• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.607-614
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• 2000

A cost-effective automated slope monitoring system is developed to monitor hazardous cut slopes along highways. This automated slope monitoring system consists of data-collection and visual monitoring, data-transmitting, database and internet service, and alarm system. Wire-line extensometer, automatic raingauge, and CCD camera are selected as monitoring instruments in this system, after consideration of failure characteristics of roadside cut slopes in the country. This paper describes the important features of this newly developed automated slope monitoring system.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권3호통권39호
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• pp.39-56
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roadside slope of mountainous Parkway. 48 sites were selected by Random Ranking Sampling. This study was researched on the slope condition with the cause of occurrence, the situation of fundamental engineering works and vegetation on slopes. The main results of this research are summarized as follow ; 1. Slope shapes are shown nine types in cut slope and four types in fill slope. 2. Generally, fill slopes are larger than cut slopes in slop area. 3. Grade is more steep than standard grade. 4. Main engineering works, which constructed for slope stability, are terracing, side-ditch wall, channel, concrete trellis works and wire fence. 5. Roundabout channel were many constructed within the sector of Ukmojeong-Deokdong, but were few constructed within the sector of Banseon-Seongsam pass and Cheoneun Temple-Seongsam pass. 6. Most. of side-ditch wall were constructed of concrete and wet-masonry. 7. In vegetation works, many exterior species were selected. 8. Planting pattern was not combinated with the national park landscape.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.527-534
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• 2000

136 cut slopes which extends from Namyangju to Chunchon city along the 46th national highway were investigated to analyze the influence factors affecting slope instability. Geologic and geotechnical conditions were examined and the detailed investigation were carried out for fifty five failed slopes. failure mode (wedge failure, planar failure, circular failure, sheet eroison and rock falls) are examined with respect to slope inclination, rock type, weathering grade and discontinuity patterns. It is suggested that the failure modes and their dimensions have relations to the morphology and geologic conditions of the slopes. Wedge failure has highest is the most frequent failure mode and falls, sheet erosions, planar failures and circular in descending order of failure percentage. Wedge failure is most dominant failure type over all lithology except quartzite formation. In slopes of well foliated and banded gneiss, failure ratio of wedge is up to 50% ca. Failure ratio(number of rock fall/number of total failure) of rock fall increases with increase fo slope inclinations and decrease of weathering grade. Dimension analyses of failed slopes shows wedge and circular failure has higher value of D/L and D/H than planar failure and sheet erosion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2018

This research was thereby made to study and analysis ecological, landscape, and stability qualities of roadside cut Slopes in expressways and national highways that went through revegetation works. Also, evaluation items and framework for integrated assessment of plant structure and restored state for the maintenance were suggested. Following is the summary of the result. firstly, for stabilization of introduced native plant species on roadside cut slops, assessment on the post-project environmental management through long-term monitoring and maintenance works must be made. It signifies a form of authentic recovery and restoration by the native plants. second, current evaluation framework on the test beds is well managed with clear evaluation standards and table while its method of assessing the post management with only test bed results lacks conformity with this study site. Newly developed evaluation framework on the post construction sites is estimated to be used as assessment standards on any roadside construction sites. Third, after site investigation distinction was observed among different revegetating construction types in the long-term perspective. Due to the different duration time of vegetation state between seed-spray measures(degraded in time) and layer-spray measure(maintained), the use of coarse straw-mat mulching work or Coir net was suggested in long term maintenance of cut slopes. forth, segmentation of post environmental assessment is organized into three large categories of "ecological", "stabile", and "landscape" qualities regarding post restoration quality and stability of slope through native plants with which categories marks 50, 30, 20 points of rates. fifth, components of the post environmental assessment were segmented in twelve categories driving results from former experimental construction and newly focused items on site. In the future, it is possible to propose a customized assessment method considering the location and location of construction work if the research on the application of post-environment assessment methods for road construction surface recording is conducted systematically.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2007

Test application of revegetation measure was made on the roadside slope damaged by Nongseo-Eomo national road improvement project in a bid to prevent the soil from being washed out as well as to restore the ecological environment, and the survey for assessment of the effect of slope revegetation measures was conducted, beginning May 11 through Nov 7, 2006. In the wake of comprehensive reviewing and evaluating the surrounding topographic environment, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, germination of revegetation plants, analysis of bio mass, covering ratio and the plants appeared, measure b was found to have been most appropriate to cut blasting rock slope, and alternatively measure c. For cut ripping rock slope, measure c-1 appeared to be effective in revegetation effect, and alternatively, b-1.When it comes to cut soil slope, measure c-2 was found to be effective, and b-2 to be a good alternative. And for embankment soil slope, measure b-3 appeared to be most efficient in revegetation effect and measure f as alternative.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2007

