• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.677-698
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• 2005

In engineering practice, tubular connections are usually assumed pinned or rigid. Recent research showed that tubular joints may exhibit non-rigid behavior under axial or bending loads. This paper is concerned with establishing a new classification for tubular joints and investigating the effect of joint rigidity on the global behavior of CHS (Circular Hollow Section) lattice girders. Parametric formulae for predicting tubular joint rigidities are proposed, which are based on the finite element analyses through systematic variation of the main geometric parameters. Comparison with test results proves the reliability of these formulae. By considering the deformation patterns of respective parts of Vierendeel lattice girders, the boundary between rigid and semirigid tubular connections is built in terms of joint bending rigidity. In order to include characteristics of joint rigidity in the global structural analysis, a type of semirigid element which can effectively reflect the interaction of two braces in K joints is introduced and validated. The numerical example of a Warren lattice girder with different joint models shows the great effect of tubular joint rigidities on the internal forces, deformation and secondary stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Several soil parameters can be calculated for results of Piezocone test; sensitivity, soil classification, OCR, undrained shear strength, coefficient of consolidation etc., and used to analysis geotechnical problems. Particularly, the coefficient of consolidation which is related to degree of consolidation varies according to rigidity index(I/sub r/). In this study, rigidity index(I/sub r/) was analyzed by Roy's formula. Trixial tests and unconfined compression tests data in the ten sites was analyzed. In conclusion, rigidity index(I/sub r/) was suggested such as rigidity index(I/sub r/) = 15∼60, average rigidity index value(I/sub r/) of approximately 33 within a country.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.1053-1068
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• 2021

We investigate the spacelike hypersurface Mⁿ with constant mean curvature (CMC) in a Lorentz Einstein manifold Lⁿ⁺¹₁, which is supposed to obey some appropriate curvature constraints. Applying a suitable Simons type formula jointly with the well known generalized maximum principle of Omori-Yau, we obtain some rigidity classification theorems and pinching theorems of hypersurfaces.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.112-120
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• 1997

1) The superior labrum-biceps complex contributes to shoulder stability. 2) Injuries to the superior labrum Decrease torsional rigidity Place a greater strain on the IGHL 3) Arthroscopy enables diagnosis and treatment of superior labrum lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.895-905
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• 2009

Let $B^{n+1}$ be the unit ball in the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ with the standard Hermitian metric. Let ${\Sigma}^n={\partial}B^{n+1}=S^{2n+1}$ be the boundary sphere with the induced CR structure. Let f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$ be a local CR immersion. If N < 3n - 1, the asymptotic vectors of the CR second fundamental form of f at each point form a subspace of the CR(horizontal) tangent space of ${\Sigma}^n$ of codimension at most 1. We study the higher order derivatives of this relation, and we show that a linearly full local CR immersion f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$, N $\leq$ 3n-2, can only occur when N = n, 2n, or 2n + 1. As a consequence, it gives an extension of the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{2n+2}$ by Hamada to the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{3n+1}$.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

The objectives of this study are to illustrate an alternative housing type responding to the social requirements and customers' needs, to suggest the improvement plan for the related laws and regulations through survey of the actual condition for housing buildings such multi have been raised in classification due to that the existing law systems including the current use classification of residential buildings have been defined unclearly. Especially, various social problems have yielded in line with emergence of the housing type which is not legally classified as residential however used for the living purpose practically. Current zoning planning and related law system have rigidity. So, It is required to introduce a flexible classification system which protects the residential environment based on the housing purpose, function and habitability and provides correspondence between residence and ownership/management method. The legal classification system should be revised in a way that the housing use classification corresponds with the zoning system through breakdown of the use classification system

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.447-462
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• 2020

The paper aims to investigate the mechanical mechanism and seismic effect of stiffeners in blind bolt endplate connection to CFST column. A precise 3D finite element model with considering the cyclic properties of concrete and steel materials was established, and the efficiency was validated through monotonic and cyclic test data. The deforming pattern and the seismic performance of the unstiffened and stiffened blind bolt endplate connections were investigated. Then a parametric analysis was conducted to analyze the contribution of stiffeners and the joint working behaviors with endplate under cyclic load. The joint stiffness classifications were compared and a supplement stiffness classification method was proposed, and the energy dissipation ability of different class connections were compared and discussed. Results indicated that the main deformation pattern of unstiffened blind bolt endplate connections was the local bending of end plate. The vertical stiffeners can effectively alleviate the local bending deformation of end plate. And influence of stiffeners in thin endplate and thick endplate was different. Based on the stiffness of external diaphragm welded connection, a more detailed rigidity classification was proposed which included the pin, semi-rigid, quasi-rigid and rigid connection. Beam was the main energy dissipation source for rigid connection. For the semi-rigid and quasi-rigid connection, the extended endplate, stiffeners and steel beam would all participate in the energy dissipation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-56
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the main classes of DDC. The DDC is a general classification system which aims to classify documents of all kinds falling in any knowledge domain. At best, the order of the main classes represents a mix of Baconian and Hegelian philosophy adulterated by the practical exigencies of organization a collection of books. Each of the main classes have been subdivided further into what are technically known as divisions. This division of knowledge into the nine main classes mirrors the educational consensus of the late nineteen-century Western academic world. The DDC thus scatters subjects by discipline, and the subjects are subordinated to discipline. The DDC has been criticised for its rigidity of division by ten at every step of its division. Division by the decimal classification has been likened to the Procrustean bed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1980

Through the classical records of the oriental medicine my investigation of the authorities of the epilepsy by classifying the etiology, symptoms and the treatments of it and camparing them has led to the following conclusion. 1) The etiology of 'epilepsy' can be classified into wind(風), sputum(痰), fever(熱) convulsion and caul. 2) The symptoms of it fall into the following nine ones; Sudden strong contraction making Sounds within the mouth, unoonsciousness, mutual jerks of the facial muscules foaming form the mouth, trismus contractive of extremities general body rigidity recovering after the fit and no rest. 3) The symptoms of Epilepsy are classified into 'Um type epilepsy'(癲) and the 'yang type epilepsy'(癎), and then the former has nine kinds in sympatomatic state and latter seventeen. 4) The treatment of the case can be made by using of cold drugs mainly for the purpose of mind purification(淸心), fever abatement(降火), Sputum-elimination(化痰) and normalization of metabolism(順氣) and Sometimes the function of the liver should be normalized by giving liver function normalizing medicine after Emetics. In comparison with the western way of using Anti convelsents therapy and electricshock therapy, the way of its treatment based on the classification of the causes is considered to be far more desirable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2020

In this study, the structural experiment was conducted with two types of specimens to investigate the mechanical behavior of the column-rafter-purlin connection of an arch-type greenhouse under monotonic loading. Based on the experimental results, the flexural performance was analyzed for two types of connections, and connection classification was attempted. Type B showed 77% of flexural performance compared to Type A, and both types showed that the rigidity and flexural strength did not reach the level of the full rigid. The behavior of the column-rafter-purlin connection was dominated by local buckling due to deformation of the weld and fasteners. As a result of connection classification by AISC standard, both Type A and B connections showed a result that did not meet the rigid connection performance assumed during design, and were classified as simple connection. Therefore, the connection performance evaluation and classification results show that the greenhouse design should be made in consideration of connection performance and in order to design a reliable greenhouse structure, a study on establishing clear design standards for the greenhouse connection is necessary.