. Compared with ovariectomized rats, significant increase of estradiol and progesterone and significant decrease of FSH and LH were elicited at 2 and 4 weeks after aqua-acupuncture treatment. Aqua-acupuncture treatment at non-point did not produce any remarkable effect. These findings suggest aqua-acupuncture may restore dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, associated with a significant increase of serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1529-1540
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• 2018

The matrix equation $X^p+A^*XA=Q$ has been studied to find the positive definite solution in several researches. In this paper, we consider fixed-point iteration and Newton's method for finding the matrix p-th root. From these two considerations, we will use the Newton-Schulz algorithm (N.S.A). We will show the residual relation and the local convergence of the fixed-point iteration. The local convergence guarantees the convergence of N.S.A. We also show numerical experiments and easily check that the N.S. algorithm reduce the CPU-time significantly.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.74-86
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resulting root canal angulation and shape change after using various enlarging instruments. The mesial canals (120) of extracted human mandibular 1st and 2nd molars were randomly divided into 6 groups; Control, K-type me, Heliapical me, Canal Master me, sonic and ultrasonic instrumentation group. Vertical angulation of each canal was determined by a straight line through the long axis of canal and another straight line through the apical foramen to intersect at the point where the canal began to leave the long axis of the tooth. By recording and comparing the measured angles of the each set of pre-and postinstrumentation. Then, the roots were sectioned horizontally in the apical, middle, coronal thirds and the canal shapes examined, as was the mesiodistal canal diameter as it relates to the external root surface. The results were as follows: 1. Instrumentation using K-type me group resulted in the highest mean change in angulation ($9.900^{\circ}$) (p < 0.005), while Sonic Air MM 3000 group resulted in the least degree of straightening canals ($8.250^{\circ}$) (p < 0.005). 2. Canal Master file group resulted in the best canal shape at the three levels (P < 0.005). 3. Measured minimal mesial root width produced Heliapical me group at the apical 1/3 level, Sonic Air MM 3000 group at the middle 1/3 level, Heliapical me group at the coronal 1/3 level (P < 0.005). 4. Measured minimal distal root width produced Sonic Air MM 3000 group at the apical 1/3 level (P < 0.05), Heliapical me group at the middle 1/3 level (P < 0.005), Canal Master me group at the coronal 1/3 level (P < 0.005). 5. HeIiapical me group produced more increased canal diameter than any other groups (P < 0.005).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 1998

20 Subjects with clinical diagnosis of adult periodontitis with sites having average pocket depth of 4mm were selected for the study. After scaling and root planing of those sites, 30% minocycline-HCI contained in biodegradable device were inserted in one group, scaling and root planing was carried out in another group and the last group was without any periodontal treatment. the difference between the group was detemined by pocket dept, bleeding on prbing, attachment level, distribution of subgingval plaque bacteria. Conclusion was made for the comparisons between baseline and 4 week and the groups. 1. In analysis of pocket depth, there was significant sifference in scaling and root planing group only. 2. Both the scaling and root planing group and minocycline group showed significant decrease in bleeding on probing. 3. There was significant increase in the attachment level in scaling and root planing group, but no difference was foundbetween the groups. 4. There was significant decrease in the total number of subgingival bacteria in all groups and the number of motile bacteria decreased significantly in the minocycline group. These result indicate that insertion of Minocycline-HCI at the base of periodntal pocket was useful as an additional aid of mechanical trarment at the point of periodontal pocket, bleeding on probing, attachment level, microbial distribution.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.503-513
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of dietary consciousness of gender and generation on food intake frequency in Daegu, Sangju, Kimchen and Gumi. There was a total of 359 subjects, which consisted of elementary students, college students, and adults. The survey period was from March to May 2011, and it was a self-questionnaire by convenience sampling. The results were as follows: 1. A 9 point scale on intake frequency of 59 kinds foods was classified into 17 groups. Gender had significant differences on intake frequency of meats, beans, root vegetables, tuber vegetables, fruit vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, liquors, and cola. Sixteen food groups, except for fats, showed significant differences in intake frequency by generation. 2. Dietary consciousness consisted of 15 items, and it was divided into nutritional consciousness and meal consciousness. Meal consciousness was significantly higher in females than in males, as well as college students and adults than in elementary students. 3. Nutritional consciousness had significant effects on intake frequencies of grains, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables, milk and milk products, fat and fatty oils. Meal consciousness had effects on intake of grain, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, seaweeds, teas and coffee. 4. Meal consciousness of males had significant effects on intake frequencies of grains, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, seaweeds, teas, and coffee. Elementary students showed significant effects on grains, leaf vegetables, root vegetables and seaweeds.