• 복식
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

Jongga means a head family by only first son's line of each generation. It is our culture's root and identity. It also includes ritual for continuing filial duty. Ritual takes the main role on jongga culture to pay respects to Jongga's ancestors and roots. Therefore, ritual costume's importance can not be neglected. We will check a Po mainly for Jongga ritual costumes' types and designs to refind Jonggas identity and its meaning. In this research, areas are divided to Gyoungsang by Youngnam sect and Jeonla by Kiho sect. Geochang, Andong in Gyoungsang province and Haenam, Namwon, Youngkwang in Jeonla province where currently first sons of Jongga reside have been researched. The method is based on Books and visits on the places. Ritual costumes' types and designs are different between Gyoungsang and Jeonla. Firstly, now in Jongga, only a Dopo and a Durumagi are worn while the manner book shows a Danryoung, a Jikryoung, a Dopo and a Simu. Also costumes are variable on areas. Secondly, a Po is characterized by its sleeve and back-line's inside skirt. In a Po, Gyoungsang has a Duri sleeve and Jeonla has a Duri sleeve which has been changed from a Dunggun sleeve. While Gyoungsang has rectangle-shaped two pieces cloths and a split in a bottom, Jeonla has both a Mu with a split back and a complete split back in back-line's inside skirt. It seems that Youngnam sect's fundamentalism and Kiho sect's flexibility about culture of old political groups would have influenced on these patterns.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.441-483
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• 2021

동발[바라]의 유입과정은 인도를 거쳐 중국을 통해 전승된 불교와 맥을 같이 한다. 따라서 인도와 중국불교 속의 동발의 기록을 추적하고, 특히 경전에 수록된 동발과 한국불교 의식문에 수록된 동발의 기능과 활용방법, 전개된 바라무의 성격 등에 대해 살펴보았다. 동발이 기록된 경전 중 번역시기가 가장 이른 경전은 『묘법연화경』(406년)이며, 경전에 수록된 바라는 대부분 동발(銅鈸)이라 표기되었고, 의식 진행 시 법구(法具)로 사용되었거나, 기악공양물, 장엄물(莊嚴物)로 사용되었다. 한국에서 동발이 사용된 것을 확인할 수 있는 가장 오래된 기록은 일본 『서대사자재류기장』(780년)이며, 현재 보존된 유물 중 동발류의 악기가 등장한 최고(最古)시기는 통일신라 초기로, 682년 조성된 감은사 사리함이다. 이 유물로 보아 늦어도 7세기경 사찰에서 동발이 사용되었다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 청규와 의식문에 수록된 동발(銅鈸)의 기록은 명발(鳴鈸)과 동발(動鈸)로 구분된다. 명발의 '명(鳴)'은 소리를 내는 것으로, 바라를 부딪쳐서 울려주는 것을 말한다. 이러한 명발은 정립(定立)된 규칙이나 방법이 있었던 것을 확인할 수 있다. 동발(動鈸)은 움직임, 동작을 뜻하므로 바라무를 말하는 것으로 보인다. 이와 같이 바라를 울려 소리를 내었던 명발의 개념에 동작이 덧붙여져 동발(動鈸)이 되고, 현재 전승되고 있는 바라무로 발전된 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 한국불교의례에서 전승되고 있는 바라무는 7종이 있으며, 그 성격에 따라 정화의식(淨化儀式), 소청의식(召請儀式), 옹호의식(擁護儀式), 권공의식(勸供儀式), 관욕의식(灌浴儀式), 화의의식(化衣儀式), 기경의식(起經儀式), 찬탄의식(讚歎儀式) 등으로 분류할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.204-221
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• 2021

The morning ritual was a rite whereby a morning audience with the emperor was held for feudal lords sovereigns and subjects living in the precincts, monarchs or foreign envoys of the outskirts of the capital, and other ethnic group. Distinction between the main and subordinate rituals, changes in the ceremony according to the times, and the position or rank of those participating in the rite, were factors that directly affected the costumes worn for ritual. Accordingly, in this paper, the costumes worn by members of the Ming dynasty (emperor, prince imperial, prince) were examined in terms of the period and detailed ceremonies with a focus on the morning ritual and costume systems presented in the official historical records. Through this study, only Mian-fu (冕服) and Pi-bian-fu (皮弁服) were defined by the costume system ase costumes worn in the morning ritual. However, through comparative analysis with the morning ritual system, it was confirmed that Tongtian-guan-fu (通天冠服), Yishan-guan-fu (翼善冠服), and Bianfu (便服: slightly casual wear) were also worn. It is worth noting that the color of Gunlong-pao (袞龍袍) was differentiated according to status; the Emperor wore yellow, the Prince Imperial and lower levels wore red, which was the traditional perception of academia. However, following confirmation of the custom costume for the morning ritual, it was confirmed that the color of this differentiation appeared during the 3rd year of Emperor Yongle of Ming (1305). Previously five traditional colors (blue, red, yellow, white, and black) were used for the season.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.177-201
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• 2011

