• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 1994

Crown rot was found find tomatoes growing on a rockwool culture system in a glasshouse at Dongkwangyang in 1992. The disease occurred on the stem of 'Trust' tomato plants with 3~4 cluster of flowers. Infected plants showed stem girdling and necrosis at or slightly above the rockwool line. Internal tissues of crown and stem including cortex, vascular bundle, and pith became decayed resulting in a chocolate-brown discoloration extending no more than 10~15 cm above the crown. Diseased tomato plants with the similar symptoms were found at Ansung and Taejon where tomatoes were grown on either rockwool or soil in plastic greenhouses. The size of macroconidia of Fusarium isolated from a diseased plant was 26.0~41.6$\times$2.9~4.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and microconidia were formed on short monophialide and the size was 3.6~12.5$\times$2.9~3.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Morphological characteristics and inoculation tests indicated that the causal organism of the disease was Fusarium oxysporum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1993

The purpose of this research was to develop ideal substrates for the production of good quality tomatoes in bag culture system and also to improve media with low or no environmental pollution by blending and mixing artificial substrate including peatmoss, perlite, vermiculite, granular rockwool, polyphenol resin foam, bark, and smoked rice hull. The highly efficient media proved by experiments were vermiculite, smoked rice hull, polyphenol resin foam, granular rockwool, and perlite, which showed good results in the early growth as well as the marketable yield of tomato in the bag culture. Tomato plants grown in the media mixed with peatmoss, vermiculite and granular rockwool at the ratio of 3 : 1 : 1(by volume) showed the highest marketable yield, and the next at the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. The perlite-granular rockwool mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 1 : 4, and the peatmoss vermiculite mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 3 : 2, seemed to be promising media for bag culture.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1990

Root zone environments in hydroponics are very important factors in crop growth, development and quality. In Korea, improvement of root zone temperature is required because of the continental climate. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to clarify the difference of root zone environments in different hydroponic systems under different climates. Tomato plants were grown in nutrient solutions at Seoul City University and Allen Cooper's. Hydroponic systems in this experiment were aeroponics, nutrient film technique(NFT), rockwool culture, sand culture and smoked rice hull culture(SRH). The decrease in temperature rapidly occured in sand culture while slowly in rockwool culture in low air temperature periods. The internal temperature of substrates of hydroponic bed were slightly changed in rockwool culture under high air temperature periods, while the duration of high temperature was longest in NFT. Electrical conductivity and pH of nutrient solution showed great changes in rockwool and aeroponics. Along the bed, the content of dissolved oxygen in nutrient solution had a tendency to decrease in NFT and DFT(Deep flow technique), while didn`t a change with aeroponics. Root activity measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) was highest with aeroponics, followed by rockwool culture and NFT.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several substrates; used rockwool, several spent mushroom composts, and common used media, such as rockwool and vermiculite, on growth and fruit quality of cucumber. Cucumber grew dramatically in the rockwool+peatmoss (1:2 v/v) (RP) and fine granular rockwool in hydroponic system using Yamaztiki's solution for cucumbers. The yield of cucumber fruit was highest in recycled winter mushroom compost (RW), and followed by 100% perlite (Par), recycled oyster mushroom compost (RO), and RR but there was no significant difference among these three media. Soluble solid and firmness were higher in Per and vermiculite (Ver), and any difference was not found among the others. Vitamin C was not influenced by kind of substrate. The results confirm that several reused or recycled substrates have high possibilities for use as medium for hydroponic culture in cucumber.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

This experiment was conducted to find out the possibility of use of reused rockwool and comparison of growth, productivity and quality of tomatoes according to the use of rockwool and coir medium. The experiment was conducted in an automatic controlled greenhouse at Andong National University, College of Life Science, located in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do.. As a result of the experiment, there was no difference in the number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area between treatments, and the crown diameter was slightly higher in rockwool medium, also there was no difference between reused rockwool and coir medium. Fruit productivity showed different responses depending on the cultivation environment, but there was no significant difference between rockwool, reused rockwool and coir medium. In addition, the quality of fruit was observed to be different according to the concentration of EC in the medium. Therefore, in tomato hydroponic cultivation, there was no difference in the type of medium in growth, productivity, fruit quality and the environmental and water management had a great effect, and it is expected that the reuse of rockwool will have a positive effect on the economic point of view.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2002

