• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2015

Old growth and protected-trees are worth history and culturally in Korea. This research carried out to investigate habitat characterization and the vegetative propagation methods of Salix chaenomeloides(100-600 years old trees) in Gyeongsangnamdo Province. It has been preserved in good and grow naturally in area surrounding village(4 trees), riverside(1 tree) and field(1 tree). Cutting from old growth and protected trees was conducted using 10 kinds of bedsoils. It was survived above 93% in all bedsoils. Growth of cuttings is a distinct difference according to bedsoils and tree ages. Growth of cutting was high on CBS, followed mixed bedsoils(VPMP) including vermiculite, peatmoss and perlite. Root collar diameter was difference depend on tree ages and bedsoils. All trees are produced 1 to 4 branch. Root growth of cutting was 20 cm on CBS and VPMP, which is the best shoot growing on cutting. Bedsoil with physico-chemical characteristics of high moisturizing ability, high air permeability, high EC value and slightly acid may be suitable for efficiently cutting propagation of old growth and protected S. chaenomeloides. CBS and VPMP bedsoil are favorable for propagating this species by cuttings.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential buyers' consciousness of single-family housing to provide useful data to help future single-family housing supplies in Ulsan. The study selected residents in Ulsan, who were over twenty and had an interest in living in a single-family housing. A survey was conducted from September 11, 2008 to September 25, 2008. The sample consisted of 364 persons who are currently live in Ulsan metropolitan area. The results are as following. About two thirds of the sample had the desire to live in a single-family housing. Moving into a single-family housing had financial preparation as the greatest issue. When moving into a single-family housing, the convenience of the residential district was the greatest consideration, whether or not it is a green environment, pollution level, etc. The potential buyers valued environment-friendly features and also had a very strong desire to own their own house. Many of them wanted to design and build their own single-family housing within a budget of 100-200 million KRW. In terms of the location, there was a higher preference for the riverside or lakeside rural areas outside the city. In terms of size, the preference was less than $330m^2$, which includes $99-132m^2$ for residential. When considering a single-family housing the direction was the most important feature, along with eco-friendly and safer materials and equipments. When building the single-family housing the potential buyers considered the community spaces first with a preference for having three bedrooms and two bathrooms. For the exterior, they wanted a unique shape of roof and there were high preferences for brown and beige colors. In terms of housing complexes, the potential buyers preferred individual unit types over complexes. If they preferred housing complexes, they wanted the cluster form complex with about 10-30 units. The complex also required a park-like setting with a guard system, which shows that convenience and safety were the most important features. In terms of complex management, they considered environmental management as the most important feature. The potential buyers were willing to pay belw 200,000 KRW, which showed their desire to minimize financial burdens.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.457-474
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• 2003

This study aims to elucidate characteristics of groundwater level fluctuation at riverbank filtration sites in Daesan-myeon, Changwon City. Groundwater level fluctuation, river water level change and stream-aquifer interaction are very important to estimate optimal discharge rate of the pumping well. Water level contours from February 2003 to October 2003 show normal decreasing trend toward the Nakdong river with the hydraulic gradient of 0.008. However, flow reversion occurs when groundwater is discharged at the pumping wells or rise of the Nakdong river by rainfall. The fluctuation of the Nakdong river ranges 0 - 10 m msl. Autocorrelation analysis was conducted to the groundwater levels measured on the six monitoring wells (DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS6 and DS7). The analyzed waterlevel data can be grouped into three: group 1 (DS1 and DS3) represents strong linearity and long memory effect, group 2 (DS1 and DS6) intermediate linearity and memory, and group 3 (DS4 and DS7) weak linearity and memory. Waterlevels of group 1 wells are relatively closely related to the change of river-water level. Those of group 2 wells are largely affected by the pumping and the river-water level, and those of group 3 wells are strongly linked to pumping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-154
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• 2012