The Lord of Mayan society was a person who was thought to be able to understand phenomena in the universe. And also the Lord could realize these activities of heaven on Earth through ritual. But the manifested ritual function of lordship was very different depends on Classic and Postclassic period. The Classic Mayan rituals were closely related to personal dignity, specially royal blood tradition meanwhile the Postclassic Mayans focused on public function of ritual. The ritual sacrifices of blood letting from their own body, manifested in Yaxchilan Lintel 24, 25 and 17, were focused on royal family's activity, showing the dignity of royal blood. The same ritual about the birth of family successor was observed at the Structure 5C4 from Postclassic ruin of Chichen Itza. However, this scene in focus, was two representative men and the answer of ancestor, not a special person. Also at the Lintel 1 of Temple of Four Lintels it was observed names of four Lords of Chichen Itza, their relationship, their action of firing to dedicate temple instead of writing long history of great royal family. All above shows that during Postclassic period the lords preferred a public function of their lordship than to dignify some royal persons through ritual.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.509-547
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• 2019

조선 초기부터 행해진 양잠 관련 국가의례는 의식주의 '의(衣)문화'로서 '입을 거리'를 중요시 여기던 국가의 의지를 드러내는 의례로 자리매김 되었다. 성종 대에는 '왕비가 직접 뽕잎을 따는 절차'를 추가하여 그 중요도를 높였다. 영조 대에는 의례의 의미가 더 확대되어 왕비가 양잠신에 직접 제사하는 '작헌례' 절차를 더하여 '여성'이 '여성신격(神格)'에 직접 제사를 올리는 최초의 의례로 자리하게 되어 조선시대 국가제사의 새로운 형태가 출현하였다. 이는 영조가 선농제를 행한 후 직접 밭을 가는 친경의례와 위상을 맞춘 것으로서 농사와 양잠행위의 중요성을 아울러 부각시킨 것이기도 하다. 그 결과 영조 대에 정비된 친잠 관련 의례는 그 내용이 확대되어 11가지 의례로 정착된다. 이는 의례를 행하러 가기 위한 출궁 절차부터 왕세손, 혜빈궁이 왕비를 수행하는 절차, 왕비가 작헌례를 올린 후 친잠하는 의례, 왕이 교서를 반포하는 의례, 친잠을 마친 후 행하는 조현의(朝見儀), 왕비가 누에고치를 담은 상자를 받는 의례까지이다. 이러한 의례는 그 이전에 행해지던 것과 비교하면 매우 큰 규모로 확대된 것으로서 이는 영조 대 의례 정비 양상의 한 특징을 이룬다. 이들 의례의 주요 절차에는 음악이 수반되며 그 음악은 속악, 그리고 고취(鼓吹) 등을 포함한다. 영조 대의 친잠 관련 의례는 선잠제의 신격인 여성을 여성이 직접 제사하는 의례로 정착시키는 방향으로 제정됨으로서 그 명분과 실제가 비로소 일치하게 되었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discuss the mythic qualities of television culture. The basic assumption for the study is that to enrich our understanding of television culture in terms of its mythic qualities will be helpful to those who are interested in the production and the studies of television contents in developing their creative ideas. The study discusses the theoretical conceptions of myth and ritual and their applicability to the study of television culture from the multi-disciplinary perspective. So, it deals with significant theoretical works by a number of great contemporary social or cultural thinkers including Carey, Cassirer, Durkheim, van Gennep, Turner, and Eliade. After all, the result of the study identifies three key features of mythic qualities of television culture including 'commonsensicalness,' 'emotionalness,' and 'mediatorialness.'

