• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2014

A survey of risk perception in South Korea was conducted in 2007 to evaluate relative riskiness of typical industrial and technological risks. This article summarizes the characteristics of risk perception using psychometric analyses. The survey with a sample size of 1,194 reviews the perceived level of 25 risk items in the areas of transportation, chemicals, environment, industry, nuclear power generation, and newly-introduced risks. Six categories of risk identified by a factor analysis show that the level of perceived risk does not correspond to the statistical level. Psychometric analyses including voluntariness, severity, effect manifestation, exposure pattern, controllability, familiarity, benefit and necessity demonstrate that voluntary, familiar and immediate risks are perceived as less risky than involuntary, unfamiliar and delayed ones. Risk communication is critical in reducing the discrepance between objective and subjective level of risk. However, the amount of risk information does not always justify a successful risk communication. A safety policy, risk communication strategy in particular, should take into account diverse dimensions of risk reviewed by psychometric analyses in the study. Social policy toward safety can be improved by integrating policy, human, and social factors as well as technological advances.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2023

In this paper, we describe a rule-based risk classification algorithm to perform Risk-based Inspection (RBI) on imported goods at customs. The RBI system is a method to automatically select which cargos have to be inspected and manage potential risks in boarder. In this study, we designed a rule-based risk classification algorithm for RBI solutions and implemented them using the Svelte web application framework. The risk classification algorithm proposed in this paper uses different indicative risk factors such as HS code, country of origin, importer's reliability, trade relationships, and logistics routes to classify cargos into Green, Yellow, and Red channels. To achieve this, we assigned risk categories to each risk factor and randomly generated risk scores within a specific range for each risk category. This system is expected to contribute to the increased efficiency of customs operations and protect public safety by minimizing the risk of imported hazardous materials.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

Studies on assessment tools for predicting cardiovascular disease risk (CDR), along with the studies to prevent CDR have been consistently reported. The validity of the Framingham risk score (FRS), a commonly known tool, has been verified through the precedent studies. In this study, we examined the differences of FRS according to the application of categories of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) or Total cholesterol (TC), and attempted to evaluate the agreement of 10 yr CHD risk judgment based on the above-mentioned application. Excluding those diagnosed as cardiovascular diseases, data on subjects (755 men and 775 women) from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. We found differences of FRS and 10 yr CHD risk depending on the application of categories of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) or Total cholesterol (TC). FRS of TC points were higher than those of LDL-C in both men and women. In classification of low risk (<10%), intermediate risk (10~19%), and high risk (${\geq}20%$), there were disagreements for 106 men and 26 women. Women showed almost perfect agreement from Coefficient of Cohen's Kappa (0.718 in men, and 0.884 in women). In assessment of 10 yr CHD risk, R-squared value from regression including TC was higher than that of LDC-C in both men and women (0.972 vs 0.885). From this result, we can draw a conclusion that correlation coefficients of FRS and CHD risk including TC were higher than those of LDC-C, and women showed a greater degree of agreement than men.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2009

Purpose: Alcohol is a major risk factor for injuries, but little is known about the relationship between chronic drinking pattern and injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of alcohol-related injuries and the differences in the characteristics of the injuries between Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) categories. Methods: Among a representative sample of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 7,697 adults answered questions about injuries, drinking patterns, and socioeconomic status. Incidences of alcohol-related injuries and of non-alcohol-related injuries were calculated, and the relative ratio of injuries between AUDIT categories was analyzed. Results: The incidences of all injuries and alcohol-related injuries were 69.2 and 6.8 per 1000 person-year. After adjustment, the incidences of non-alcohol-related injuries showed no differences between AUDIT categories. But the adjusted relative ratios (RRs) of alcohol-related injuries were 3.73 (95% CI: 1.54~8.99) and 7.70 (95% CI: 3.61~16.44) for risk drinkers and for alcohol-dependent drinkers respectively. No specific body part could be identified as being frequently injured in cases of risk drinkers and alcohol-dependent drinkers. In contrast, the adjusted RRs of fractures, bruises, and open wounds were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.03~3.02), 1.73 (95% CI: 1.15~2.61), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.17~2.93) for alcohol-dependent drinkers. Assaults occurred 4.66 times more frequently in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol-related injuries occur more frequently as the person becomes more dependent on alcohol. Fractures, Bruises, open wounds, and assaults occur more frequently in alcohol-dependent drinker. This study suggests that efforts should be carried out in the ED to screen and treat alcohol-use disorders associated with patients injured after drinking.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1231-1236
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• 2005

