• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.549-562
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• 2023

The current society is in the VUCA era, where various risks produced by humans are spread along with the development of science and technology. There is a need to increase the level of risk literacy of citizens to strengthen their daily preparedness to respond to these risks. For this on, it is necessary to reconsider the role of science education so that risks can be perceived and responded to scientifically and objectively. Accordingly, in order to investigate the role of science education in a risk society, this study reviewed the history of risk perception and response related to science and analyzed its characteristics. In this process, perception and response to risks arising from blood pressure were analyzed in three contexts (historical context, curriculum context, textbook context). For historical context, journals registered in SCIE were selected as research subjects among journals where research related to the history of knowledge of the heart and cardiovascular system was conducted. Papers with the keywords 'hypertension' and 'history' were selected from the journals, and changes in perception and responses related to blood pressure were compared and analyzed by period. The curriculum context is analyzed from the 1st national curriculum to the 2022 revised curriculum, and content elements and achievement standard related to blood pressure were compared and analyzed. It was confirmed that risks arising from blood pressure were not included from the 1st to the 6th national curriculum, and that risks arising from blood pressure were included from the 7th national curriculum (excluding the 2009 revised curriculum). For the textbook context, the 7th national curriculum BiologyⅠ, the 2015 revised curriculum Life ScienceⅠ, and Health were selected, and through text mining, keywords that representing curriculums and textbooks were selected, and the presentation of risk perception and response was analyzed based on the keywords. And by analyzing the figures and tables presented in the textbook, the characteristics of risk perception and risk response were derived. This study is meaningful in that it was able to confirm the role of risk perception and response in science education.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

Purpose: To explore the association between sleep and the risk of accidental injury at school among Korean adolescents. Methods: From the database of the Ninth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), the researcher selected 63,307 adolescents who responded to a survey on sleep hours. We conducted logistic regression with sleep duration and fatigue after sleep as independent variables, the risk of injury at school as a dependent variable, and gender, grade, school type, economic status, parents' education level, number of participations in physical education, and current smoking and drinking as control variables. Results: Using 9 hours of sleep as the reference, the adjusted injury risk (odds ratio) was 1.74 for those sleeping less than 5 hours a day, 1.61 for 5 hours, 1.45 for 6 hours, 1.31 for 7 hours, 1.13 for 8 hours, and 1.40 for 10 hours or longer. The difference between each pair of groups was statistically significant. In this study, injury risk increased as sleep duration decreased and fatigue after sleep increased. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a short nightly duration of sleep and fatigue after sleep can be considered potential risk factorsfor unintentional injuries at school among Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.380-391
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• 2014

Purpose: This was a descriptive research study to examine the patient safety risk factors and the level of safety management of nurses in emergency service, hospitals and to analyze the relationship between the two factors. Method: Data for analysis were collected from 232 nurses in emergency service, hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam from July 30 to September 7, 2013. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Therapeutic agents showed the highest risk level. The prevention of transfusion errors showed the highest performance. As the nurses were working in regional emergency medical centers and received education more than 7 sessions on patient safety, they readily recognized the riskiness of the safety risk factors. In addition, as the nurses were older than 40, married, having more education about safety and understood the incident report registration system well, they performed safety management better. There were significant correlations between perception of the patient safety risk factors and performance for safety management. Conclusion: Nurses in emergency service, hospitals should try to improve safety management to reduce the risk factors shown to be higher based on the results and ensure the patient safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.4 s.40
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• pp.405-416
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• 1991

This paper examined the risks perceived by consumers in apparel buying situation by 1) measuring the contents and perception level of risk, 2) categorizing each risk into meaningful factors (risk types), 3) analyzing the relationships between risk types and consumers' demo-graphic variables. 224 respondents deliberately selected to include each level of S demographic variables were contacted with 37-item question3.ire. Factor analysis showed that 32-item perceived risk could be categorized into 6 risk types: psychological. social, economic, time/convenience loss, fashionability loss, performance risk. Psychological risk were perceived highest in terms of perception level while social and performance risk showed relatively low perception level. 4 of 5 demographic variables including sex, education level, income, occupa-tion showed partial relationship with each risk type after ANOVA and Duncan test. Sex had the greatest influence on risk perception level and each age level (20's, 30's, 40's) showed different risk structure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4643-4650
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• 2014