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 1999

This paper makes a report of Shaman\`s ritual performed among Korean resiednts in Japan as socio-historical facts, and this also examines the symbolic meanings of Shamans\` costumes. The results are as follows ; 1) At the ritual of Jungsip-Wang Maji, Shamans wear Gwandae, Kunbok, Jangsam, Durumaki, and Chima-jugori. These costumes show that their wearers are priests and gods at the same time. 2) The reason why Simbang performs the ritual in different costumes at different Jaechas is that each object-god needs different costumes to represent its different character. 3) Shamans\` instruments consist of musical instruments and other instruments. Among the musical instruments are such percussions as Buk, Jing, Janggo and Sulsae. Among other insttruments are Sindo, Sanban and Yoryung. 4)Shamans think that the musical instruments have magic powers to drive out minor demons and invite gods. Sindo, Sanban and Yoryung are thought to be the symbolic instruments representing god\`s will.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.286-299
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• 2016

This study analyzed trends and contents of ancestral ritual foods of Korean traditional Jong-ga as a domestic thesis. In searching the keywords related to ancestral ritual foods using a thesis search site, a total of 15 theses in seven journals were selected for analysis. Three theses from 1996 to 1999, six theses from 2005 to 2008, and another six theses from 2012 to 2016 were announced. In measuring frequency by dividing case families analyzed in the thesis into region, there were 83 families, including seven families from Gyeonggi (8.4%), seven families from Chungcheong (8.4%), two families from Honam (2.4%), and 67 families from Yeongnam (80.8%). Fifty-four families out of 67 families from Yeongnam were located in Andong-si, occupying 65.1% of the 83 families. The family showing the highest frequency was 'Seoae Jong-ga' (12 times). The family clan with the highest frequency was eight families of the 'Jinseong Lee clan' In the future, it would be necessary to understand the research flow through analysis of research trends in ancestral ritual foods of Jong-ga as well as interdisciplinary research and methodological diversification of studies on ancestral ritual foods of Jong-ga.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.502-544
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• 2015

This study researched a document regarding 'Pyeon (tteok)' on 25 Jong-ga ancestral ritual foods through "Jong-ga Ancestral ritual formalities and food", published during 2003~2008 by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of Cultural Heritage Administration. A after about 10 years, the transmission process of the setting and recipe was compared and analyzed in 2015 by directly visiting 4 Jong-ga. This research classified regions into 7 Gyeonggi, 4 Chungcheong, 2 Honam, and 12 Yeongnam, and classified hakpa, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Honam region into 13 Gihohakpa, Yeongnam region into 12 Yeongnamhakpa. The important analysis standard of Jong-ga ancestral ritual food was the region and hakpa, which appeared to considerably influence 'Pyeon' setting style, which represents and symbolizes family and recipe. Gihohakpa Jong-ga, which is an academic tradition that pursues practical interests, seems to highly regard practicality to adapt to changes along with the period. On the contrary, Yeongnamhakpa Jong-ga, which highly regards self-sufficiency living base and moral justification, seems to be highly conservative. Increase in Jong-ga, which utilizes mill, is the result of adaptation to the period environment such as Jongbu aging and lack of labor, etc.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.107-129
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• 2016

이 글은 부여에서 해마다 열리는 백제문화재에서 설행된 부여 백제수륙재의 전통과 역사를 살핀 글이다. 부여는 과거부터 수륙재의 여러 의례집이 간행된 곳이고, 부여 무량사를 중심으로 하여 범패 교육이 이루어지기도 했다. 이러한 전통을 바탕으로 하여 60년 전부터 백제의 고혼을 위로하고 삼천궁녀들을 위무하기 위해 백제문화재가 거행되면서 수륙재가 함께 시작되었다. 특히 다른 지역의 수륙재와 달리 강상에서 행해지는 수륙재라는 특징이 있다. 의례집이 여러 차례 간행되었고, 독자적인 범패 교육까지 이루어진 부여 지역은 수륙재가 오랫 동안 전승된 것으로 추정한다. 그러한 역사적 전통이 있었기 때문에 백제문화제가 거행되면서 위무의식으로 수륙재가 봉행된 것이다. 아울러 부여 백제수륙재는 독특한 특징도 가지고 있다. 주민들의 자발적인 발의로 시작된 부여 백제수륙재는 현존하는 유일의 수상수륙재로 위상을 보여주고 있으며, 재차 구성을 넘어서서 재차를 연행하는 장소의 변화에 따라 상당한 의미가 있음을 보여준다. 60년의 뚜렷한 역사를 가지고 있으면서, 전통성과 지역성, 역사성을 가지고 있는 것이 부여 백제수륙재이다.