• Applied Microscopy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1974

In this work the effect of pre-rolling on the homogenization and on the mechanical properties of 4.6% Mg-0.5% Mn-0.18% Cr-Al alloy has been studied. At room temperature tensile strength and elongation have been found to increase in the pre- rolled homogenized sample compared to those of the as cast sample. At $400^{\circ}C$ this pre-rolled homogenized sample has shown a little lower tensile strength and a remarkably higher elongation than the samples as casted or homogenized without pre-rolling. Metallurgical microstructure of the pre-rolled homogenized sample has shown conspicuously less secondary phase such as ${\beta}$-phase at the grain boundaries than the other samples. The difference of magnesium content between grain boundaries and within the grains has been also checked by EPMA. The test results show enhanced homogenizing effect by the pre-rolling before homogenizing heat treatment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1607-1612
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• 2007

To assure safe usage of railway rolling stock, it is important to evaluate the strength of the wheel which is core part in bogies. However, conventional standard testing methods using destructive technique could not evaluate mechanical properties of degraded wheels during rolling stock maintenance work. Instrumented indentation test is a new way to evaluate nondestructively the strength of mechanical components by analyzing indentation load-depth curves. In this study, to evaluate tensile strength of the wheel, instrumented indentation test is performed nondestructively according to KS B 0950. Furthermore, test results are examined by tensile test in accordance with KS R 9221.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.604-609
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• 2003

The fire precautions regulation for Rolling stock in England, France and America concentrate on ensuring of safety in respect of material choosing method and consideration of design. In order to guarantee fire safety in Korean Rolling stocks, it is necessary to establish the fire precautions regulation at the two respects. Korean Standard of product classifies only incombustibility or not. It is not sufficient to classify various materials by testing method for incombustibility of material. Korean Standard to be reserved should be able to cover the smoke density test for small size and classification of the detail grade of material against the reaction to fire

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2012

In this paper, it is proposed to produce high precision screws with a diameter of $800{\mu}m$ and a thread pitch of $200{\mu}m$ ($M0.8{\times}P0.2$) by means of a cold thread rolling process. In this part II of the study, the focus is on the production and reliability testing of the prototype $M0.8{\times}P0.2$ micro-screw. Designs for two flat dies were developed with the aid of the literature and previous studies. Process parameters during the cold thread rolling process were established through FE simulations. The simulation results showed that the threads of the micro-screw are completely formed through the rolling process. Prototype $M0.8{\times}P0.2$ micro-screw were fabricated with a high precision thread rolling machine. In order to verify the simulation results, the deformed shape and dimensions obtained from the experiment were compared with those from the simulations. Hardness and failure torque of the fabricated micro-screw were also measured. The values obtained indicate that the CAE based process design used in this paper is very appropriate for the thread rolling of micro-sized screws.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

White Etching Layer(WEL) is a phenomenon that occurs on the surface of rail due to wheel/rail interactions such as excessive braking and acceleration. Rolling Contact Fatigue(RCF) cracks on the surface of rail have been found to be associated with WEL. In this study, we have investigated RCF damages of white etching layer using twin disc testing and fatigue analysis. These tests consist of wheel flat tests and rolling contact fatigue tests. WEL has been simulated by wheel flat test. It has been founded that the WEL with a bright featureless contrast is formed on the surface of specimen by etching. Rolling contact fatigue test was conducted by using flat specimens with the WEL generated by the wheel flat test. It has been observed that two types of cracks occur within the specimen. The contact fatigue test was simulated in 2D elastic-plastic FE simulations. Based on loading cycles obtained from the finite element analysis, the fatigue life analysis according to the thickness variation of WEL was carried out. The longest fatigue life was observed from the thickness of 20um.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.390-398
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• 1999

The thermomechanical control process(in hot rolling strip mill) was employed to produce 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, which is to be construction material for the steam generator for power plant. Although the Conventional processes has been the primary means of producing the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, an alternative method was used to meet the specification of ASTM heat treatment for A387-22-Classl using autotempering after coiling in hot rolling strip mill. The microstructures, tensile properties at various temperatures, and creep-rupture properties have been investigated to compare the properties with those of materials produced by the conventional process and to certify the application of the thermomechanical control process to an actual process of manufacturing 2.25-Cr-1Mo steel, this in turn, will reduce the cost of the process. About 14 to 34% glanular bainite (remainder proetectoid ferrite) formed in a coil, and this variety of volume fraction stems from the different cooling rates, which varies with position of the coil after coiling. Tensile testing from room temperature to 700$^{\circ}C$ indicated that strength increases with test temperature showing peaks at around 600$^{\circ}C$. Creep-rupture properties have been being investigated at the temperature of 500$^{\circ}C$ with 27.5, 32kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ loads and have showed no rupture for over 1000 hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.360-363
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• 2007