This study was launched to verify the effective composition of plant species and its management program most suited for the dredged soiled area near Nakdong River Site 14. The improvement methods of planting base and the composition of plants such as silver grass, reed, and some colonies in aesthetic effect were studied. To search the management methods to decrease the confining pressure risen from the burried seeds which would consequently harm the previously seeded plants, experimental construction process was measured on the site. The purpose of this experiment was to figure out which part of the improvement on the plant base has the most significant effect for the revegetation of infertile, dredged soil, to verify the easily seeded, developing plants among seeded plants, and finally, to find the restoration model using plants near the dredged soil around riverside. 8 seeded plants and 23 invaded species were appeared which among the emerged plants, development of Aster yomena MAKINO, Lotus corniculatus var. japonica Regel, Trifolium repens L, and Dianthus longicalyx Miq were proved to be brought up well. Difference risen from the seed composition were not noticeable until 150day since the germination was proceeded mainly by Aster yomena MAKINO. The experimental plot with dredging sand+organic fertilizer method of construction and dredging sand+soil conditioner method showed most development while the effect of the plot with only the soil base of dredging sand stayed low. Another important method for the management of infertile, dredged soil base would be the removal of disturbing species which the experiment showed the tied relationship between the removal of disturbing species and development of seeding plants. Although this study was carried out focused on the Nakdong River Project, the study suggests the general management program that the removal of disturbing species such as Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc. and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in times around rainy season(60days after seedling) would be effective for the easy growth of revegetation plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was performed for the purpose of reviewing the strategic management direction and ideas of the policy for Seoul City's Hangang Renaissance. In order to accomplish this, levels were established for each step of the policy and the policy priority by level was derived. The policy priority by level was analyzed by a decision making model through the Analytic Network Process(ANP) and the priority would be the standard to judge the order of priority. The analysis results showed that there was not a big difference between the priorities of two basic concepts: restoration and creation. The fourth level, detail plan of the third level, showed priority that development by type for waterside city in case of reorganizing city space and diversification of land utilization, utilization of riverside space in water front town for public and composit purpose, establishment of comprehensive plan on constructions in case of improving the landscape of Hangang and unified design plan rose to important element in case of forming Hangang park with the me. Based on the results of priority analysis, we would like to propose for the direction about the policy on Hangang Renaissance project, the policies forming Hangang Park with theme through unified design plan and reorganizing city space have to be proceed preferentially and connected with other plans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to expand a prospect of a few-remaining Byeolseo scenic sites of Gangwon-do(Province) through determining placeness formation, prospect characteristics, and landscape meanings of Gumi(Nine beauties) and Sipalgyung(18 scenic views) in Gumijeongsa. Gumijeongsa, which is located in a riverside of the Goljicheon(stream), a part of upstream of Namhangang, is the oldest existing Nujung architecture in the Jeongseon area. This study tried to unearth the Gumijonegsa's locational and formational characteristics through literature review and a field survey. Especially, through the field survey, this study tried to figure out the landscape meanings and contents of Gumi and Sipalgyung by Gumijeongsa's position and its prospect compositions. As a result of this study, Gumi and Sipalgyung of Gumijeongsa are variations of typical traditional culture of Gugok(Nine river bends) and Palgyung(Eight scenic views). Ja Lee, the founder, administrated Gumijeongsa as a core residence of Gugok culture. He established beautiful nine viewpoints from the building, named Gumi, and added 18 detailed landscapes(two landscapes for one beauties), instead of establishing nine river bends of the stream. The Gumi and Sipalgyung are formed by reflection of beautiful locational characteristics from the views in Gumijeongsa, thus the Gumi is the concept which is a unique variation of Gugok and Palgyung culture.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2018

Groynes are installed generally to protect the riverside or the river bank from the erosion caused by water flows by controlling the flow direction and velocity in rivers. In the past, groynes were used to secure enough depth of water in canals. As there has been a growing interest in river restoration and the natural river maintenance since 2000, groynes are proposed as a major environmental hydraulic structure because the flow control and various river bed conditions around the groyne can contribute to habitat functions. Groynes are typically installed in a series. In designing groyne series, groyne spacing is an important factor because the flow changes in the main canal and the flow inside the groyne area occurs variably depending on the groyne spacing. This study provide information to determine the groyne spacing suitable for the purpose of the groyne by examining the flows that variably changes according to the groyne spacing and angle in the recirculation zone of the groyne field. In particular, the formation of vortex, the location of vortex core and the water flow near the river bank, all of which occur in the recirculation zone inside the groyne area, were mainly analyzed to examine the flow characteristics near the river bank that influences the safety of the river bank area. The results of the experiment will serve as important basic data to examine changes in the river bed inside the groyne area as well as the safety of river banks following the installation of groyne series.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat types of prickly lettuce, Lactuca scariola of Europe origin for supplying the basic data of management plan. It showed fairly nation-wide distribution although excessive growth was rather limited in the wild. Its habitat types were divided into four types like open fields, roadsides, seashores and riversides. Species diversity examined by species rank-dominance curve tended to increase over riverside > seashores > open fields > roadsides. As a result of analyzing life form, therophytes were more than 50%, means that the habitats of L. scariola were disturbed by human activities etc. Urbanization Index was analyzed 9.1% in roadsides, 7.4% in seashores, 5.8% in open fields and riversides. It has high spread potential with a large number of wind-flying seed per plant. It was evaluated that prickly lettuce was mainly spread along the newly constructed road, expressway and invaded the original ecosystem in the cultivated land as weeds. But it has played a role as a pioneer species in open fields. It is recommended to remove where it has considerable impact on the native plant species of conservation value.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.294-294
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• 2019

The system for predicting flood of river at Flood Control Office is made up of a rainfall-runoff model and FLDWAV model. This system is mainly operating to predict the excess of the flood watch or warning level at flood forecast points. As the demand for information of the management and operation of riverside, which is being used as a waterfront area such as parks, camping sites, and bike paths, high-level forecasts of watch and warning at certain points are required as well as production of lowland flood forecast information that is used as a waterfront within the river. In this study, a technology to produce flood forecast information in lowland areas of the river used as a waterfront was developed. Based on the results of the 1D hydraulic analysis, a model for performing spatial operations based on high resolution grid was constructed. A model was constructed for Andong district, and the inundation conditions and level were analyzed through a virtual outflow scenarios of Andong and Imha Dam.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

Urban areas can often suffer flood damage because of the more frequent catastrophic rainfall events from climate change. Flood mitigation measures consist of (1) structural and (2) non-structural measures. In this study, the proposed method focused on operating an urban drainage system among non-structural measures. The combined inland-river operation technique estimates the inflow of pump stations based on the water level obtained from a preselected monitoring point, and the pump station expels the stored rainwater to the riverside based on those estimates. In this study, the proposed method was applied to the Mokgam drainage watershed, where catastrophic rainfall events occurred (i.e., 2010- and 2011-years), and severe flood damage was recorded in Seoul. Using the proposed method, the efficiency of flood reduction from the two rainfall events was reduced by 34.9 % and 54.4 %, respectively, compared to the current operation method. Thus, the proposed method can minimize the flood damage in the Mokgam drainage watershed by reserving the additional storage space of a reservoir. In addition, flooding from catastrophic rainfall can be prevented, and citizens' lives and property in urban areas can be protected.