To overcome a decrease of Korean ginseng production caused by successive cropping, we have tried to develop a nutrient culture system for Korean ginseng production. For determining the optimal substrate, mixture of sand and TKS-2 (S＋T), peatmoss (P), reused rockwool (RR), and granular rockwool (GR) were investigated. The overall physico-chemical properties of RR fell into the reported optimal range for the ginseng cultivation. However, bulk density of S＋T was a little higher than that of soil in Korean ginseng fields. The top fresh weight of the ginseng was high in RR and S＋T substrates. The root fresh and dry weights in the RR were remarkably greater than that in the conventional soil (CS) of Korean ginseng fields. In terms of ginseng quality, the vitamin C content of ginseng root in nutrient culture was higher than that in CS. However, the contents of crude saponin and total ginsenosides in ginseng between in the nutrient culture and in the soil culture did not show any significant differences.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation methods for reducing a drainage on the growth and yield in rockwool (Grodan co.) and cocopeat (chip : dust = 50 : 50 included fiber) culture. The nutrient solution was irrigated by $100J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-100 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-45 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-40 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-35 mL ($100{\sim}50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-100~35 mL, Nutrient solution 100~35 mL was irrigated per plant when the accumulated radiation was $100{\sim}50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$). The drain rates per plant of 100-100, 50-45, 50-40, 50-35 were 26.3%, 8.8%, 6% 4.4% and 23.1%, 7.5%, 5% 3.4% in rockwool and cocopeat slabs. The water contents and EC of 100-100 and 50-45 were managed by the 55~70%, $3.0{\sim}5.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ which were good condition for paprika culture in rockwool and cocopeat slabs, while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were managed by beyond 50%, $4.5{\sim}9.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The plant height, number of branches and leaf size of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly increased while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were decreased. The fruit size and weight of 50-40 and 50-35 were small and light, while those of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly big and heavy. The marketable fruits of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly more by 9.7~9.8 in rockwool and 8.8~8.9 in cocopeat, while the unmarketable fruits, the small and blossom end rot fruits were increased in 50-40 and 50-35 treatments. The yield of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly high.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.340-345
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• 2014

Since the moisture content (MC) of growing medium closely related with the crop transpiration, the MC should be included to the environmental factors to be considered for irrigation control in soilless culture. The objective of this study was to analyze the transpiration of paprika plants using daily mean solar radiation (RAD) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as well as the growth of the plants at different MCs of rockwool growing media. The starting points of irrigation were controlled by a moisture sensor with minimum set points of 40%, 50%, and 60% of MCs. The canopy transpirations were measured for 80 to 120 days after transplanting and analyzed. The transpirations were well regressed with a combination of both RAD and VPD rather than daily mean RAD only under the controlled MCs. The transpiration at 60% MC was higher than those at 50% and 40% MCs. Leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weights at 60% MC were higher than those at 50% and 40% MCs while the number of leaves had no significant difference among the MCs. There were no significant differences in number of fruits and fruit size among all the MCs, while fruit weight was significantly lower at 40% MC than other treatments. Fresh and dry fruit yields were the highest at 60% MC. Therefore it was concluded that the transpiration was affected by the MC of rockwool growing medium and the minimum set point of 50-60% MC of rockwool growing medium gave better effects on the growth of the paprika plants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of limited nutrient supply during 21 days before and after pollination stage on the growth, fruit quality and nutrient uptake of muskmelon in rockwool culture. Muskmelon, cv. Earl's Favorite seeds sowed on rockwool cube and transplanted on rockwool slab($90\times15\times7.5cm$) when 2 to 3 true leaf appeared on Sep. 6, 1991. Three kinds of nutrient composition recommended by Shizuoka university, combinated with the composition of Otsuka house A and composition Shizuoka III. One half of calcium nitrate(Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$.4$H_2O$) for limiting nitrogen supply during 21 days was treated and then fertigated the nutrient composition recommended by Shizuoka university up to harvest time. Trickling nozzles(Netafim Co. Israel) were used for fertigation of nutrient solution and noncirculating system was employed. Temperature was maintained $18^{\circ}C$ in night but 23 to $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days after pollination for softening the fruit. The drainage ratio of nutrient solution was adjusted 20 to 30 percent. Fertigated and drained amount, and the pH and EC of nutrient solution were recorded. The concentrations of mineral elements including N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were analyzed and compared among treatments. In both autumn and winter cultivation, the limitation of nutrient supply by adjustment of nutrient composition(NO$_3$-N : 8meㆍ$\ell^{-1}$) caused the nutrient deficiency in muskmelon plant due to the limited nutrient supply. After pollination nutrient limitation by the lowering the nitrate retarded the over thickening of upper leaves of muskmelon but plant height and fresh weight of fruit were higher in the plot of nonlimited nutrient supply. The phenomena were attributed to the differences of the amount of nutrient uptake due to the limited time of nutrient solution, duration of nutrient supply and concentration of nutrient solution. These results suggested that increasing nutrient supply in the pollination stage was favorable for better appearance of fruit and improving fruit quality. Further trials would be required for the incre-ment of sugar degree of muskmelon grown in rockwool.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill cv. Tefunis) according to the water content of non-recycled rockwool culture in high-rise tomato greenhouse. Daily irrigation amount was 3.8 times higher in the irrigation control by Integrated Solar Radiation (ISR) than in the Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensor. Water content of ISR and FDR was 90-95 and 60-65%, respectively. Plant height and weight of tomato fruit was 1.2-1.9 times longer and 1.2-2.0 times heavier in the ISR than in the FDR sensor, respectively. No significantly differed to sugar content of tomato by treatments. Marketable fruits were the higher 1.3 times in the ISR compared with the FDR sensor. Cracking percentage in the ISR was also the higher 2.0 times compared with FDR sensor. Therefore, Irrigation control by ISR was appropriate to improve of plant growth and production of tomato with non-recycled rockwool culture in greenhouse during long-term cultivation.