• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.267-287
• /
• 2013

As the online bookstore market has been saturated and the level of competition has become more intense, maintaining competitive advantage by mitigating consumers' perceived risks can be considered as one of good alternative strategies a company should use. Although studies that identify the types of consumers' perceived risks in the context of online bookstores as well as validate the relationships between perceived risk and its antecedent/consequent factors in an integrated manner are strongly required, there has been less attention paid to these matters. Therefore, based on previous literature, we identify five types of perceived risks (financial, performance, online payment, delivery, and seller's response risk) and validate the impacts of online bookstore specific characteristics and user specific characteristics on perceived risk. In addition, we also verify causal relationship between perceived risk and intention to use online bookstores. The results of PLS test using 108 samples collected from undergraduate and graduate students confirm that perceived risk has a negative impact on intention to use and four antecedents (reputation, service quality, self-efficacy, and user experience) are significantly related to perceived risk.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2013

This article aimed to introduce 'risk sharing' schemes for pharmaceuticals between drug manufacturers and healthcare payer. Published literature review was undertaken to summarize risk sharing concepts and collect information on existing scheme examples in other countries focusing on new anticancer drugs. Risk sharing schemes could be categorized into health outcomes-based and non-outcomes (financial) based ones. Outcome-based schemes could be broken down into performance-linked reimbursement and conditional coverage. Performance-linked reimbursement can be further broken into outcomes guarantee and pattern or process of care and conditional coverage included coverage with evidence development and conditional treatment continuation schemes. Non-outcome based schemes included market share and price volume at population level, and utilization caps and manufacturer funded treatment initiation at patient level. We reviewed the fifteen examples for anticancer drugs that risk sharing agreements in response to the inherent uncertainties and increased costs of eleven anticancer drugs. Of them, eight cases were coverage with evidence development schemes. The anticancer drugs except bevacizumab and cetuximab were all listed on the national health insurance formulary in Korea, with reimbursement criteria defined on the basis of approved indications and administrations. Risk sharing approach may be a useful tool to ensure values for drug expenditure, but there are a number of concerns such as high administration costs, lack of transparency and conflicts of interest, especially for performance-based health outcomes reimbursement schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1349-1364
• /
• 2006

An analytic approach that provides explicit estimates of risk on cataract and epilation data is evaluated by reasonableness of conceivable relative risk models regarding a simple, odds, logistic or Gompertz regression method, assuming a binomial distribution. In these analyses, we apply relative risk models with two thresholds between epilators and nonepilators from a highly characteristic lesion of which radiation cataract does not occur around 2 gray for a single acute exposure. The risk models are fitted to the data assuming 10 as a constant relative biological effectiveness of neutron. The likelihood of observing the entire data set in these models fitted is evaluated by an individual binary-response array. Estimation of a threshold with or without severe epilation and the 100 ($1-\alpha$)% confidence limits are derived from the maximum likelihood approach. The relative risk model with two thresholds can be expressed as a formula with structure of Background $\times$ RR, where RR includes threshold models with or without epilation. The radiosensitivity of ionizing radiation to cataracts has been examined for the relationship between epilators and nonepilators.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2016

Usually, a risk can be expressed as a product of likelihood and consequence of a hazard factor. Therefore, conventional risk assessment is carried out by frequency analysis and severity analysis, in turns. However, it is well known that intuitive thinking is another excellent way of thinking of human beings. This study aimed to confirm whether there exist any difference in risk assessment results derived by two different procedures - intuitive and analytical. Thus, the present study showed 10 different illustrations to 30 undergraduate students. Their responses were organized as fuzzy membership functions, and summarized as risk assessments, and compared. The results were also verified with the help of statistical hypothesis testing, which showed no significant difference. On the contrary, however, similarity measure used in fuzzy set theory was not credible as anticipated. Many cases failed to satisfy statistical hypothesis even with similarity measure higher than 0.60 so that only a trend could be accepted. In addition, a subject showed a somewhat consistent logical discrepancy in his response, which implied the necessity of sincere analysis in fuzzy formulations.