Test application of revegetation measure was made on the roadside slope damaged by Gimcheon-Eomo national road improvement project in a bid to prevent the soil from being washed out as well as to restore the ecological environment, and the survey for assessing the effect of slope revegetation measures was conducted, beginning Sep 7 through Sep 20, 2006. In the wake of comprehensive reviewing and evaluating the surrounding topographic environment, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, germination of revegetation plants, analysis of bio mass, covering ratio and the plants appeared, revegetation measure C was found to have been most effective and desirable for further application in the area. Viewing the specific applicability by the area, revegetation measure C and C-1 appeared to be appropriate for blasting rock slope and ripping rock slope as they are efficient in preventing the slope from being washed out and in early revegetating. And revegetation measure B deemed to be effective to blasting rock slope or ripping rock slope as an alternative. And for cut slope, vegetation measure C-2 was judged to be more effective than measure D or E, while measure C-3 would be appropriateto embankment slope.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2020

Despite the eco-friendly route plan, road slopes were collapsed due to road construction, resulting in human and property damage. To solve this problem, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs established guidelines in 2009 to conduct a test-bed for slope recording considering the conditions of the site and the ecological environment, and divided them into recording quality and economic evaluation. The following results were obtained by analyzing 183 construction methods of cut-soil sections at 60 sites from 2012 to 2018 for road slope afforestation research. Straw net+seedspray, vegetation media spray method 1T, 3T were used the most, and vegetation media spray method 3T(patent) was excellent in quality, and straw net+seedspray was excellent in economics. As a result of analyzing the market unit price and the construction unit price, vegetation media spray method submitted the construction unit price at up to 60% lower than the market unit price. As a result of the analysis of the key factors of the greening method evaluation, the economic assessment had the greatest influence on all evaluation items. Problems in the evaluation method of revegetation were first identified as problems in the allocation of points and secondly as problems in the evaluation criteria. As for the improvement of the economic assessment criteria, the method was proposed to evaluate the same method based on market unit price when the same method was constructed, and not to conduct an economic assessment if there was a difference in market unit price between methods, or to add weight to the scores. Based on the monitoring data of 60 road slopes, this study drew up problems and improvement measures. However, with regard to scoring, research on appropriate scoring is needed by examining the current status.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-96
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• 1975