Global construction projects manifest more risks than do other industries. Often, firms doing business in construction markets find these risks intimidating. To secure corresponding profits, many global contractors attempt to forecast the effects of risks and establish risk management strategies. However, one key problem with present-day risk management methods is that they are basically analytical or mathematical-oriented approaches which are not easy to adopt in real business. Based on preliminary investigations and evaluations of current tools, this research elicits more practical algorithms for risk checklist by constructing risk scenarios over the whole period of project execution. For the application of the algorithms, a "SE/RF" (Source-Event/Regular-Floating) checklist is suggested, which sorts out risk sources and their subsequent events, as well as dividing various risk factors into either regular or floating categories. In addition, the "PIS" (Probability-Impact-Significance) method is introduced, in place of traditional "PI" (Probability-Impact) methods, by adding the additional criterion of "risk significance" to determine the degree of risk exposure in a more realistic way. As a result, we draw the significant finding that the "PIS" method presents a closer evaluation regarding degree of risk exposure as compared to the level of expert judgments than those from traditional methods. Finally, we provide an integrated procedure for international project risk management with all of the research achievements being incorporated.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRCT) is crucial for cytopathologists to use a standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations and is effective for clear communication with the referring physicians. The new Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the third edition in 2023, provides several key updates. The most important update is the assignment of only single name for each of the six diagnostic categories: (I) nondiagnostic; (II) benign; (III) atypia of undetermined significance; (IV) follicular neoplasm; (V) suspicious for malignancy; and (VI) malignant. An implied risk of malignancy (ROM) for each of six categories has been updated based on extensively published data since the second edition of TBSRTC in 2017 and offers both an average ROM for each category and the expected range of cancer risk. Estimated final ROM after excluding "Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP)" for each of six categories has been updated based on the reported mean decreases in the ROM if excluding NIFTP. For atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category, the subcategorization is simplified and more formalized into 2 subgroups, AUS-nuclear atypia or AUS-other, based on the implied ROM and molecular profiling. For the pediatric thyroid disease, pediatric ROMs and management algorithms are newly added for the same six reporting categories for this age group. New or revised disease nomenclatures including high-grade follicular-derived carcinoma has been updated according to the recently published 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. Brand new two chapters are added including clinical perspectives and imaging studies (Chap. 13) and the use of molecular and other ancillary tests (Chap. 14). The atlas is updated with new images to illustrate more effectively for new disease entity and diagnostic criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

The classification of risk factors and the identification of risk acceptance criteria are core works to assess risk levels with high enough confidential level in the field of marine traffic environment. In the previous study work, the twenty kinds of risk factors and its assessment criteria for the domestic marine traffic environment were proposed. In this paper, with these previous studying results, the relative importance of the risk factors were analyzed by questionnaire survey of marine traffic experts using the analytic hierarchy process. The analysis results showed that the relative importance of the visibility restriction is the highest among the twenty kinds of risk factors, and the relative importance of the traffic condition is the highest among the five kinds of risk categories. As results from analysis, it is expected that the approaching method on the relative importance is to be one of basic techniques for the development of risk assessment models in the domestic marine traffic environment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

It is important to select a risk based priority area for environmental policy formation and decision-making. We estimated the health risks and associated damage costs from exposure to fine particles and assigned priority areas for twenty -five districts in Seoul. In order to estimate the theoretical mortality incidence of the health risk, baseline risks were estimated from mortality rates in two low level areas of fine particles, Seocho Gu and Cheju city To estimate the damage cost from the risk estimates, we investigated and estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) for specific risk reduction. We assumed two different locations as the reference area, Cheju city as Scenario I and Seocho gu as Scenario II. From the results, the five districts, Kwangjin, Chungnang, Kangbuk, Nowon, and Kangnam, ranked high in the categories of both health risk and economic risk. Damage costs were over twenty billion won in each of these districts. As there are uncertainties in these results, the parameter values such as PM$_{2.5}$ level, dose -response slope factor, baseline risk, exposure population and WTP should be continuously validated and refined.d.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.61-72
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• 2005

The landslide risk assessment process consists of hazard risk assessment and vulnerability analysis. landslide hazard risk is location dependent. Therefore, maps and spatial technologies such as GIS are very important components of the risk assessment process. This paper discusses the advantages of using GIS technology in the risk assessment process and illustrates the benefits through case studies of live projects undertaken. The goal of this study is to generate a map of landslide vulnerability map by analysis of static natural factors with GIS. A simple and efficient algorithm is proposed to generate a landslide potentialities map from DEM and existing maps. The categories of controlling factors for landslides, aspect of slope, soil, vegetation are defined. The weight values for landslide potentialities are calculated from AHP method. Slope and slope-direction are extracted from DEM, and soil informations are extracted from digital soil map. Also, vegetation informations are extracted from digital vegetation map. Finally, as overlaying, landslide potentialities map is made out, and it is verified with landslide place.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

This study focuses on the classification of fire equipments for certification based on the risk evaluation. In general, known statistics on fire equipment-related accidents needs to be used for risk evaluation. When statistics is not available, however, expected frequency and severity of accident for individual equipment can be taken into account in evaluating the related risks. Based on the level of inherent risks, each equipment is then classified into three categories for certification. For equipments that risk evaluation is not possible, characteristics of those products such as reliability are considered for classification. Once classified, each equipment is assigned an appropriate certification module.