Background: For decades, studies have been performed to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and risk of cancer. However, whether ABO blood groups are associated with overall cancer risk remains unclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess this association. Materials and Methods: A search of Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Web of Knowledge databases (to May 2013) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews. We included case-control studies and cohort studies with more than 100 cancer cases. Results: The search yielded 89 eligible studies that reported 100,554 cases at 30 cancer sites. For overall cancer risk, the pooled OR was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.09-1.16) for A vs. non- A groups, and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80-0.88) for O vs. non-O groups. For individual cancer sites, blood group A was found to confer increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.18; 95%CI: 1.13-1.24), pancreatic cancer (OR=1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.32), breast cancer (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), ovarian cancer (OR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.04-1.27), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.00-1.33). Blood group O was found to be linked to decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.88), pancreatic cancer (OR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.70-0.80), breast cancer (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85-0.95), colorectal cancer (OR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.96), ovarian cancer (OR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.53-1.00), esophagus cancer (OR=0.94; 95%CI: 0.89-1.00), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=0.81; 95%CI: 0.70-0.91). Conclusions: Blood group A is associated with increased risk of cancer, and blood group O is associated with decreased risk of cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1799-1809
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of competency model based education program on risk behavior and competences for preventing adolescents' risk behavior in adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. Participants for the study were middle school students, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A study was also done between September and December 2010. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN. 15.0 program with ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test and two-way ANOVA. Participants in the competency model based education program reported significantly different both the competency for prevention of risk behavior scores (F=11.25, p=.001) and the risk behavior scores (F=16.01, p<.001) from those in the control group. The competency model based education program was effective in increasing competency for prevention of risk behavior and in decreasing risk behavior for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as a risk behavior prevention strategy for adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the link between health-related physical fitness level and cardiovascular disease-related risk factors in adult male workers. Methods: We tested cardiovascular disease-related risk factors (waist circumference, SBP, DPB, fasting glucose, TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C) and health-related physical fitness ($VO_2max$, grip, Sit-up, Flexibility, Body fat) and divided health-related physical fitness level of the subjects into 3 groups - A (very good, n=56), B (good, n=59), and C (below-average, n=57) according to the criterion of the Health and Fitness counseling guidelines of KOSHA. The statistical techniques such as standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression (p<.05) were used. Results: There were significant differences between group C and group B & A (p<.001) in waist circumference, DBP, Fasting glucose, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C. In TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Group C was higher than group B and A. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, we identified that improvement of health-related physical fitness level positively effects on the decrease of cardiovascular disease-related risk factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether a parenting education program using responsive teaching strategies is effective for parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior and behavioral problems in children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants in this study were 17 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by scores on the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. The parenting education program was developed based on Dr. Mahoney's responsive teaching curriculum. Mothers participated in the program once a week for 8 sessions. Treatment outcome was evaluated using the Korean version of the Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior, and child pivotal developmental behavior. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analysis. Results: After the parenting education program, no significant difference in parenting stress (Z=-1.00, p=.320) was found, but there was a significant decrease in the child's internal behavior problems (Z=-2.05, p=.040), and also a significant improvement in maternal interactional behavior and a significant difference in child pivotal developmental behavior (Z=-2.67, p=.008). Conclusion: The results indicate that parenting education programs based on responsive teaching strategies are effective and that application of a program is recommended to prevent behavioral problems and improve maternal child interaction for children at risk for ADHD.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a nutrition education program on self-efficacy, diet behavior pattern and cardiovascular risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Method: Sixty-four CVD subjects (37 experimental, 27 control) were recruited from a cardiac center, at a university hospital located in D city, Korea. All subjects attended a first heart camp where pretest measures were performed, and a second heart camp at 6 months for the posttest measures. During the 6 month study period, the experimental group was required to attend five monthly nutrition education sessions, while the control group received only routine outpatient follow-ups. Data were analyzed by $x^2$-test and independent t-test using the SPSSWIN 11.5 program. Result: Group comparisons revealed that the experimental group had significantly more improved self-efficacy, frequency of food selection, gustation of salt, systolic blood pressure, and serum total-cholesterol compared to the control group. Conclusion: A nutrition education program may be effective in improving self-efficacy, diet behavior pattern and cardiovascular risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.495-507
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the general tendencies of major variables and sex differences and to analyze the variables that affect delinquency and aggression. The protective factors considered in this study included parental education participation, parental supervision, and peer attachment, and the risk factors were academic stress and delinquency experiences of peers. The main results of this study are as follows: firstly, academic stress and parental education participation was slightly low, but parental supervision was high. Further, peer attachment showed a very high score. Delinquency experiences of peers, delinquency, and aggression of adolescents were extremely low. Secondly, the correlation of parental education participation, parental supervision, and peer attachment was negatively related to adolescent delinquency, but the delinquency experiences of peers were positively related to adolescent delinquency. The same results were obtained in the case of adolescent aggression. Further, academic stress was negatively related to adolescent aggression. Finally, hierarchical regression revealed that the variables explaining the juvenile delinquency were parental education participation, peer attachment, and delinquency experiences of peers. Adolescent aggression was explained by sex, academic stress, parental education participation, and the delinquency experiences of peers. In particular, more attention is needed for girls. Various interventions should be provided to prevent problem behaviors.