수도권(首都圈)을 중심(中心)으로 한 주요(主要) 간선도로(幹線道路)(8개노선(個路線))의 비탈면 안정녹화시공지(安定綠化施工地)에 대(對)하여 기초공사(基礎工事) 및 녹화공사(綠化工事)의 실태(實態)와 시공법(施工法) 등(等)을 조사(調査) 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하여, 비탈면 조경녹화사방공법(造景綠化砂防工法)의 기술개발(技術開發) 및 정용공법(適用工法) 기준설정(基準設定)에 필요(必要)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고저 본(本) 연구(硏究)가 수해(遂行)되었으며, 그 결과(結果)는 대체(大體)로 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 비탈면의 주요(主要) 특성(特性) : 8개노선상(個路線上)에서 총(總) 100개소(個所)의 시공(施工)비탈면에서 특수(特殊)한 처리(處理)가 요망(要望)되는 비탈면은 초장대(超長大) 비탈면 23%, 용수(湧水)비탈면 29%, 암석(岩石) 및 사력질(砂礫質) 96%로 분석(分析)되었다. 2. 기초공사(基礎工事)의 적합성(適合性) : 기초공사(基礎工事)가 부적절(不適切)하다고 분석(分析)된 공법별(工法別) 비탈면수는 비탈다듬기공사(工事)에서 42%, 단끊기공사(工事)에서 41%. 소단공사(小段工事)에서 40%로 이들 비탈면에 대(對)해서는 보수(補修) 또는 재시공(再施工)이 요구(要求)된다. 3. 배수시설(排水施設)의 적합성(適合性) : 돌림수로공사(工事)가 잘 된 개소(個所)가 41%. 불충분(不充分) 또는 요보수개소(要補修個所)가 48%, 시공(施工)되지 않은 개소(個所)가 11% 이었으며, 또 표면배수로시공(表面排水路施工)이 불충분(不充分)한 개소(個所)도 50% 로서 일반적(一般的)으로 배수로시공(排水路施工)에 소홀하였다. 4. 조경녹화사방공법(造景綠化砂防工法) : 식생공법(植生工法)에 의한 처리개소(處理個所) 31%에 비하여 인공재(人工材)에 의한 개소(個所)는 69% 이었다. 식생공법(植生工法)에 의한 주요(主要) 공종(工種)은 선떼붙이기 및 떼단쌓기, 인공재(人工材)에 의(依)한 주요(主要) 공종(工種)은 힘줄박기, 격자틀 붙이기, 블럭쌓기, 시멘트모르타르뿜어붙이기 등(等)이었다. 5. 사방시설물관리(砂防施設物管理) : 요보수개소(要補修個所) 48%, 요재시공개수(要再施工個所) 9%이었다. 시공(施工)비탈면에서 누강침식개소(淚溝浸蝕個所) 13%, 비탈면붕괴개소(崩壞個所) 10%이었으며 비탈면 녹화율(綠化率)이 50% 이하(以下) 개소(個所)가 29%나 되었다. 6. 경관(京觀) 효과(効果) : 비탈면 전체(全體)의 경관효과(京觀効果)에 있어서 우수개소(優秀個所) 19%, 보통(普通)인 개소(個所) 37%, 그리고 불량(不良)한 개소(個所)가 44%로 분석(分析)되었다. 7. 조경녹화사방공법(造景綠化砂防工法)의 시공(施工) 대상(對象)비탈면의 특성(特性)에 따른 분류((分類)를 하고, 또한 공법(工法)과 공종(工種) 분류(分類)가 이루어졌다(표(表)10, 11). 8. 비탈면안정녹화공법(安定綠化工法)의 경관적(景觀的) 처리(處理)에 관(關)한 시공기술문제(施工技術問題)가 검토(檢討)되었으며, 또 적용공법기준설정(適用工法基準設定)을 위(爲)한 기초요인분석(基礎要因分析)이 이루어 졌다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2018

This study aims to present accurate soil modeling and validation of a single roadside guardrail post as well as a single concrete pile installed near cut slopes or compacted sloping embankment. The conventional Winkler's elastic spring model and p-y curve approach for horizontal ground cannot directly be applied to sloping ground where ultimate soil resistance is significantly dependent on ground inclination. In this study, both grid-based 3-D FE model and particle-based SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) model available in LS-DYNA have been adopted to predict the static behavior of a laterally loaded guardrail post. The SPH model has potential to eliminate any artificial soil stiffness due to the deterioration of the node-connected Lagrangian soil mesh. For this purpose, this study comprises two parts. Firstly, only 3-D FE modeling has been tested to show the numerical validity for a single concrete pile in sloping ground using Mohr-Coulomb material. However, this material option cannot be implemented for SPH elements. Nevertheless, Mohr-Coulomb model has been used since this material model requires six input soil data that can be obtained from the comparative papers in literatures. Secondly, this work is extended to compute the lateral resistance of a guardrail post located near the slope using the hybrid approach that combines Lagrange FE elements and SPH elements by the suitable node-merging option provided by LS-DYNA. For this analysis, the FHWA soil material developed for application to road-base soils has been used and also allows the application of SPH element.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5115-5122
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• 2013

본 논문은 급경사지(산사태 및 사면붕괴, 축대 등)붕괴 등으로 인하여 많은 생명과 재산피해 방지를 목적으로 붕괴 위험성을 감지하고 신속히 대응을 할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 u-IT기반의 급경사지 붕괴예측 감시용 실시간 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 급경사지붕괴 감시에 중요한 계측기로서 강우량 계측기, 간극수압 계측기, 지표변위 계측기, 지중경사 계측기, 함수비계측기, 영상분석 계측기 등을 선정하고 테스트베드에 적용하였다. 각 계측기의 신뢰성 검증에 필요한 동작기능 및 성능확인은 현장에 설치된 계측기 별로 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 급경사지붕괴 감지를 위한 USN기반의 실시간 급경사지 모니터링 시스템을 급경사지 붕괴감지뿐만 아니라 도로변 절개사면과 암반사면 등에 상시계측을 통하여 붕괴위험 예측에도 적용할 수 있으므로 인명피해와 재산피해를 최소할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이 시스템은 본 연구의 시범적용 결과를 바탕으로 급경사지 전역에 확산될 계획에 있다.