• 한국연초학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연초학회 1997년도 담배과학 국제학술대회
• /
• pp.30-78
• /
• 1997

비흡연자가 환경중의 담배연기를 흡입하게 되면 폐암유발 위험성을 증대시킨다는 주장이 미국, 유럽, 일본 그리고 몇몇 아시아 국가에서 제기되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 한국에서 이러한 잠재위험성의 사실여부를 판단하는데 이용될 수 있는 현재까지의 과학적 근거를 제시하고 그에 대하여 토의하고자 한다. 잠재위험성의 성격, 환경중의 담배연기량에 대한 반응과 관련된 자료, 그리고 환경중 담배연기에 대한 실제적인 노출형태를 구분할 수 있는 자료 등이 토의된다. 잠재위험성에 대한 최종적인 판단은 한국의 공중보건정책의 기초로서 잠재위험성의 평가임무와 관련된 자격을 갖춘 사람들에게 맏겨질 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2001

최근 국내 건설업계는 건설경기 침체, 해외건설 수주부진, 치 열한 경쟁 등 어려운 상황에 직면한 실정인데 이에 본 연구에서는 효과적인 리스크관리 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 효과적인 리스크관리와 성공적인 사업관리를 수행하기 위하여 국내 상위 건설회사를 모집단으로 한 설문조사를 실시하여 건설관리에 의한 리스크인자와 리스크관리에 의한 리스크인자를 검정하여 리스크인자를 분석하고 미리 예측하여 원인을 분석하여 대응$\cdot$제어하면 리스크인자를 경감하게 되어 공사비, 공기, 품질을 향상시켜 양질의 건설공사를 수행 할 수 있게 하는 방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.2323-2328
• /
• 2014

Background: Epidemiological findings are controversial relating to the relationship between dietary folate intake and the risk of breast cancer. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to clarify this association. Materials and Methods: PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched for all relevant literature published in English from January 1, 1966 to August 2013. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Results: Dietary folate intake was not significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. The combined RR with 95%CI for the highest vs. lowest category dietary intake of folate [fifteen studies; 1,836,566 participants and 24,083 patients with breast cancer] was 0.98 (0.90-1.05). Among subgroup analysis by menstrual status, hormonal status and the consumption of alcohol, methionine and vitamin B12, no significant association was observed for the dietary intake of folate and the risk of breast cancer. Dose-response analysis showed that a 220 ${\mu}g/day$ increment in dietary folate intake was not associated with the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that dietary folate intake has no significant effect on the risk of breast cancer.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2005

화학 산업시설은 위험 물질을 대규모로 취급하기 때문에 사고 발생 시 사업장 근로자뿐만 아니라 사업장 주변의 주민들에게까지 피해를 끼칠 수 있다. 이러한 대형사고를 효과적으로 제어하고 대응하기 위해서 국내 화학산업단지의 위험성을 객관적으로 수치화하여 묘사할 수 있는 위험도 표현 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사업장별 위험도를 전자 지도 망에 표기하여 실제 위험성을 파악하고 파악된 위험성을 감소시킬 수 있는 대책을 강구 할 수 있도록 위험도 표현 시스템(S/W)을 개발하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2008

As a part of the project on road tunnel fire safety system development, Quantitative Risk Assessment program was developed. In this study, We carried out Quantitative Risk Assessment with this program by using a factor of cross passage interval, warning announcement time and congestion ratio etc for 1km tunnel with natural ventilation. In the case of 250m below of cross passage interval, Risk value due to warning announcement time was a slightly changed. but if cross passage interval is more than 250m, expected fatalities in the same HRR(heat release rate) was sharp increased. As a result, Quantitative Risk Assessment program which was developed in this research project is possible to risk assessment with ventilation type, cross passage for evacuation and detection system response property etc. hereafter, this program look forward to use as a tool for road tunnel performance based design.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2021

Wildfires have become increasingly common and intense in South Korea because of climate change, but few have recognized the catastrophic level of the problem. Given the significant impact of wildfires, emergency management stakeholders must have effective risk communication structures for rapidly responding to such phenomena and overcoming geographical difficulties. Despite the country spending billions of dollars to build a big databased early warning system, risk communication flow during the 2017 Gangneung wildfire was ineffective, thereby causing substantial economic, social, and environmental losses. To examine the patterns of information exchange in South Korea's risk communication networks and their structural characteristics during the wildfire, we conducted semantic and network analyses of real-time data collected from social media. The results showed that the inefficient flow of risk information prevented emergency responders from adequately assessing the emergency and protecting the population. This study provides new insights into effective risk communication responses to catastrophic events and methods of research on webometric approaches to emergency management.