This paper deals with the dynamic tensile characteristics of the steel sheets for structural members of a train. Train accidents occurs rarely but lead to many casualties and economical loss. Therefore the safety of the train becomes important during the train crash. The dynamic tensile characteristics of the steel sheets are indispensable to analyze the structural crashworthiness. Current research reports the stress-strain curves, fracture elongation and strain rate sensitivities evaluated at the various strain rates especially for SUS304L-ST and SUS304L-LT steel sheets. The results include the difference in the dynamic tensile characteristics of both rolling and transverse directions. Dynamic tensile tests were performed at the strain rates ranging from 0.003/sec to 200/sec using High Speed Material Testing Machine. The materials tested in this research shows interesting behavior at the low strain rates. The strain hardening exponent decreases remarkably while the yield strength increases.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1445-1456
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• 2011

This paper presents the research of Low Pass Filter(hereinafter called "LPF") which is the part of Chopper Gate Control Unit on the electric rolling stock. Chopper Gate Control Unit controling the propulsive equipments of electric rolling stock consists of several electronic parts, PCB, Power Supply, Gate Circuit Amp, Freon Cooling Device, and has been used the parts made by japan manufacturer Mitsubish. But these parts recently have been more broken down and slow down performance because of long-term use, deterioration. Most of the malfunctions are low performance of LPF. Furthermore, it is physically impossible to repair LPF. Because it is molding type part and no longer manufactured. Also it needs high cost for custom-building. Therefore, it is now making up for through self-developed LPF and operating on Busan metro 1st after on-board testing. This research performed the PS Pice simulation testing, analysis of self-developed LPF performance and the wave form characteristic by multi-function synthesizer, spectrum analyzer, oscilloscope.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

A cold roll-bonding process is applied to fabricate an AA6061/AA5052/AA6061/AA5052 layered sheet. Two AA6061 and one AA5052 sheets of 2mm thickness, 40mm width and 300mm length are alternately stacked, then reduced to a thickness of 2.0 mm by multi-pass cold rolling after surface treatment such as degreasing and wire brushing. The rolling is performed at ambient temperature without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 400 mm at a rolling speed of 6.0 m/sec. The roll-bonded AA6061/AA5052/AA6061/AA5052 layered sheet is then hardened by natural aging (T4) and artificial aging (T6) treatments. The microstructure of the as-roll bonded and the age-hardened Al sheets was revealed by SEM observation; the mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. After T4 and T6 aging treatment, the specimens had a recrystallization structure consisting of coarse equiaxed grains in both AA5052 and AA6061 regions. The as-roll-bonded specimen showed a clad structure in which the hardness of AA5052 regions was higher than that of AA6061 regions. However, after T4 and T6 aging treatment, specimens exhibited different structures, with hardness of AA6061 regions higher than that of AA5052 regions. Strengths of T6 and T4 age-treated specimens were found to increase by 1.55 and 1.36 times, respectively, compared to the value of the starting material.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.581-587
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• 2011

The production of high-precision micro-sized screws, used to fasten parts of micro devices, generally utilizes a cold thread-rolling process and two flat dies to create the teeth. The process is fairly complex, involving parameters such as die shape, die alignment, and other process variables. Thus, up-front finite-element(FE) simulation is often used in the system design procedure. The final goal of this paper is to produce high-precision screw with a diameter of $800{\mu}m$ and a thread pitch of $200{\mu}m$ (M0.8${\times}$P0.2) by a cold thread rolling process. Part I is a first-stage effort, in which FE simulation is used to establish process parameters for thread rolling to produce micro-sized screws with M1.4${\times}$P0.3, which is larger than the ultimate target screw. The material hardening model was first determined through mechanical testing. Numerical simulations were then performed to find the effects of such process parameters as friction between work piece and dies, alignment between dies and material. The final shape and dimensions predicted by simulation were compared with experimental observation.